SIST EN ISO 14118:2018
(Main)Safety of machinery - Prevention of unexpected start-up (ISO 14118:2017)
Safety of machinery - Prevention of unexpected start-up (ISO 14118:2017)
This European Standard specifies designed-in means aimed at preventing unexpected machine start-up to allow safe human interventions in hazard zones. It applies to unexpected start-up from all types of energy source, i.e. power supply, e.g. electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, stored energy due to, e.g., gravity, compressed springs and external influences, e.g. from wind.
Sicherheit von Maschinen - Vermeidung von unerwartetem Anlauf (ISO 14118:2017)
Dieses Dokument legt konstruktive Maßnahmen fest, die darauf gerichtet sind, unerwarteten Anlauf (siehe 3.2) zu vermeiden, um sicheren Eingriff von Personen in Gefahrbereiche (siehe Anhang A) zu ermöglichen.
Dieses Dokument bezieht sich auf unerwarteten Anlauf durch alle Arten von Energie, d. h.:
— Energieversorgung, z. B. elektrisch, hydraulisch, pneumatisch;
— gespeicherte Energie, z. B. durch Schwerkraft, gespannte Federn;
— äußere Einflüsse, z. B. durch Wind.
In diesem Dokument werden keine Performance Level oder Sicherheits-Integritätslevel für sicherheitsrelevante Teile von Steuerungssystemen festgelegt. Obwohl Maßnahmen zur Vermeidung von unerwartetem Anlauf bekannt sind, werden in diesem Dokument nicht die Maßnahmen zur Vermeidung eines unerwarteten Anlaufs für bestimmte Maschinen festgelegt.
ANMERKUNG Eine Typ-C-Norm kann die erforderlichen Maßnahmen zur Verhinderung von Schäden aufgrund eines unerwarteten Anlaufs definieren. Andernfalls müssen die Anforderungen für eine bestimmte Maschine durch eine Risikobewertung außerhalb des Geltungsbereichs dieses Dokuments festgelegt werden.
Sécurité des machines - Prévention de la mise en marche intempestive (ISO 14118:2017)
ISO 14118:2017 spécifie des exigences pour les mesures de sécurité intégrée destinées à empêcher la mise en marche intempestive d'une machine (voir 3.2), afin de permettre des interventions humaines en toute sécurité dans des zones dangereuses (voir l'Annexe A).
ISO 14118:2017 s'applique à la mise en marche intempestive depuis tous les types de source d'énergie, c'est-à-dire:
- alimentation en énergie, par exemple électrique, hydraulique, pneumatique;
- énergie emmagasinée en raison, par exemple, de la pesanteur, de ressorts comprimés;
- influences externes, par exemple effets du vent.
ISO 14118:2017 ne spécifie pas de niveaux de performance ou d'intégrité de sécurité pour les parties de systèmes de commande relatives à la sécurité. Même si le présent document identifie les moyens disponibles pour la prévention de la mise en marche intempestive, il ne spécifie pas les moyens de préventions de mise en marche intempestive pour des machines spécifiques.
NOTE Une norme de type C peut définir les moyens exigés pour la prévention de dommage lié à la mise en marche intempestive. Dans le cas contraire, il convient de déterminer les exigences d'une machine spécifique par une appréciation du risque n'étant pas inclue dans le domaine d'application du présent document.
Varnost strojev - Preprečevanje nepričakovanega zagona (ISO 14118:2017)
Ta evropski standard določa projektirana sredstva, ki so predvidena za preprečevanje nepričakovanega zagona stroja zaradi omogočanja varnih intervencij ljudi na nevarnih območjih. Uporablja se za nepričakovane zagone na podlagi vseh vrst virov energije, tj. napajanja, npr. električne, hidravlične, pnevmatske, shranjene energije zaradi npr. gravitacije, stisnjenih vzmeti in zunanjih vplivov, npr. vetra.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 14118:2018
01-maj-2018
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 1037:1999+A1:2008
9DUQRVWVWURMHY3UHSUHþHYDQMHQHSULþDNRYDQHJD]DJRQD ,62
Safety of machinery - Prevention of unexpected start-up (ISO 14118:2017)
Sicherheit von Maschinen - Vermeidung von unerwartetem Anlauf (ISO 14118:2017)
Sécurité des machines - Prévention de la mise en marche intempestive (ISO
14118:2017)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 14118:2018
ICS:
13.110 Varnost strojev Safety of machinery
SIST EN ISO 14118:2018 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 14118:2018
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SIST EN ISO 14118:2018
EN ISO 14118
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
February 2018
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.110 Supersedes EN 1037:1995+A1:2008
English Version
Safety of machinery - Prevention of unexpected start-up
(ISO 14118:2017)
Sécurité des machines - Prévention de la mise en Sicherheit von Maschinen - Vermeidung von
marche intempestive (ISO 14118:2017) unerwartetem Anlauf (ISO 14118:2017)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 October 2017.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 14118:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 14118:2018
EN ISO 14118:2018 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this International Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 4
2
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SIST EN ISO 14118:2018
EN ISO 14118:2018 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 14118:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 199 “Safety of
machinery” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 114 “Safety of machinery” the
secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2018, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by August 2018.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 1037:1995+A1:2008.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 14118:2017 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 14118:2018 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 14118:2018
EN ISO 14118:2018 (E)
Annex ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this International Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered
This International Standard has been prepared under a Commission’s standardization request M/396
to provide one voluntary means of conforming to essential requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive,
compliance with the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of
the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements
of that Directive, and associated EFTA regulations.
Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this International Standard and Directive 2006/42/EC
Essential Requirements of Clause(s)/subclause(s) of Remarks/Notes
Directive 2006/42/EC this standard
Within the limits of the scope All normative clauses
all
relevant essential
requirements
are covered
WARNING 1 — Presumption of conformity stays valid only as long as a reference to this International
Standard is maintained in the list published in the Official Journal of the European Union. Users of this
standard should consult frequently the latest list published in the Official Journal of the European
Union.
WARNING 2 — Other Union legislation may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of
this standard.
4
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SIST EN ISO 14118:2018
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14118
Second edition
2017-12
Safety of machinery — Prevention of
unexpected start-up
Sécurité des machines — Prévention de la mise en marche
intempestive
Reference number
ISO 14118:2017(E)
©
ISO 2017
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SIST EN ISO 14118:2018
ISO 14118:2017(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
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Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 14118:2018
ISO 14118:2017(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General measures to prevent unexpected start-up . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Manual measures for isolation and energy dissipation . 3
4.3 Other means to prevent unexpected (unintended) start-up . 3
4.4 Signalling and warning (delayed start) . 3
5 Isolation and energy dissipation . 3
5.1 Prevention of unexpected start-up upon restoration of any power supplies . 3
5.2 Devices for isolation from power supplies . 3
5.3 Locking (securing) devices . 4
5.4 Devices for stored-energy dissipation or restraint (containment) . 4
5.4.1 General. 4
5.4.2 Mechanical elements . 5
5.4.3 Locking or securing facilities for the restraint (containment) devices. 5
6 Other measures to prevent unexpected start-up . 5
6.1 Design strategy . 5
6.2 Measures to prevent unintended generation of start commands . 6
6.2.1 Measures to prevent unintended actuation of manual start controls . 6
6.2.2 Design of safety-related parts of the control system . 7
6.2.3 Selection and location of power control elements . 7
6.3 Measures to maintain stop commands . 7
6.3.1 Principle . 7
6.3.2 Maintained stop command generated by a stop control device (level A). 7
6.3.3 Maintained stop command generated by machine control (level B/C). 8
6.3.4 Mechanical disconnection (level D; see Figure 1) . 8
6.3.5 Moving-part immobilization (level E; see Figure 1) . 8
6.4 Automatic monitoring of the safe state (stopped condition) during a category 2 stop . 8
7 Design requirements for verification . 8
7.1 General . 8
7.2 Provisions for verifying isolation . 9
7.3 Provisions for verifying energy dissipation or restraint (containment). 9
Annex A (informative) Examples of tasks which can require the presence of persons in
danger zones .10
Bibliography .11
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SIST EN ISO 14118:2018
ISO 14118:2017(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 199, Safety of machinery.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 14118:2000), which has been technically
revised and contains the following changes:
— the text has been edited to facilitate implementation of this document;
— the Scope has been redefined to exclude the specification of performance levels or safety integrity
levels for safety-related parts of control systems;
— Figure 1 has been updated.
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 14118:2018
ISO 14118:2017(E)
Introduction
The structure of safety standards in the field of machinery is as follows:
a) type-A standards (basic safety standards) giving basic concepts, principles for design, and general
aspects that can be applied to all machinery;
b) type-B standards (generic safety standards) dealing with one safety aspect or one or more type(s)
of safeguard that can be used across a wide range of machinery:
— type-B1 standards on particular safety aspects (e.g. safety distances, surface temperature, noise);
— type-B2 standards on safeguards (e.g. two-hand controls, interlocking devices, pressure
sensitive devices, guards);
c) type-C standards (machine safety standards) dealing with detailed safety requirements for a
particular machine or group of machines.
This document is a type-B standard as stated in ISO 12100.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the
market players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance, etc.)
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
In addition, this document is intended for standardization bodies elaborating type-C standards.
The requirements of this document can be supplemented or modified by a type-C standard.
For machines which are covered by the scope of a type-C standard and which have been designed and
built according to the requirements of that standard, the requirements of that type-C standard take
precedence.
Keeping a machine in a stopped condition while persons are present in danger zones is one of the most
important conditions of the safe use of machinery and hence, one of the major aims of the machine
designer and machine user.
In the past, the concepts of “operating machine” and “stopped machine” were generally unambiguous; a
machine was
— operating when its movable elements or some of them were moving;
— stopped when its movable elements were at rest.
Machine automation has made the relationship between “operating” and “moving” on one hand and
“stopped” and “at rest” on the other hand, more difficult to define. Automation has also increased the
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SIST EN ISO 14118:2018
ISO 14118:2017(E)
potential for unexpected start-up and a significant number of hazardous events have occurred where
machines, stopped for diagnostic work or corrective actions, started up unexpectedly.
Hazards other than mechanical hazards generated by movable elements (e.g. from a laser beam) also
need to be taken into account.
The risk assessment relating to the presence of persons in a danger zone of a stopped machine needs to
take into account the probability of an unexpected start-up of the hazard-generating elements.
This document provides machine designers and machinery safety standard technical committees with
samples of built-in measures which can be used to prevent unexpected start-up.
vi © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 14118:2018
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14118:2017(E)
Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up
1 Scope
This document specifies requirements for designed-in means aimed at preventing unexpected machine
start-up (see 3.2) to allow safe human interventions in danger zones (see Annex A).
This document applies to unexpected start-up from all types of energy source, i.e.:
— power supply, e.g. electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic;
— stored energy due to, e.g. gravity, compressed springs;
— external influences, e.g. from wind.
This document does not specify performance levels or safety integrity levels for safety-related parts of
control systems. While available means to prevent unexpected start-up are identified, this document
does not specify the means for the prevention of unexpected machine start-up for specific machines.
NOTE A type-C standard can define the required means for the prevention of harm arising from unexpected
start-up. Otherwise, the requirements for a specific machine need to be determined by risk assessment outside
the scope of this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction
ISO 13849-1, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles
for design
IEC 62061, Safety of machinery — Functional safety of safety-related electrical, electronic and
programmable electronic control systems
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
start-up
machine start-up
change from rest to motion or switch-on of a machine or of one of its parts
Note 1 to entry: An example of function other than motion is switch-on of a laser.
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SIST EN ISO 14118:2018
ISO 14118:2017(E)
3.2
unexpected start-up
unintended start-up
start-up (3.1) which, because of its unexpected nature, generates a risk to persons
Note 1 to entry: This can be caused by, for example:
— a start command which is the result of a failure in or an external influence on the control system;
— a start command generated by inopportune action on a start control or other parts of the machine such as a
sensor or a power control element;
— restoration of the power supply after an interruption;
— external/internal influences (gravity, wind, self-ignition in internal combustion engines, etc.) on parts of the
machine.
Note 2 to entry: Machine start-up during the normal sequence of an automatic cycle is not unintended, but can
be considered as being unexpected from the point of view of the operator. Prevention of hazardous events in this
case involves the use of safeguarding measures (see 6.3).
3.3
isolation and energy dissipation
procedure which consists of all of the four following actions:
a) isolating (disconnecting, separating) the machine (or defined parts of the machine) from all power
supplies;
b) locking (or otherwise securing), if necessary (for instance, when the operator is not able, from
every location he may be at, to check that the power supply remains interrupted), all the isolating
units in the “isolated” position;
c) dissipating or restraining (containing) any stored energy which may give rise to a hazard.
Note 1 to entry Energy considered in c) may be stored in e.g. mechanical parts continuing to move
through inertia, e.g. backdriving of a ventilation fan, mechanical parts liable to move by gravity, capacitors
and accumulators, pressurized fluids and springs.
d) verifying by using a safe working procedure (e.g. by measuring) that the actions taken according to
a), b) and c) have produced the desired effect.
4 General measures to prevent unexpected start-up
4.1 General
A risk assessment in accordance with ISO 12100 shall be performed to identify the required measures
to prevent unexpected start-up.
NOTE Measures to prevent unexpected start-up of specific machinery can be specified in a type-C standard.
The machine manufacturer is responsible for the suitability of measures identified by risk assessment.
The necessary procedures to prevent unexpected start-up including energy dissipation or restraint
(containment) and verification method if necessary, shall be described in the instruction handbook
of the machine and/or in warnings on the machine itself. The instructions should be provided with
respect to each;
— source of energy;
— means;
— task (see Annex A);
2 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 14118:2018
ISO 14118:2017(E)
— level (see Figure 1).
4.2 Manual measures for isolation and energy dissipation
Machines shall be provided with manually operated devices for isolation of energy supplies and
energy dissipation (see Clause 5), considering the required task to be performed with the machine, e.g.
maintenance, work on power circuits and decommissioning.
4.3 Other means to prevent unexpected (unintended) start-up
If the use of manual isolation and energy dissipation is not appropriate for frequent short interventions,
the designer shall provide additional automatic controlled functions (see Clause 6) to prevent
unexpected start-up.
NOTE 1 Examples of tasks which can require the presence of persons in danger zones are given in Annex A.
The designer should determine as completely as possible the different machine operating and stopping
modes and the need for the presence of persons in danger zones. Appropriate safety measures can then
be provided. These measures are intended to prevent operators from being induced to use hazardous
operating modes and hazardous intervention techniques caused by technical difficulties in the use of
the machine.
4.4 Signalling and warning (delayed start)
When required by the risk assessment, an audible and/or visible warning signal and delayed start shall
be provided as a means to prevent injury from the unexpected start-up of machinery.
The warning signal shall be audible and/or visual to alert exposed person(s) of the impending start-up.
The duration of the warning signal and the period of time corresponding to the delayed start-up shall
last long enough to enable the persons either to leave the danger zone before the machine starts or to
prevent the machine starting, e.g. by actuating an emergency stop device.
A warning signal and delayed start-up shall be provided when all danger zones cannot be seen from
the operator control station or when the presence of persons in danger zones cannot be detected or
excluded.
Where applicable, machinery should provide an indication of different states related to start-up, e.g.
“waiting for a start command”, “waiting for material”, “power on”, etc.
5 Isolation and energy dissipation
5.1 Prevention of unexpected start-up upon restoration of any power supplies
Risks need to be considered where it is expected that the restoration or start-up after the energy
dissipation or interruption could lead to unexpected movements.
Where necessary, (an) appropriate measure(s) to prevent it shall be taken.
5.2 Devices for isolation from power supplies
5.2.1 Isolation devices shall:
— ensure a reliable disconnection or separation from the energy source;
— have a reliable mechanical link between the manual control and the isolating element(s);
— be equipped with clear and unambiguous identification of the state of the isolation device which
corresponds to each position of its manual control (actuator).
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SIST EN ISO 14118:2018
ISO 14118:2017(E)
NOTE 1 For electrical equipment, a supply disconnecting (isolating) device complying with IEC 60204-1:2016,
5.3 meets this requirement.
NOTE 2 Plug and socket systems (for electrical supplies) or their pneumatic, hydraulic or mechanical
equivalents, are examples of isolating devices with which it is possible to achieve a visible and reliable
discontinuity in the power supply circuits. For electrical plug/socket combinations, see IEC 60204-1:2016, 5.3.2
e) and 5.3.3.
NOTE 3 For hydraulic and pneumatic equipment; see also ISO 4413:2010, 5.4.7.2.1 and ISO 4414:2010, 5.2.8.
5.2.2 The location and number of isolation devices will be determined by risk assessment while taking
into account the configuration of the machine, the need for the presence of persons in danger zones and
the task to be performed. Each isolation device shall be readily identifiable as to which machine, or part
of it, it isolates (e.g. by durable marking where necessary).
Isolation of only part of a machine shall not create a hazard due to operation of other parts of the
machine.
NOTE 1 For electrical equipment of machinery, see also IEC 60204-1:2016, 5.4.
NOTE 2 For large machinery where it is necessary to have access to individual parts of a machine, separate
additional isolation devices can be required.
NOTE 3 The loca
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 14118:2016
01-julij-2016
9DUQRVWVWURMHY3UHSUHþHYDQMHQHSULþDNRYDQHJD]DJRQD
Safety of machinery - Prevention of unexpected start-up
Sicherheit von Maschinen - Vermeidung von unerwartetem Anlauf
Sécurité des machines - Prévention de la mise en marche intempestive
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 14118
ICS:
13.110 Varnost strojev Safety of machinery
oSIST prEN ISO 14118:2016 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO 14118:2016
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oSIST prEN ISO 14118:2016
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 14118
ISO/TC 199 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2016-05-26 2016-08-25
Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up
Sécurité des machines — Prévention de la mise en marche intempestive
ICS: 13.110
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
This draft has been developed within the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO), and processed under the ISO lead mode of collaboration
as defined in the Vienna Agreement.
This draft is hereby submitted to the ISO member bodies and to the CEN member
bodies for a parallel five month enquiry.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
committee secretariat. ISO Central Secretariat work of editing and text
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
composition will be undertaken at publication stage.
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 14118:2016(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
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oSIST prEN ISO 14118:2016
ISO/DIS 14118:2016(E)
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oSIST prEN ISO 14118:2016
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Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General measures to prevent unexpected start-up . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Manual isolation and energy dissipation . 2
4.3 Other means to prevent unexpected [unintended] start-up . 2
4.4 Signalling and warning (delayed start) . 3
5 Isolation and energy dissipation . 3
5.1 Devices for isolation from power supplies . 3
5.2 Locking [securing] devices . 4
5.3 Devices for stored-energy dissipation or restraint [containment] . 4
5.3.1 General. 4
5.3.2 Mechanical elements . 4
5.3.3 Locking or securing facilities for the restraint [containment] devices . 5
6 Other measures to prevent unexpected start-up . 5
6.1 Design strategy . 5
6.2 Measures to prevent unintended generation of start commands . 5
6.2.1 Measures to prevent unintended actuation of (manual) start controls . 5
6.2.2 Design of safety-related parts of the control system . 5
6.2.3 Selection and location of power control elements . 6
6.3 Measures to prevent unintended start commands resulting in unexpected start-up . 6
6.3.1 Principle . 6
6.3.2 Maintained stop command generated by a stop control device (level A). 6
6.3.3 Maintained stop command generated by machine control (level B/C). 7
6.3.4 Mechanical disconnection (level D: see Figure 1) . 7
6.3.5 Moving-part immobilization (level E: see Figure 1) . 7
6.4 Automatic monitoring of the safe state (stopped condition) during a category 2 stop . 8
7 Design requirements for verification . 8
7.1 General . 8
7.2 Provisions for verifying isolation . 8
7.3 Provisions for verifying energy dissipation or restraint [containment] . 8
Annex A (informative) Examples of tasks which can require the presence of persons in
danger zones . 9
Bibliography .10
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 199, Safety of machinery.
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Introduction
Keeping a machine in a stopped condition while persons are present in danger zones is one of the most
important conditions of the safe use of machinery and hence one of the major aims of the machine
designer and machine user.
In the past, the concepts of “operating machine” and “stopped machine” were generally unambiguous; a
machine was:
— operating when its movable elements, or some of them, were moving;
— stopped when its movable elements were at rest.
Machine automation has made the relationship between “operating” and “moving” on the one hand and
“stopped” and “at rest” on the other hand, more difficult to define. Automation has also increased the
potential for unexpected start-up, and a significant number of hazardous events have occurred where
machines, stopped for diagnostic work or corrective actions, started up unexpectedly.
Hazards other than mechanical hazards generated by movable elements (e.g. from a laser beam) also
need to be taken into account.
The risk assessment relating to the presence of persons in a danger zone of a stopped machine needs to
take into account the probability of an unexpected start-up of the hazard-generating elements.
This International Standard provides machine designers and machinery safety standard technical
committees with samples of built-in measures which can be used to prevent unexpected start-up.
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oSIST prEN ISO 14118:2016
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 14118:2016(E)
Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies designed-in means aimed at preventing unexpected machine
start-up (see 3.2) to allow safe human interventions in danger zones (see annex A).
This International Standard applies to unexpected start-up from all types of energy source, i.e.:
— power supply, e.g. electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic;
— stored energy due to, e.g., gravity, compressed springs;
— external influences, e.g. from wind.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction
ISO 13849-1, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles
for design
IEC 60204-1:2005, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements
IEC 62061, Safety of machinery — Functional safety of safety-related electrical, electronic and
programmable electronic control systems
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100:2010 and the
following apply.
3.1
start-up
machine start-up
change from rest to motion of a machine or of one of its parts
Note 1 to entry: The definition includes functions other than motion, e.g. switch-on of a laser beam.
3.2
unexpected start-up
unintended start-up
any start-up which, because of its unexpected nature, generates a risk to persons
Note 1 to entry: This can be caused by, for example:
— a start command which is the result of a failure in, or an external influence on, the control system;
— a start command generated by inopportune action on a start control or other parts of the machine such as a
sensor or a power control element;
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— restoration of the power supply after an interruption;
— external/internal influences (gravity, wind, self-ignition in internal combustion engines, etc.) on parts of the
machine.
Note 2 to entry: Machine start-up during normal sequence of an automatic cycle is not unintended, but can be
considered as being unexpected from the point of view of the operator. Prevention of hazardous events in this
case involves the use of safeguarding measures (see 6.3).
[SOURCE: ISO 12100:2010, 3.31]
3.3
isolation and energy dissipation
procedure which consists of all of the four following actions:
a) isolating (disconnecting, separating) the machine (or defined parts of the machine) from all power
supplies;
b) locking (or otherwise securing), if necessary (for instance in large machines or in installations), all
the isolating units in the “isolated” position;
c) dissipating or restraining [containing] any stored energy which may give rise to a hazard.
Note 1 to entry: Energy considered in c) above may be stored in e.g.:
— mechanical parts continuing to move through inertia;
— mechanical parts liable to move by gravity;
— capacitors, accumulators;
— pressurized fluids;
— springs.
d) verifying by using a safe working procedure that the actions taken according to a), b) and c) above
have produced the desired effect.
4 General measures to prevent unexpected start-up
4.1 General
Measures to prevent unexpected start-up shall be provided based on a documented risk assessment.
4.2 Manual isolation and energy dissipation
Machines shall be provided with manual operated devices intended for isolation and energy
dissipation (see clause 5), especially with a major view to maintenance, work on power circuits and
decommissioning.
4.3 Other means to prevent unexpected [unintended] start-up
If the use of manual isolation and energy dissipation is not appropriate for frequent short interventions,
the designer shall provide, according to the risk assessment in accordance with ISO 12100:2010,
additional automatic controlled functions (see clause 6) to prevent unexpected start-up.
NOTE 1 Examples of tasks which can require the presence of persons in danger zones are given in annex A.
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NOTE 2 The designer should determine as completely as possible the different machine operating modes
and the need for the presence of persons in danger zones. Appropriate safety measures can then be provided.
These measures should prevent operators from being induced to use hazardous operating modes and hazardous
intervention techniques caused by technical difficulties in the use of the machine.
4.4 Signalling and warning (delayed start)
When required by the risk assessment, an audible and/or visible warning signal and delayed start shall
be provided as a means to prevent injury from the unexpected start-up of machinery.
The warning signal shall be audible and/or visual to alert personnel of the impending start-up. The
warning signal and delayed start-up shall be initiated for a sufficient
...
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