SIST EN 13861:2003
(Main)Safety of machinery - Guidance for the application of ergonomics standards in the design of machinery
Safety of machinery - Guidance for the application of ergonomics standards in the design of machinery
This European standard provides a methodology to achieve a coherent application of various ergonomics standards for the design of machinery. This standard presents a step model calling upon specific standards. This standard can only be used in combination with other relevant ergonomics standards.
This European standard provides guidance where no relevant or suitable ergonomics clauses in C-type standards are available.
This European standard may also be used for incorporating ergonomics in the drafting of C-type standards.
Sicherheit von Maschinen - Leitfaden für die Anwendung von Ergonomie-Normen bei der Gestaltung von Maschinen
Diese Europäische Norm beschreibt eine Methodologie, mit der eine einheitliche Anwendung verschiedener Ergonomie-Normen bei der Gestaltung von Maschinen erreicht werden kann. Diese Norm erläutert ein schrittweises Modell, das auf spezielle Normen verweist. Sie kann nur in Verbindung mit anderen relevanten Ergonomie-Normen Anwendung finden.
Diese Europäische Norm stellt einen Leitfaden zur Verfügung, falls keine entsprechenden oder geeigneten Ergonomie-Abschnitte in Typ-C-Normen gegeben sind.
Diese Europäische Norm kann darüber hinaus zur Berücksichtigung der Ergonomie bei der Erarbeitung von Typ-C-Normen herangezogen werden.
Sécurité des machines - Guide pour l' application des normes relatives a l'ergonomie dans la conception des machines
La présente Norme européenne fournit une méthodologie permettant d'aboutir a une application cohérente des diverses normes relatives a l'ergonomie, pour la conception des machines. La présente norme présente un modele par étapes s'appuyant sur des normes spécifiques. La présente norme ne peut etre utilisée qu'en combinaison avec d'autres normes applicables relatives a l'ergonomie.
La présente Norme européenne fournit un guide lorsque les normes de type C ne comportent pas d'articles applicables ou adéquats relatifs a l'ergonomie.
La présente norme européenne peut également etre utilisée pour introduire l'ergonomie dans l'élaboration des normes de type C.
Varnost strojev - Navodila za uporabo ergonomskih standardov pri oblikovanju strojev
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Varnost strojev - Navodila za uporabo ergonomskih standardov pri oblikovanju strojevSicherheit von Maschinen - Leitfaden für die Anwendung von Ergonomie-Normen bei der Gestaltung von MaschinenSécurité des machines - Guide pour l' application des normes relatives a l'ergonomie dans la conception des machinesSafety of machinery - Guidance for the application of ergonomics standards in the design of machinery13.180ErgonomijaErgonomics13.110Varnost strojevSafety of machineryICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13861:2002SIST EN 13861:2003en01-julij-2003SIST EN 13861:2003SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 13861:2003
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 13861December 2002ICS 13.110; 13.180English versionSafety of machinery - Guidance for the application ofergonomics standards in the design of machinerySécurité des machines - Guide pour l' application desnormes relatives à l'ergonomie dans la conception desmachinesSicherheit von Maschinen - Leitfaden für die Anwendungvon Ergonomie-Normen bei der Gestaltung von MaschinenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 October 2002.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2002 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 13861:2002 ESIST EN 13861:2003
EN 13861:2002 (E)2ContentspageForeword.3Introduction.41Scope.42Normative references.43Terms and definitions.54Application of ergonomics standards in the design of machinery.54.1Introduction.54.2Process for guidance to the appropriate ergonomics standards.54.2.1General.54.2.2Step 1: Hazard analysis and risk estimation.54.2.3Step 2: Investigation of applicability of standards.64.2.4Step 3: Evaluation of the risks using relevant ergonomics standards.74.2.5Step 4: Risk reduction using the various standards.74.2.6Step 5: Verification.75Information for use.9Annex A (informative)
Inventory of selected hazards from EN 1050 with list of applicable B-standards.10Annex B (informative)
Checklist for listing the limits
of the machinery (step 1).17B.1External preconditions.18B.1.1Use limits.18B.1.2Space limits.18B.1.3Time limits.18B.1.4Environmental conditions (of the intended work sites, NOT related to the machinery design).18B.2Work tasks (man/machine interface).18B.2.1Intended and expected types of job.18B.2.2Expected use of personal protective equipment.19B.2.3Foreseeable misuse in terms of ergonomics (EN 292-1:1991, 3.12).19Annex C (informative)
Additional requirements for C-type standardization.20C.1To clause 1 “Scope”.20C.2To clause 4.2.3, "Step 2: Investigation of applicability of standards“.20C.3To clause 4.2.4,“Step 3: Evaluation of the risks using relevant ergonomics standards”.20C.4To clause 4.2.5, “Step 4: Risk reduction using the various standards".20C.5To clause 4.2.6, "Step 5: Verification“.20C.6Requirements for residual risks.21Annex D (informative)
List of ergonomics standards applicable to the design of machinery safetystandards.22Bibliography.34SIST EN 13861:2003
EN 13861:2002 (E)3ForewordThis document (EN 13861:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122, "Ergonomics", thesecretariat of which is held by DIN.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by June 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest byJune 2003.This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the EuropeanFree Trade Association.This document is intended to provide guidance for standardisers and manufacturers seeking to deal with theergonomic requirements defined in EN 292-2:1991, Annex 1, 1.1.2 (d).Annexes A, B, C and D are informative.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain,Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.SIST EN 13861:2003
EN 13861:2002 (E)4IntroductionThe designer of machinery is under an obligation to assess the risks during all phases of the life cycle of themachinery (see EN 292-1:1991, Clause 5). This includes knowledge and experience of the design, use, incidents,accidents and harm.This European standard elaborates EN 1050:1996, Annex A, especially Clause 8 ‘neglecting ergonomic principles’.This standard refers to European and international ergonomics standards in the various relevant fields.The standards for ergonomic design of machinery, as referred to in this document, can help to avoid or reducenumerous hazards and risks, as assessed at the design stage, whilst considering the intended use, the expecteduse and the foreseeable misuse of the machinery.1 ScopeThis European standard provides a methodology to achieve a coherent application of various ergonomicsstandards for the design of machinery. This standard presents a step model calling upon specific standards. Thisstandard can only be used in combination with other relevant ergonomics standards.This European standard provides guidance where no relevant or suitable ergonomics clauses in C-type standardsare available.This European standard may also be used for incorporating ergonomics in the drafting of C-type standards.2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. Fordated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this EuropeanStandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of thepublication referred to applies (including amendments).EN 292-1:1991, Safety of machinery – Basic concepts, general principles for design – Part 1: Basic terminology,methodology.EN 414:2000, Safety of machinery – Rules for the drafting and presentation of safety standardsEN 614-1, Safety of machinery – Ergonomic design principles – Part 1: Terminology and general principles.EN 614-2, Safety of machinery – Ergonomic design principles – Part 2:Interaction between the design of machineryand work tasks.EN 1070:1998, Safety of machinery – Terminology.SIST EN 13861:2003
EN 13861:2002 (E)53 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this standard the terms and definitions given in EN 1070:1998 apply, together with thefollowing:3.1ergonomics (or human factors)scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of the interactions among human and other elements of asystem, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize humanwell-being and overall system performance. (IEA1) , 2000).It seeks to safeguard safety, health and well-being whilstoptimizing efficiency and performance (in accordance with prEN ISO 6385, under preparation)3.2machine/machineryassembly of linked parts or components, at least one of which moves, with the appropriate machine actuators,control and power circuits, etc., joined together for a specific application, in particular for the processing, treatment,moving or packaging of a material. The term machinery also covers an assembly of machines which, in order toachieve one and the same end, are arranged and controlled so that they function as an integral whole (seeEN 292-1:1991, 3.1)4 Application of ergonomics standards in the design of machinery4.1 IntroductionThis standard provides a step by step approach for the application of ergonomics standards in the design ofmachinery. Users of this standard should select and use a C-type standard for that particular machine. For issuesrelated to ergonomics the described step model may be used as guidance through the process of selecting theappropriate B-type ergonomics standards, whilst carrying out a risk assessment according to EN 1050.4.2 Process for guidance to the appropriate ergonomics standards4.2.1 GeneralThe guidance process is based on the general procedures for dealing with safety clauses. EN 292-1 provides adescription of basic hazards, EN 292-2 describes intrinsic design measures, and EN 1050 gives a list of examplesfor hazards, hazardous situations, and hazardous events that occur when using machinery. In order to meet theessential health and safety requirements, the machinery shall be designed in accordance with EN 614-1 andEN 614-2.The following step model gives a methodology to achieve a coherent application of various ergonomics standards.4.2.2 Step 1: Hazard analysis and risk estimation¾ Specify the limits of the machine with respect to ergonomics.¾ Identify the hazards present at the machine during all modes of operation and at each stage in life of themachine by following the guidance in EN 292-1:1991, Clause 5.Ergonomic aspects of machinery can only be assessed, evaluated and verified when all intended interchangeableequipment of the machinery are known. Ergonomics requirements are necessary when considering 'the operator'and 'the exposed persons'. In this European standard the same definition will be used as in EN 292-1:1991, 3.21.¾
1)International Ergonomics AssociationSIST EN 13861:2003
EN 13861:2002 (E)6Specifying the limits of the machinery during the life cycle phases as described in EN 292-1:1991, Clause 5,involves the following ergonomics aspects:Table 1 — Ergonomic aspects for specifying the limits of the machineryExternal preconditions(characteristics and restrictions)Worktasks(man/machine interface)¾ Use limits (user groups)¾ Intended and expected types ofjobs¾ Space limits¾ Expected use of personal protectiveequipment¾ Time limits· Duration· frequency¾ Foreseeable misuse¾ Environmental conditions· climate· noise, lighting· vibrationAnnex B provides a checklist for listing the limits of the machinery.4.2.3 Step 2: Investigation of applicability of standards¾ Specify if a specific C-type standard exists.¾ Check in the relevant C-type standard if the hazards generated by neglecting ergonomics principles andrelated risks are dealt with.¾ Check which B-type standards may be used instead of or in addition to the relevant C-type standard. If a relevant C-type standard is found, this should be followed first. Where appropriate, these C-type standards referto A- and B-type standards for reduction of risks, which are likely to occur with the machinery involved.If no suitable C-type standard is available, or if the C-type standard concerned does not cover ergonomics relatedrisks sufficiently, see Annex A for relevant B-type standards.SIST EN 13861:2003
EN 13861:2002 (E)74.2.4 Step 3: Evaluation of the risks using relevant ergonomics standards¾ Assess the remaining risks related to ergonomics.¾ Check whether these risks are relevant.¾ Consider the ergonomics standards mentioned in relation to the relevant risks (see Annex A).¾ Check if these standards have been used to optimize the design of machinery. In order to carry out the risk evaluation, the respective horizontal B-type standards on general and specificergonomics related risks shall be considered. These standards are classified in Annex A.Ergonomics related risks are significant if a human being and the machinery are part of a common work system(man machine interface). This interaction involves a mutual role as an interface as a tool, a fixture, an energysource or a link in a safety chain. See EN 614-1 and EN 614-2.4.2.5 Step 4: Risk reduction using the various standards Use one of the following alternatives:¾ a solution as described in a C-type standard which refers to B-type standards for ergonomics where relevant;¾ relevant B-type standards for ergonomics where no C-type standard is available;¾ other (additional) references, related to ergonomics. All the relevant and significant risks shall be reduced. However, there may be one or more reasons why some riskscannot be dealt with, e.g. there is no information available or the standard is restricted to some specific items.If the use of personal protective equipment
(PPE) has to be taken into account when designing the machine, anadditional risk assessment shall be carried out in order to check that all essential health and safety requirements,including ergonomics, have been satisfied.4.2.6 Step 5: Verification¾ Check if all relevant and significant ergonomic related risks have been removed or reduced with the help ofapplicable standards.¾ Check if there are significant risks that are not covered by any standard or other technical specification. In thatcase, (re)design the man machine interface in accordance with EN 614-1 and EN 614-2.SIST EN 13861:2003
EN 13861:2002 (E)8Specify the limits of
themachine with respect toergonomicsIdentify ergonomicrelated hazards /risksCan a specifictype C-standardbe applied?Isergonomic riskreduction measureacceptable?Implementreduction/measurefor each hazardStartYesYesRedesign
MMI*) ofmachine acc. EN 614-1oruse other references
Is thesolution
practical and reduces it risksufficiently?NoStep 1Refer to or apply ergonomicsB-standards(see Annex A)Step 2implementmeasureVerify ergonomic riskreduction measure(s)Step 3YesNoNoStep 4Step 5Apply other ergonomicsspecificationsCan risks bereduced with B-typestandards?Are otherergonomicsspecificationsavailable?NoNoYesYes*) Man Machine InterfaceFigure 1 — Flowchart of the step modelSIST EN 13861:2003
EN 13861:2002 (E)95 Information for use All residual ergonomics risks, which cannot be reduced sufficiently with help of specific C-type standards, horizontalB-type standards or other technical specifications, shall be dealt with in the user instructions for the machinery or inthe chapter dealing with user instructions of the relevant C-type standard as stated in EN 414:2000, 6.10.Any limitation in the use of the machinery shall be mentioned in these specifications. In addition, safety signs orpictograms may be prescribed.SIST EN 13861:2003
EN 13861:2002 (E)10Annex A(informative)Inventory of selected hazards from EN 1050 with list of applicable B-standardsNOTEOnly the clauses relating to ergonomics standards are included.Table A.1 Number ofEN 1050:1996,Annex A Hazards (EN 1050:1996, Annex A) Type-B standards in the fields of ergonomics
Definition Requirements/design process Measures Verification or testingmethods 3 Thermal hazards
3.1 Burns and scalds by a possible contact of persons, by flames orexplosions and also by the radiation of heat sources EN 563prEN ISO 13732-3
EN 563prEN ISO 13732-3 EN 13202 EN 563prEN ISO 13732-3 3.2 Health damaging affects by hot or cold work environment EN ISO 13731 EN 27243EN ISO 7730ENV ISO 11079
EN 12515EN 27726EN 28996 4 Hazards generated by noise
4.1 Hearing loss (deafness), other physiological disorders EN 1746 EN ISO 11688-1EN ISO 11688-2EN ISO 11690-1ISO 1999a
EN ISO 11688-1EN ISO 11688-2EN ISO 11690-2
EN ISO 11200EN ISO 11201EN ISO 11204EN ISO 3744EN ISO 4871SIST EN 13861:2003
EN 13861:2002 (E)11 Table A.1 (continued) NumberofEN 1050:1996,Annex A Hazards (EN 1050:1996, Annex A) Type-B standards in the fields of ergonomics
Definition Requirements/design process Measures Verification or testingmethods 4.2 Interference with speech communication, acoustic signals, etc. EN 1746 EN 457a
EN 894-2
EN ISO 11690-1ISO 9921-1
EN ISO 11688-1EN ISO 11688-2EN ISO 11690-2 EN ISO 3744EN ISO 4871EN ISO 11200EN ISO 11201EN ISO 11204 5 Hazards generated by vibration
5.1 Use of hand-held machines resulting in a variety of neurological andvascular disorders CR 12349ENV 25349ISO 2041ISO 5805 EN 1033ENV 25349EN 28662-1 CR 1030-1 EN 1033ENV 25349ENV 28041prEN ISO 5349-2ISO 2631-1 5.2 Whole body vibration, particularly when combined with poor postures EN 1032CR 12349EN 12786ISO 2041ISO 2631-1ISO 5805ISO 8727 EN 1032prEN 14386 EN 1299 EN 1032ENV 28041EN 30326-1 6 Hazards generated by radiation
6.1 Low frequency, radio frequency radiation, microwaves EN 12198-1 ENV
50166-1ENV
50166-2 EN 12198-1 ENV
50166-1ENV
50166-2 8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in machinerydesign SIST EN 13861:2003
EN 13861:2002 (E)12 Table A.1 (continued) Number ofEN 1050:1996,Annex A Hazards (EN 1050:1996, Annex A) Type-B standards in the fields of ergonomics
Definition Requirements/design process Measures Verification or testingmethods 8.18.28.3 Unhealthy postures or excessive effortInadequate consideration of hand-arm and foot-leg anatomyNeglected use of personal protective equipment EN 1005-1EN ISO 7250 EN 547-1EN 547-2EN 547-3EN ISO 14738EN 60204-1prEN 14386 EN 547-2Annex BprEN 1005-2EN 1005-3EN ISO 7250EN ISO 11064-2EN ISO 14738prEN ISO 11064-6b
prEN 1005-2EN 1005-3prEN 1005-4prEN ISO 15537
8.4 Inadequate local lighting EN 842EN 894-2EN 894-3EN 12665ISO 8995
EN 842EN 894-2EN 894-3EN 1837EN 60204-1EN 61310-1ISO 8995
EN 842ISO 8995 8.5 Mental overload and underload, stress EN ISO 10075-1 EN 614-2 EN 614-2
8.6 Human error, human behaviour EN 457EN 842EN 894-1EN 894-2EN 894-3EN 981
EN 457EN 842EN 894-1EN 894-2EN 894-3EN 981EN 60204-1EN 61310-1EN 61310-2 EN 61310-3
EN 457EN 842EN 894-3EN 981 21 Additional hazards and hazardous events due to mobility linkedto work position on the machine SIST EN 13861:2003
EN 13861:2002 (E)13 Table A.1 (continued) Number ofEN 1050:1996,Annex A Hazards (EN 1050:1996, Annex A) Type-B standards in the fields of ergonomics
Definition Requirements/design process Measures Verification or testingmethods 21.1 Fall of persons during access to (or at/from) the work position EN ISO 7250 EN 547-1EN 547-2EN 547-3EN ISO 14738prEN 14386
prEN ISO 15537 21.5 Insufficient visibility from the work position EN 842EN 894-2EN 894-3 EN 61310-1EN 61310-2EN 842EN 894-2prEN 14386
EN 894-3 21.6 Inadequate lighting EN 12665ISO/ 8995 EN 1837 ISO 8995
ISO 8995 21.7 Inadequate seating EN 1005-1EN ISO 7250 prEN 1005-4EN ISO 14738EN 60204-1prEN 14386 EN ISO 14738 prEN 1005-4prEN ISO 15537SIST EN 13861:2003
EN 13861:2002 (E)14 Table A.1 (continued) Number ofEN 1050:1996,Annex A Hazards (EN 1050:1996, Annex A) Type-B standards in the fields of ergonomics
Definition Requirements/design process Measures Verification or testingmethods 21.8 Noise at the work position EN 1746 EN 547-1EN 547-2EN 547-3prEN 1005-4EN ISO 11201EN ISO 11688-1EN ISO 11688-2EN ISO 11690-1EN ISO 14738prEN 14386ISO 1999a
EN ISO 11688-1 EN ISO 11688-2EN ISO 11690-2 EN ISO 11200EN ISO 11201EN ISO 11202EN ISO 11203EN ISO 11204 21.9 Vibration at the work position EN 12786ENV 25349ISO 2041ISO 5805 EN 547-1EN 547-2EN 547-3EN ISO 14738ENV 25349ENV 50166-1ENV 50166-2 CR 1030-1 EN 1033ENV 25349ENV 28041ENV 50166-1ENV 50166-2EN ISO 5349-2ISO 2631-1 22 Additional hazards and hazardous events due to the controlsystem SIST EN 13861:2003
EN 13861:2002 (E)15 Table A.1 (continued) Number ofEN 1050:1996,Annex A Hazards (EN 1050:1996, Annex A) Type-B standards in the fields of ergonomics
Definition Requirements/design process Measures Verification or testingmethods 22.1 Inadequate location of controls/ control devices EN 894-2EN 894-3EN 1005-1EN ISO 7250 EN 894-2EN 894-3EN 1005-3prEN 1005-4EN ISO 14738EN 61310-2EN 60204-1prEN 14386 EN ISO 14738 EN 894-3EN 1005-3prEN 1005-4prEN ISO 15537
22.2 Inadequate design of the actuation mode and/or action mode ofcontrols EN 894-2EN 894-3EN 1005-1 EN 547-1EN 547-2EN 547-3EN 894-2EN 894-3EN 1005-3prEN 1005-4EN 61310-2EN 60204-1
EN 894-3EN 1005-3prEN 1005-4 29 Additional hazards and hazardous events due to lifting; hazardsgenerated by neglecting ergonomic principles SIST EN 13861:2003
EN 13861:2002 (E)16 Table A.1 (continued) Number ofEN 1050:1996,Annex A Hazards (EN 1050:1996, Annex A) Type-B standards in the fields of ergonomics
Definition Requirements/design process Measures Verification or testingmethods 29.1 Insufficient visibility from the driving position EN 1005-1EN ISO 7250 EN 547-1EN 547-2EN 547-3EN 894-2prEN 1005-4EN ISO 14738EN 60204-1prEN 14386 EN ISO 14738 prEN 1005-4prEN ISO 15537astandard with only/mainly requirements for the immission at a workplace and therefore only indirectly on the emission of the machinebprEN ISO 11064-6 'Ergonomic design of control centres – Part 6: Environmental requirements for control centres'; under preparation; expected in 2003NOTEImportant subjects missing in EN 1050 are: ‘information displays’ and ‘repetitive movements’.The subject ‘information displays’ is included in table A.1 in number 21 (above).SIST EN 13861:2003
EN 13861:2002 (E)17Annex B(informative)Checklist for listing the limits2)
of the machinery (step 1) Prior conditions Life cycle phases
Construction Transport andcommissioning . assembly,
installation. adjustment Use
. setting, teaching/
programming or
process changeover . operation . cleaning . fault finding . maintenance De-commis-sioning,dismantling,disposal Externalpreconditions(characteristicsand restrictions)
User limits(user groups)
Space limits
Time limits. duration. frequency
Environmentalconditions. climate. noise, lighting. vibration
Work tasks(man/machineinterface)
Intended
andexpected use
Expected use ofpersonal protect-ive equipment
Foreseeablemisuse
¾
2)As defined in EN 292-1:1991, Clause 5.SIST EN 13861:2003
EN 13861:2002 (E)18B.1 External preconditionsB.1.1 Use limitsIntended user groups (the population that will use the machine), such as age-groups, level of training, etc.:¾ young, older and disabled persons;¾ professional and non-professional users.B.1.2 Space limits¾ for the machine itself, including for the operators;¾ inside the machine (e.g. driving positions);¾ for the operator when doing maintenance or faultfinding;¾ for accessories and component parts;¾ accessibility.B.1.3 Time limits¾ determination of the foreseeable duration and frequency of use;¾ life cycle of the machine and its different component parts;¾ duration of use by the operator;¾ frequency of use by the operator.B.1.4 Environmental conditions (of the intended work sites, NOT related to the machinerydesign)¾ climate;¾ noise;¾ lighting;¾ vibration.B.2 Work tasks (man/machine interface)B.2.1 Intended and expected types of job¾ production task;¾ control task;¾ general work or precision work;¾ at a fixed work station or a mobile station;SIST EN 13861:2003
EN 13861:2002 (E)19¾ sitting/standing/walking work etc.;¾ work with a low force exertion: head/neck/eyes;¾ work with a high force exertion: leg/foot/shoulder/arm/hand;¾ work with a high mental load (stress).B.2.2 Expected use of personal protective equipment¾ if it cannot be avoided in the foreseeable conditions of use.¾ NOT related to the machinery design¾ work which tends to increase the mental load B.2.3 Foreseeable misuse in terms of ergonomics (EN 292-1:1991, 3.12)¾ use by others than the intended user group;¾ use in an incorrect working posture;¾ use in unsafe and unhealthy conditions;¾ use without proper training.SIST EN 13861:2003
EN 13861:2002 (E)20Annex C(informative)Additional requirements for C-type standardizationThe following clauses are applicable when this standard is used for the drafting of ergonomics clauses in C-typestandards. Additions to the respective clauses are given in C.1 to C.5.C.1 To clause 1 “Scope”This European standard may be used for the drafting of C-type standards and by designers of machinery in anearly design stage where no relevant or suitable C-type standards are available.C.2 To clause 4.2.3, "Step 2: Investigation of applicability of standards“Check which B-type standards shall be applied instead of, or in addition to this C-type standard.Where appropriate, this C-type standard shall refer to A- and B-type standards for risks which are likely to occurwith the machinery involved, but which are not dealt with (explicitly) in the specific C-type standard (see alsoEN 414).C.3 To clause 4.2.4,“Step 3: Evaluation of the risks using relevant ergonomicsstandards”Assess the remaining risks. Check whether the risks are relevant. Consider the ergonomics standards mentioned inrelation to the relevant risks (see Annex A). Check if these standards can be used as a generic basis for the C-typestandard to provide the required risk reduction.Ergonomics related risks are significant if a human being and the machinery are part of a common work system(man machine interface). This interaction involves a mutual possible role as an interface as a tool, a fixture, anenergy source or a link in a safety chain. See EN 614-1 and EN 614-2.C.4 To clause 4.2.5, “Step 4: Risk reduction using the various standards"If
some significant risks have not been dealt with in relevant A- and B-type standards, neither in this C-typestandard, the exclusion of these significant risks shall be mentioned in the scope of the C-type standard, as statedin EN 414.C.5 To clause 4.2.6, "Step 5: Verification“Check if the use of standards removed the relevant risks or reduced these risks to an acceptable level. As far asthese standards do not help removing or reducing the risks sufficiently, additional specifications shall be drawn upin a C-type standard for the risks related to the specific machinery.The C-type standard shall provide information on how the stated ergonomic measures can be verified by means ofthe information in the relevant horizontal B-type standards where available.I
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