SIST ISO 16107:2012
Workplace atmospheres - Protocol for evaluating the performance of diffusive samplers
Workplace atmospheres - Protocol for evaluating the performance of diffusive samplers
ISO 16107:2007 specifies methods for evaluation of sampler performance in terms of workplace conditions: wind speed, humidity, temperature, atmospheric pressure, and analyte variation. The concise set of experiments specified aims to minimize cost to the user. The evaluation is limited to conditions commonly encountered in personal sampling in the indoor workplace setting, namely wind speeds of up to 0,5 m/s and for sampling periods typically from 2 h to 8 h.
Static or area sampling, unlike personal sampling where movement of the subject is significant, may sometimes be subject to sampling-rate reduction due to stagnation at very low wind speeds. ISO 16107:2007 therefore does not apply to wind speeds of less than 0,1 m/s relative to static samplers. Samplers are also tested for compliance with the manufacturer's stated limits on capacity, possibly in the presence of interfering compounds. Given a suitable exposure chamber, the sampler evaluation protocol can be extended to cover sampler use for other sampling periods and conditions.
ISO 16107:2007 indicates how to measure diffusive sampler uncertainty for characterizing concentration estimates obtained subsequent to the evaluation. It is impractical continually to re-evaluate diffusive sampler performance under various environmental conditions prevailing during application.
Air des lieux de travail - Protocole pour l'évaluation de la performance des dispositifs de prélèvement par diffusion
Zrak na delovnem mestu - Protokol za vrednotenje lastnosti difuzijskih vzorčevalnikov
Ta mednarodni standard določa metode za vrednotenje lastnosti vzorčevalnikov na področju pogojev na delovnem mestu: hitrost vetra, vlažnost, temperatura, zračni tlak in variacija analita. Zgoščeni niz specificiranih preskusov je namenjen za zmanjšanje stroškov uporabnika. Vrednotenje je omejeno na pogoje, ki so pogosti pri osebnem vzorčenju v okolju notranjih delovnih mest, zlasti pri hitrosti vetra do 0,5 m/s in običajnih obdobjih vzorčenja od 2 do 8 h. Pri statičnem vzorčenju ali vzorčenju površin se lahko v nasprotju z osebnim vzorčenjem, pri katerem je pomembno gibanje predmeta, frekvenca vzorčenja zmanjša zaradi mirovanja pri zelo nizkih hitrostih vetra. Ta mednarodni standard se zato ne uporablja za hitrosti vetra, manjše od 0,1 m/s, za katere se uporabljajo statični vzorčevalniki. Preskuša se tudi skladnost vzorčevalnikov z omejitvami glede kapacitete, ki jih je navedel proizvajalec, če je mogoče v prisotnosti motečih komponent. Če je na voljo ustrezna komora za izpostavljanje, se lahko protokol za vrednotenje vzorčevalnikov razširi na uporabo vzorčevalnikov v drugih obdobjih in pogojih vzorčenja.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-2012
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ISO 16107:2002
=UDNQDGHORYQHPPHVWX3URWRNRO]DYUHGQRWHQMHODVWQRVWLGLIX]LMVNLK
Y]RUþHYDOQLNRY
Workplace atmospheres - Protocol for evaluating the performance of diffusive samplers
Air des lieux de travail - Protocole pour l'évaluation de la performance des dispositifs de
prélèvement par diffusion
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 16107:2007
ICS:
13.040.30 Kakovost zraka na delovnem Workplace atmospheres
mestu
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16107
Second edition
2007-10-15
Workplace atmospheres — Protocol for
evaluating the performance of diffusive
samplers
Air des lieux de travail — Protocole pour l'évaluation de la performance
des dispositifs de prélèvement par diffusion
Reference number
©
ISO 2007
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2007
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 2
5 Summary of test protocol . 3
5.1 Factors affecting performance . 3
5.2 “Accuracy” as providing a single performance value linking to measurement uncertainty. 4
5.3 Bias, intersampler variability and the effects of environmental uncertainty. 4
5.4 Reverse diffusion. 5
5.5 Capacity — Control of effects from interfering compounds. 6
5.6 Capacity overload detection. 6
5.7 Desorption efficiency . 7
5.8 Atmospheric pressure. 7
5.9 Wind direction . 7
5.10 Simplifications . 7
6 Apparatus . 7
6.1 Exposure chamber specifications . 7
6.2 Controlled environmental conditions. 8
6.3 Inter-run variability . 8
7 Reagents and materials . 9
8 Procedure . 9
9 Sampler performance classification. 9
10 Accuracy. 10
10.1 General. 10
10.2 Accuracy range confidence limit . 10
10.3 Expanded uncertainty . 11
11 Test report . 11
Annex A (informative) Worked example — Program for diffusive sampler accuracy range
calculation . 13
Annex B (informative) Calculation of variances. 15
Bibliography . 16
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 16107 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 2, Workplace
atmospheres.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 16107:1999), which has been technically
revised.
iv © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Gas or vapor sampling is often accomplished by actively pumping air through a collection medium such as
activated charcoal. Problems associated with a pump, such as inconvenience, inaccuracy and expense, are
inextricable from this type of sampling. The alternative covered by this International Standard is to use
diffusion for moving the compound of interest onto the collection medium. This approach to sampling is
attractive because of the convenience of use and low total monitoring cost.
However, previous studies have found significant problems with the accuracy of some samplers. Therefore,
although diffusive samplers may provide a plethora of data, inaccuracies and misuse of diffusive samplers
may yet affect research studies. Furthermore, worker protection may be based on faulty assumptions. The
aim of this International Standard is to counter the uncertainties in diffusive sampling through achieving a
broadly accepted set of performance tests and acceptance criteria for proving the efficacy of any given
diffusive sampler intended for use.
This International Standard is intended specifically for the large-scale evaluation of many diffusive
sampler/analyte pairs of practical application and is complementary to EN 838. An affordable, experimental
evaluation determines a single performance value indicating how a sampler performs in a typical situation. A
sampler can thereby be quickly judged as to acceptability. Additionally, sufficient data are obtained to predict
performance in many atypical situations. For example, although sampling may normally be done at room
temperature, a particular need may call for use in extreme cold. In such a case, the single performance value
would be superseded by the particular needs.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16107:2007(E)
Workplace atmospheres — Protocol for evaluating the
performance of diffusive samplers
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies methods for evaluation of sampler performance in terms of workplace
conditions: wind speed, humidity, temperature, atmospheric pressure, and analyte variation. The concise set
of experiments specified aims to minimize cost to the user. The evaluation is limited to conditions commonly
encountered in personal sampling in the indoor workplace setting, namely wind speeds of up to 0,5 m/s and
for sampling periods typically from 2 h to 8 h.
Static or area sampling, unlike personal sampling where movement of the subject is significant, may
sometimes be subject to sampling-rate reduction due to stagnation at very low wind speeds. This International
Standard therefore does not apply to wind speeds of less than 0,1 m/s relative to static samplers. Samplers
are also tested for compliance with the manufacturer's stated limits on capacity, possibly in the presence of
interfering compounds. Given a suitable exposure chamber, the sampler evaluation protocol can be extended
to cover sampler use for other sampling periods and conditions.
This International Standard indicates how to measure diffusive sampler uncertainty for characterizing
concentration estimates obtained subsequent to the evaluation. It is impractical continually to re-evaluate
diffusive sampler performance under various environmental conditions prevailing during application.
NOTE 1 In this International Standard, the confidence level for the initial method evaluation becomes an integral part of
the measurement uncertainty. This approach slightly broadens the statistical protocols given in ISO Guide 98:1995.
Furthermore, the possibility of sampler errors related to correctible sampler bias is addressed.
NOTE 2 This International Standard is an extension of previous research on diffusive samplers (References [1] to [17]
inclusive and EN 838).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 838, Workplace atmospheres — Diffusive samplers for the determination of gases and vapours —
Requirements and test methods
ISO Guide 98:1995, Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement. BIPM, IEC, IFCC, ISO, IUPAC,
IUPAP, OIML
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 838 and ISO Guide 98:1995 and the
following apply.
3.1
symmetric accuracy range
A
fractional range about the measurand concentration, c, within which 95 % of sampler measurements are found
NOTE See References [18] to [21] inclusive.
If the modulus of the bias is small, i.e. │∆│ < R/1,645, the symmetric accuracy range, A, can be shown to be closely
approximated (Reference [21]) by Equation (1):
AR =×1,960 ∆+ (1)
where
∆ is the bias, expressed relative to true concentrations;
R is the overall true relative standard deviation, expressed relative to true concentrations.
Otherwise
AR =+|∆| 1,645× (2)
If the bias is corrected, the expected value of ∆ in Equation (1) becomes equal to the variance of the bias correction,
reflecting an uncorrectable residual bias du
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16107
Second edition
2007-10-15
Workplace atmospheres — Protocol for
evaluating the performance of diffusive
samplers
Air des lieux de travail — Protocole pour l'évaluation de la performance
des dispositifs de prélèvement par diffusion
Reference number
©
ISO 2007
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2007
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 2
5 Summary of test protocol . 3
5.1 Factors affecting performance . 3
5.2 “Accuracy” as providing a single performance value linking to measurement uncertainty. 4
5.3 Bias, intersampler variability and the effects of environmental uncertainty. 4
5.4 Reverse diffusion. 5
5.5 Capacity — Control of effects from interfering compounds. 6
5.6 Capacity overload detection. 6
5.7 Desorption efficiency . 7
5.8 Atmospheric pressure. 7
5.9 Wind direction . 7
5.10 Simplifications . 7
6 Apparatus . 7
6.1 Exposure chamber specifications . 7
6.2 Controlled environmental conditions. 8
6.3 Inter-run variability . 8
7 Reagents and materials . 9
8 Procedure . 9
9 Sampler performance classification. 9
10 Accuracy. 10
10.1 General. 10
10.2 Accuracy range confidence limit . 10
10.3 Expanded uncertainty . 11
11 Test report . 11
Annex A (informative) Worked example — Program for diffusive sampler accuracy range
calculation . 13
Annex B (informative) Calculation of variances. 15
Bibliography . 16
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 16107 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 2, Workplace
atmospheres.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 16107:1999), which has been technically
revised.
iv © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Gas or vapor sampling is often accomplished by actively pumping air through a collection medium such as
activated charcoal. Problems associated with a pump, such as inconvenience, inaccuracy and expense, are
inextricable from this type of sampling. The alternative covered by this International Standard is to use
diffusion for moving the compound of interest onto the collection medium. This approach to sampling is
attractive because of the convenience of use and low total monitoring cost.
However, previous studies have found significant problems with the accuracy of some samplers. Therefore,
although diffusive samplers may provide a plethora of data, inaccuracies and misuse of diffusive samplers
may yet affect research studies. Furthermore, worker protection may be based on faulty assumptions. The
aim of this International Standard is to counter the uncertainties in diffusive sampling through achieving a
broadly accepted set of performance tests and acceptance criteria for proving the efficacy of any given
diffusive sampler intended for use.
This International Standard is intended specifically for the large-scale evaluation of many diffusive
sampler/analyte pairs of practical application and is complementary to EN 838. An affordable, experimental
evaluation determines a single performance value indicating how a sampler performs in a typical situation. A
sampler can thereby be quickly judged as to acceptability. Additionally, sufficient data are obtained to predict
performance in many atypical situations. For example, although sampling may normally be done at room
temperature, a particular need may call for use in extreme cold. In such a case, the single performance value
would be superseded by the particular needs.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16107:2007(E)
Workplace atmospheres — Protocol for evaluating the
performance of diffusive samplers
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies methods for evaluation of sampler performance in terms of workplace
conditions: wind speed, humidity, temperature, atmospheric pressure, and analyte variation. The concise set
of experiments specified aims to minimize cost to the user. The evaluation is limited to conditions commonly
encountered in personal sampling in the indoor workplace setting, namely wind speeds of up to 0,5 m/s and
for sampling periods typically from 2 h to 8 h.
Static or area sampling, unlike personal sampling where movement of the subject is significant, may
sometimes be subject to sampling-rate reduction due to stagnation at very low wind speeds. This International
Standard therefore does not apply to wind speeds of less than 0,1 m/s relative to static samplers. Samplers
are also tested for compliance with the manufacturer's stated limits on capacity, possibly in the presence of
interfering compounds. Given a suitable exposure chamber, the sampler evaluation protocol can be extended
to cover sampler use for other sampling periods and conditions.
This International Standard indicates how to measure diffusive sampler uncertainty for characterizing
concentration estimates obtained subsequent to the evaluation. It is impractical continually to re-evaluate
diffusive sampler performance under various environmental conditions prevailing during application.
NOTE 1 In this International Standard, the confidence level for the initial method evaluation becomes an integral part of
the measurement uncertainty. This approach slightly broadens the statistical protocols given in ISO Guide 98:1995.
Furthermore, the possibility of sampler errors related to correctible sampler bias is addressed.
NOTE 2 This International Standard is an extension of previous research on diffusive samplers (References [1] to [17]
inclusive and EN 838).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 838, Workplace atmospheres — Diffusive samplers for the determination of gases and vapours —
Requirements and test methods
ISO Guide 98:1995, Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement. BIPM, IEC, IFCC, ISO, IUPAC,
IUPAP, OIML
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 838 and ISO Guide 98:1995 and the
following apply.
3.1
symmetric accuracy range
A
fractional range about the measurand concentration, c, within which 95 % of sampler measurements are found
NOTE See References [18] to [21] inclusive.
If the modulus of the bias is small, i.e. │∆│ < R/1,645, the symmetric accuracy range, A, can be shown to be closely
approximated (Reference [21]) by Equation (1):
AR =×1,960 ∆+ (1)
where
∆ is the bias, expressed relative to true concentrations;
R is the overall true relative standard deviation, expressed relative to true concentrations.
Otherwise
AR =+|∆| 1,645× (2)
If the bias is corrected, the expected value of ∆ in Equation (1) becomes equal to the variance of the bias correction,
reflecting an uncorrectable residual bias due to uncertainty in the correction. Then if the bias uncertainty is under control,
the low bias modulus model of Equation (1) indicates the proportionality of A to the root mean squared combined
uncertainty components.
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
A symmetric accuracy range (3.1) in terms of bias and precision
A estimated symmetric accuracy range, A
est
A 95 % confidence level on the symmetric accuracy range, A
95 %
c true or reference analyte concentration, in milligrams per cubic metre, or parts per million as a ratio of
analyte to air molecules, per instructions of the sampler manufacturer
c mean of (four) concentration estimates (including pressure and temperature corrections), in milligrams
est
per cubic metre or parts per million as a ratio of analyte to air molecules, per instructions of the
sampler manufacturer
h humidity, partial pressure of water vapor, in kilopascals
n number of diffusive samplers tested for measuring sampler capacity
p (atmospheric) pressure
...
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