SIST EN 13021:2004
(Main)Winter service machines - Safety requirements
Winter service machines - Safety requirements
This European Standard applies to winter service machines which are defined in clause 3. This European standard deals with all significant hazards relevant to winter service machines when they are used as intended and under conditions foreseen by the manufacturer. This European standard specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks arising from the significant hazards.
Maschinen für den Winterdienst - Sicherheitsanforderungen
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für Maschinen für den Winterdienst, die im Abschnitt 3 definiert sind.
Diese Europäische Norm behandelt alle anhand einer Risikobeurteilung festgestellten signifikanten Gefährdungen (siehe Abschnitt 4), die von Maschinen für den Winterdienst ausgehen, wenn sie bestimmungsgemäß entsprechend den Empfehlungen des Herstellers verwendet werden. Diese Europäische Norm behandelt nicht signifikante Gefährdungen bezüglich Lärm und elektromagnetischer Verträglichkeit (EMV).
Diese Europäische Norm spezifiziert die entsprechenden technischen Maßnahmen zur Beseitigung oder Verminderung der Risiken, die nur von den signifikanten Gefährdungen beim Einsatz, der Einstellung, der Be- und Entladung und der Wartung der Maschine ausgehen.
Maschinen für den Winterdienst werden normalerweise auf Trägerfahrzeuge (z. B. LKW, Traktoren, Baumaschinen und Flurföderzeuge) aufgebaut oder an diese angebaut. Diese Europäische Norm behandelt nicht die technischen Anforderungen an Trägerfahrzeuge sowie deren An- und Aufbauwechselsysteme, auch wenn spezielle Anpassungen am Trägerfahrzeug zum An- oder Aufbau von Maschinen für den Winterdienst erforderlich sind. Diese werden in Richtlinien für Trägerfahrzeuge abgehandelt. Für die Teilnahme am öffentlichen Straßenverkehr gelten die nationalen Vorschriften.
Diese Norm behandelt nicht Anforderungen für An- und Aufbauwechselsysteme (z. B. Wechselbehälter). Diese Anforderungen sind in anderen Normen festgelegt.
In dieser Europäischen Norm werden nicht behandelt
3 Maschinen oder Komponenten, die ausschließlich für die Räumung von Gleiskörpern konstruiert sind, wie z. B. Eisenbahn-Schneepflüge oder -Schneeschleudern,
3 mitgängergeführte und handgehaltene Maschinen für den Winterdienst,
3 Maschinen für den Straßenbetriebsdienst nach prEN 13524, wie z. B. Vorbaukehrmaschinen,
Machines pour le service hivernal - Prescriptions de sécurité
La présente norme s'applique aux matériels du service hivernal telles que définies a l'article 3.
La présente norme traite tous les phénomenes dangereux significatifs (voir article 4) identifiés au cours de l'estimation des risques spécifiques aux matériels du service hivernal lorsqu'ils sont utilisés normalement et dans les conditions prévues par le constructeur.
La présente norme ne traite pas des phénomenes dangereux significatifs associés au bruit ou a la compatibilité électromagnétique.
La présente norme spécifie les mesures techniques appropriées pour éliminer ou réduire les risques engendrés par les phénomenes dangereux significatifs associés uniquement au fonctionnement, a la mise en service et réglage, au déchargement et a la maintenance périodique des machines.
L'équipement sera généralement monté sur un véhicule porteur (par exemple camions, engins de terrassement, tracteurs chariots industriels). La présente norme ne traite pas les prescriptions pour le « véhicule porteur » meme si des modifications particulieres ont été faites pour effectuer le service hivernal. Ces prescriptions seront établies par des directives et normes pour la construction des véhicules porteurs. L'utilisation sur voies publiques est régie par les codes de la route nationaux.
La présente norme ne traite d'aucune prescription pour les dispositifs de démontage (par exemple citernes démontables). Celles-ci sont spécifiées dans d'autres normes.
La présente norme européenne ne traite pas des :
3 machines ou composants qui sont conçus séparément pour le nettoiement des rails tels que balais pour rails ;
3 matériels du service hivernal a conducteur accompagnant ou portatifs ;
3 machines pour la construction des routes du prEN 13524, telles que balais montés a l'avant ;
3 machines pour l'entretien des terrains de sport ;
3 machines pour l'agriculture, l'horticulture et forestieres :
Stroji za storitve zimske službe - Varnostne zahteve
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 13021:2004
01-september-2004
Stroji za storitve zimske službe - Varnostne zahteve
Winter service machines - Safety requirements
Maschinen für den Winterdienst - Sicherheitsanforderungen
Machines pour le service hivernal - Prescriptions de sécurité
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 13021:2003
ICS:
43.160 Vozila za posebne namene Special purpose vehicles
SIST EN 13021:2004 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 13021
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2003
ICS 43.160
English version
Winter service machines - Safety requirements
Machines pour le service hivernal - Prescriptions de Maschinen für den Winterdienst - Sicherheitsanforderungen
sécurité
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 November 2002.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2003 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13021:2003 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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EN 13021:2003 (E)
Contents
page
Foreword. 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope. 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions. 6
4 List of significant hazards. 7
5 Safety requirements and/or measures. 9
5.1 Design as regards handling. 9
5.1.1 Attachment fittings . 9
5.1.2 Locking devices . 9
5.1.3 Elevating equipment . 10
5.1.4 Slewing devices. 10
5.1.5 Disconnectable power and signal-transmitting systems .11
5.1.6 Lashing points for demountable machines. 11
5.2 Controls. 11
5.2.1 General . 11
5.2.2 Controls for spreaders . 12
5.2.3 Controls for snow clearing machines with rotary equipment . 12
5.3 Access, walkways . 12
5.4 Hot surfaces. 12
5.5 Requirements for fluid power systems. 12
5.5.1 Hydraulic systems . 12
5.5.2 Pneumatic systems. 12
5.6 Additional requirements on spreaders . 13
5.6.1 Worm conveyors, chain conveyors, agitator and crushing equipment . 13
5.6.2 Belt conveyors. 13
5.6.3 Spreader distributors. 13
5.6.4 Covers . 13
5.7 Additional requirements for snow clearing machines with rotary equipment . 13
5.7.1 Rotary equipment. 13
5.7.2 Ejectors . 14
5.7.3 Aprons. 14
5.7.4 Aids for clearing snow blockage. 15
5.7.5 Warning signs. 15
5.8 Additional requirements for snow ploughs. 15
5.8.1 Means on snow ploughs for reducing impact caused by driving into solid obstacles. 15
5.8.2 Snow mist protection, snow screen. 15
5.9 Marking of vehicles with attached or mounted machines for winter service . 15
6 Verification. 16
7 Information for use. 16
7.1 Operating and maintenance instructions . 16
7.2 Spare parts list . 17
8 Marking. 17
Annex A (informative) Terminology. 18
Annex B (informative) Truck attachment plate . 23
Annex C (normative) Safety guards on winter service machines . 24
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EN 13021:2003 (E)
Annex D (normative) Warning sign "Warning of danger ahead".26
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship of this document with EU Directives.27
Bibliography .28
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EN 13021:2003 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 13021:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 151 "Construction
equipment and building material machines - Safety", the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by November 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest
by November 2003.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European
Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
Annex A is informative and contains "Terminology", annex B is informative and shows a "Truck attachment plate",
annex C is normative and contains "safety guards on winter service machines" and annex D is normative and
contains "Warning sign — Warning of danger ahead".
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,
Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
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EN 13021:2003 (E)
Introduction
This European Standard is a Type C-standard as stated in EN 292.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the scope of this standard.
1 Scope
This European Standard applies to winter service machines which are defined in clause 3.
This European Standard deals with all significant hazards (see clause 4) identified through a risk assessment
pertinent to winter service machines when they are used as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the
manufacturer. This European Standard does not deal with significant hazards associated with noise and EMC.
This European Standard specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks arising from the
significant hazards associated only with machine operation, setting and adjustments, load discharge and routine
maintenance.
Winter service machines are normally mounted on carrier vehicles (e.g. trucks, tractors, construction machinery
and mobile industrial handling equipment). This European Standard does not cover requirements for the carrier
vehicles even where specific modifications have been made to realise the winter service application. These
requirements will be handled in directives and standards for the construction of carrier vehicles. The use of winter
service machines in public road traffic is governed by national regulations.
This standard does not cover any requirements for demountable bodywork systems (e.g. demountable containers).
These requirements are specified in other standards.
This European Standard does not deal with:
machines or components which are solely designed for clearing rails such as rail sweepers or blowers;
walker-operated and hand-held winter service machines;
highway maintenance machines covered by prEN 13524, such as front-mounted sweepers;
machines for the maintenance of sports grounds;
machines for agriculture, horticulture and forestry;
machines intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres.
This European Standard applies to winter service machines which are manufactured after the date of approval of
the standard by CEN.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated references, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For
dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European
Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the
publication referred to applies (including amendments).
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EN 13021:2003 (E)
EN 292-1:1991, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic terminology,
methodology.
EN 292-2:1991, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2: Technical principles
and specifications.
EN 294, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper limbs.
EN 563, Safety of machinery — Temperatures of touchable surfaces — Ergonomics data to establish temperature
limit values for hot surfaces.
EN 620, Continuous handling equipment and systems — Safety and EMC requirements for fixed belt conveyors for
bulk materials.
EN 953:1996, Safety of machinery — Guards — General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and
movable guards.
EN 982:1996, Safety of machinery — Safety requirements for fluid power systems and there components —
Hydraulics.
EN 983, Safety of machinery — Safety requirements for fluid power systems and there components — Pneumatics.
EN 1070:1998, Safety of machinery — Terminology.
EN ISO 2867, Earth-moving machinery — Access systems (ISO 2867:1994).
ISO 6750, Earth-moving machinery — Operation and maintenance — Format and content of manuals.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 1070 together with the following
apply.
3.1
winter service machines
machines for maintaining traffic areas free of ice and snow during the winter
3.2
snow ploughs
machines with which snow can be cleared from traffic areas by pushing aside with a plough blade
3.3
snow removing machines with rotating tools
machines with which snow can be removed from traffic areas by rotating means, accelerated and ejected by blower
means
3.4
spreaders
machines for defined application of substances to traffic areas to maintain or improve the skid resistance of the
pavement
3.5
traffic areas
paved areas on which there is vehicular and/or pedestrian traffic. Not included are rail tracks which are solely for
rail-mounted traffic, as well as traffic areas inside buildings and underground.
3.6
demountable equipment
equipment that may be demounted from and remounted to the carrier vehicle
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EN 13021:2003 (E)
3.7
operating area
area in which the work procedures are carried out e.g. removal of snow by precutting tools, rotating plough or
blower equipment
3.8
rear area
area at the rear of the vehicle where hazards can occur due to a rearwards movement of the vehicle
3.9
reject ring
cover having the shape of a ring or a disk which is attached to a rotating body (e.g. sidewards of rotary plough tool)
to provide protection against drawing-in or trapping
3.10
lashing point
point or device (e.g. ring device) at the machine or at the demountable equipment which allows its lifting by a
appropriate lifting device
4 List of significant hazards
This clause contains all hazards and hazardous situations, as far as they are dealt with in this European Standard,
identified by risk assessments significant to this type of machinery that require action to eliminate or reduce risk.
Table 1
Hazards Typical location of hazard Relevant
clauses
1 Mechanical hazards (caused for example by:
shape;
relative location;
mass and stability; (potential energy of
elements)
mass and velocity; (kinetic energy of
elements)
inadequacy of mechanical strength
accumulation of potential energy by:
• elastic elements (springs), or
• liquids or gases under pressure or
• vacuum of the machine or parts or
workpieces).
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EN 13021:2003 (E)
Table 1 (continued)
Hazards Typical location of hazard Relevant
clauses
1.1 Crushing hazards 5.1.1
Coupling area of machines
5.1.3
Beneath lifting and lowering machines
and machine parts
5.1.5
Slewing area of machines and machine
parts
5.5.1
Worm conveyors, chain conveyors of
spreaders, agitator and crushing
equipment (access to inner receptacle)
5.5.2
Belt conveyor of spreaders
5.3
Ladders
Slewing area of ejectors
5.6.2
1.2 Shearing hazard Coupling area of machines 5.1.1
Worm conveyors, chain conveyors of 5.5.1
spreaders, agitator and crushing
equipment (access to inner receptacle)
5.1.4
Slewing area of machines and machine
parts
Slewing area of ejectors
5.6.2
1.3 Cutting or severing hazard 5.5.3.1
Spinner disc on spreaders
5.1.3
Beneath lifting and lowering machines
and machine parts
5.1.4
Slewing area of machines and machine
parts
Slewing area of ejectors
5.6.2
5.5.1
1.4 Entanglement hazard Worm conveyors, chain conveyors of
spreaders, agitator and crushing
equipment
Drive and guide rollers of the belt 5.5.2
conveyor of spreaders
Rotary tools
5.6.1
1.5 Drawing-in or trapping hazard 5.5.2
Drive and guide rollers of belt conveyor
of spreaders
5.6.1
Rotary tools
Ejectors on snow clearing machines with 5.6.2
rotary tools
1.6 Impact hazard Impact caused by driving into solid 5.7.1
obstacles with the snow plough
1.7 Ejection of parts (of machinery and 5.6.1
Ejection of solid objects from snow
processed material/ workpieces) 5.6.3
clearing machines with rotary tools
1.8 Loss of stability(of machinery and machine 5.1.5
Supports for machines
parts)
1.9 Slip, trip and fall hazards in relationship with 5.3
Access ladders and walkways
machinery (because of their mechanical
nature)
1.10 High pressure fluid ejection 5.5.1
Power transmission lines
5.5.2
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EN 13021:2003 (E)
Table 1 (concluded)
2 Thermal hazards resulting in:
2.1 burns and scalds, by a possible contact of 5.4
Workstations on machines powered by
persons, by flames or explosions and also by internal combustion engines
the radiation of heat sources
3 Hazards generated by materials and
substances processed, used or exhausted by
machinery for example:
3.1 hazards resulting from contact with or Sprinkle area of thawing solutions 6.1
inhalation of harmful fluids, gases, mists,
fumes and dusts
4 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic
principles in machine design (mismatch of
machinery with human characteristics and
abilities) caused for example by:
4.1 unhealthy postures or excessive efforts Slewable spreader distributors 5.5.3.2
4.2 mental overload or underload, stress etc. 5.7.2
Covering of the windscreen with
5.8.2
snowparticles when using snow ploughs
5 Safety requirements and/or measures
The machines shall comply with the safety requirements and / or measures of this clause. In addition the machines
shall be designed to comply with the requirements of EN 292-1 and EN 292-2 for hazards that are significant but
not dealt with, and for those that are relevant but not significant and therefore are not dealt with in this standard.
For the application of the reference standards EN 563, EN 953, EN 982 and EN 983 which are used in this
standard, the manufacturer shall carry out an adequate risk assessment relating to those requirements for which a
special safety measure or -category is necessary.
NOTE This specific risk assessment should be part of the general risk assessment relating to the hazards not covered by this
standard.
Where the means of reducing the risk is by a safe system of operating the machinery, the manufacturer shall
include in the information for use details of the system and of the elements of training required by the operating
personnel.
5.1 Design as regards handling
5.1.1 Attachment fittings
Attachment fittings on winter service machines shall be designed so that during the actual coupling and de-coupling
action nobody is required to be in the hazard zone between the components concerned.
NOTE This requirement can be satisfied by attachment fittings designed in conformity with annex B (for front fittings by
adapter plates), or with ISO 730-1 in conjunction with ISO 11001 (for front and rear attachments respectively using three-point
linkage).
5.1.2 Locking devices
Mechanical locking devices shall be designed to have positive engagement and to be connected with the machine
so that they can not be lost.
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EN 13021:2003 (E)
5.1.3 Elevating equipment
1)
a) Elevating equipment shall be constructed or designed so that during intended use any lowering of the load is
prevented.
This requirement shall be achieved for example by the provision of:
check valves or similar functions within the control valves of hydraulic or pneumatic lifting equipment; or,
self-locking actuators or automatically engaging latches in arrangement with a ratchet wheel for
mechanical winches; or,
control valves as reverse-flow prevention mechanism. Non-return valves (burst pipe protection) mounted
directly on the lifting cylinder are not necessary unless workmen have to move underneath raised or tilted
2)
machine components as part of working procedure ; or,
other locking devices conforming to 5.1.2.
b) If persons have to enter beneath elevated machines or machine components when used as intended and
under conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (e.g. maintenance, clearing, inspection) it is necessary to
prevent unintended lowering of the elevated parts by providing safeguards, for example, by:
automatically engaging mechanical locking devices; or
pilot check valves integrated into the lifting cylinder; or
mechanical locking devices which are operated from outside of the hazard area.
c) Powered lifting devices shall be equipped to eliminate the possibility of equipment returning in free fall.
In hydraulic or pneumatic systems, this requirement shall be satisfied when the reverse flow is restricted by a
non-return valve or an appropriately sized orifice.
d) Access to safeguards against return and free fall of lifting means shall be possible only with the use of tools.
e) Demountable attachments and equipment shall be so designed and constructed that they can be mounted and
dismounted safely.
Powered systems shall incorporate a suitable form of synchronisation of the individual lifting elements of a
lowering device. Where lifting elements are controlled independently of each other, each shall be provided with
an interlock (e.g. shut-off valve on the hydraulic cylinder). Manually actuated lifting systems shall select the
pitch of the spindle thread such that it is self-locking in every spindle position.
f) The manufacturer shall include in the information for use details of the safe working practices to be observed
and the elements of training to be provided to the operators.
5.1.4 Slewing devices
Moving and slewing shall be by a controlled movement.
Unintentional movements of slewing devices and uncontrolled movements of components of winter service
machines shall be prevented.
1
)
Accidental lowering is when a load runs back or descends because of an interruption or an irregularity in the energy supply.
2)
The term "as part of working procedure" does not cover repair work.
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EN 13021:2003 (E)
Mechanical locks or appropriate valves in hydraulic or pneumatic actuated systems may be used to achieve a
controlled movement.
5.1.5 Support equipment for machines and components
Supporting means shall be designed and positioned or be able to be positioned so that the machine can be safely
supported on level, stable ground.
Supporting means shall be connected to the machine by means of positive engagement.
The distance between the support legs shall be dimensioned to permit safe movements of the carrier vehicle during
the mounting and demounting process.
Where the supporting means cannot carry the gross overall weight of the demounted machine (structural weight
plus effective load) it shall be clearly marked with the maximum load which can be supported. Warning signs shall
be fixed visible to the operator drawing attention to the need to check that the load to be supported does not
exceed the maximum load which can be supported.
Supporting means employed for moving the machinery when demounted shall be fitted with equipment that
prevents any unintentional movement in the unattended condition.
The manufacturer shall provide advice on safe working practices for the use of the supporting means in the
information for use.
5.1.6 Disconnectable power and signal-transmitting systems
Disconnectable power and signal-transmitting systems shall be provided with suitable connecting elements
appropriate to their operating environment. Disconnectable hydraulic fluid power systems shall be provided with
suitable, self-sealing coupling elements. If several coupling elements are grouped in a location, it shall be ensured
that incorrect connections do not give rise to a hazardous situation. This can be achieved e.g. by providing non-
interchangeable connections or by using unambiguous, permanent markings.
5.1.7 Lashing points for demountable machines
Lashing points shall be provided for the safe fastening down of demountable machines. These can also be in the
form of construction parts of the machine.
Appropriate instructions which also include specifications on suitable means of lashing and for compatibility with the
carrier vehicle shall be given by the manufacturer in the information for use.
5.2 Controls
5.2.1 General
a) Controls for elevating and slewing movements shall be designed so that they automatically return to zero
position when released. This does not apply to mechanisms that necessitate a float or pressure position for
their function and also does not apply to continuously operating mechanisms such as hydraulic motors etc.
b) Controls for hazardous movements of elevating, lowering and swivel devices shall be protected against
unintentional operation.
This is accomplished, for example by:
guards;
mechanical locking;
locking through key-operated switch.
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EN 13021:2003 (E)
5.2.2 Controls for spreaders
Controls for adjusting the amount and width of spreading shall be positioned outside the operating area (hazard
zone).
This requirement can be satisfied when spreaders are controlled by remote control from the cab.
5.2.3 Controls for snow clearing machines with rotary equipment
5.2.3.1 It shall be possible to stop the rotary plough or blower equipment without stopping the drive motor by
means of a disengageable clutch between the equipment and the motor, or a braking device. It shall be possible to
secure this device to prevent an unintentional re-start.
5.2.3.2 Controls for starting and stopping rotary equipment and for adjusting ejector equipment shall be
positioned so that the operator is neither endangered by the ejected material nor by moving parts of the equipment.
This requirement shall be achieved for example:
by controls mounted remote from the danger zone; or,
by adjustable mechanical controls for attached machines which shall be easily and safely reached by the
operator in every position of the machine.
5.3 Access, walkways
Hinged parts of ladders shall be designed with clearances so that trapping or shear risks are eliminated during
movement.
Hinged parts that can be raised to an upper position shall be positively locked in that position.
Where equipment requiring regular access and walking on is away or inaccessible from the ground level, access
ladders, walkways and standing areas complying with EN ISO 2867 shall be provided.
The bottom step or rung of a ladder shall not be more than 650 mm away from the ground level.
The steps / rungs shall be at least 250 mm wide.
5.4 Hot surfaces
Temperatures of surfaces of machinery with which the operator may come into contact shall conform to EN 563.
This shall be achieved by the use of guards (e.g. perforated plates placed in front of or around the hot surfaces) or
be positioned to avoid unintended
...
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