SIST EN 14210:2004
(Main)Surface active agents - Determination of interfacial tension of solutions of surface active agents by the stirrup or ring method
Surface active agents - Determination of interfacial tension of solutions of surface active agents by the stirrup or ring method
This European Standard specifies test methods for the determination of interfacial tension in the range from 4 mN/m to 50 mN/m between two immiscible liquids which can also be free from surface active agents.
It is particularly suitable for determining the interfacial tension between water or aqueous solutions and organic liquids which are immiscible with water.
Grenzflächenaktive Stoffe - Bestimmung der Grenzflächenspannung von grenzflächenaktiven Lösungen mittels Bügel- oder Ringverfahren
Anwendungsbereich
Diese Europäische Norm legt Verfahren zur Messung der Grenzflächenspannung im Bereich von 4 mN/m bis 50 mN/m zwischen zwei nicht mischbaren Flüssigkeiten, die auch frei von grenzflächenaktiven Stoffen sein können, fest.
Die Messverfahren eignen sich insbesondere zur Bestimmung der Grenzflächenspannung zwischen Wasser oder wässrigen Lösungen und organischen Flüssigkeiten, die mit Wasser nicht mischbar sind.
Agents de surface - Détermination de la tension interfaciale des solution d'agents de surface par la méthode a l'anneau ou l'étrier
Domaine d'application
La présente Norme européenne spécifie des méthodes d'essai pour la détermination de la tension interfaciale dans le domaine de 4 mN/m a 50 mN/m entre deux liquides non miscibles qui peuvent également etre exempts d'agents de surface.
Površinsko aktivne snovi - Določevanje površinske napetosti raztopin površinsko aktivnih snovi z metodo zanke
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Surface active agents - Determination of interfacial tension of solutions of surface active agents by the stirrup or ring methodAgents de surface - Détermination de la tension interfaciale des solution d'agents de surface par la méthode a l'anneau ou l'étrierGrenzflächenaktive Stoffe - Bestimmung der Grenzflächenspannung von grenzflächenaktiven Lösungen mittels Bügel- oder Ringverfahren71.100.40Površinsko aktivna sredstvaSurface active agentsICS:SIST EN 14210:2004enTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14210:200301-februar-2004SIST EN 14210:2004SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 14210December 2003ICS 71.100.40English versionSurface active agents - Determination of interfacial tension ofsolutions of surface active agents by the stirrup or ring methodAgents de surface - Détermination de la tension interfacialedes solution d'agents de surface par la méthode à l'anneauou l'étrierGrenzflächenaktive Stoffe - Bestimmung derGrenzflächenspannung von grenzflächenaktiven Lösungenmittels Bügel- oder RingverfahrenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 October 2003.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2003 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14210:2003 E
EN 14210:2003 (E)2ContentspageForeword.31Scope.42Principle.43Apparatus.44Preparation of apparatus.75Procedure.76Expression of results.87Precision.128Test report.12Bibliography.13
EN 14210:2003 (E)3ForewordThis document EN 14210:2003 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 276 “Surface active agents”,the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by June 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest byJune 2004.This document includes a Bibliography.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard : Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
EN 14210:2003 (E)41 ScopeThis European Standard specifies test methods for the determination of interfacial tension in the range from4 mN/m to 50 mN/m between two immiscible liquids which can also be free from surface active agents.It is particularly suitable for determining the interfacial tension between water or aqueous solutions and organicliquids which are immiscible with water.2 PrincipleThe maximum force, F, necessary to pull or to force a stirrup or ring of length, l, out of the interface between twoliquids in the direction of the nonaqueous phase is measured. The interfacial tension, , is obtained by calculationwhere the following approximate equation (1) serves as base:lF2
=g(1)3 Apparatus3.1 Tensiometer3.1.1GeneralThe tensiometer shall be designed for use with a stirrup or ring and shall consist essentially of the parts specifiedin 3.1.2 and 3.1.3.3.1.2Dynamometer (e.g. torsion balance or inductive force transducer), capable for reading off the force to thenearest 0,1 mN/m over the effective length of the stirrup or ring.3.1.3Support for the measuring vessel, consisting of a horizontal platform which can be moved vertically upand down, e.g. with the aid of a precision drive.3.2 StirrupThe stirrup shall consist of platinum/iridium wire with a test wire diameter of 0,1 mm and a length of 20 mmto 40 mm. The length of the two branches shall be about 20 mm. Two small platinum balls can be attached to thelower ends of the branches as counterweights or, alternatively, the lower ends of the branches can be joined by aplatinum wire (see Figure 1 as an example).
EN 14210:2003 (E)5Dimensions in millimetresFigure 1 — Stirrup for measuring interfacial tensionNOTEThe stirrup specified in EN 14370 for measuring the surface tension is identical with that one shown in Figure 1,except for the lengths of the measuring wire and the branches.3.3 RingThe ring shall consist of a platinum or platinum/iridium wire with a thickness less than or equal to 0,4 mm and amean circumference of 60 mm. By means of a wire stirrup, it shall be attached in a horizontal position to a metalrod forming the link to the tensiometer (see Figure 2 as an example).
EN 14210:2003 (E)6Dimensions in millimetresKey1Metal rod2Wire loop3RingFigure 2 — Ring for measuring interfacial tensionNOTEThe ring specified in EN 14370 for measuring the surface tension is identical with that one shown in Figure 2.3.4 Sample vesselThe sample vessel for the liquid under test shall be a glass vessel which is suitable for use in a thermostat. It shallhave a sufficient capacity for the liquid which, if necessary, shall be protected from evaporation. It shall beconstructed such that the temperature of the gas phase above the liquid can also be kept constant by thermostat.There is no need to use a thermostat for measurement at room temperature. The sample vessel shall consist of acylindrical glass container with an internal diameter of at least 45 mm for use with the ring method or stirrupmethod.NOTEIf a vessel of less than 45 mm diameter needs to be used (for example, if only small amounts of sample areavailable), wall effects can cause an error in the interfacial tension measurement. The magnitude of this error depends on thedistance between the wall of the vessel and the edge of the ring or stirrup.
EN 14210:2003 (E)74 Preparation of apparatus4.1 CleaningClean the glass vessels carefully, first by thorough preliminary cleaning using a suitable solvent, for examplepropan-2-ol or propanone. Then rinse them repeatedly with freshly double distilled water and dry them. Clean andrinse the stirrups or rings in the same manner, and then heat them briefly to incandescence in a methanol orethanol flame (the latter may be preferred since it has a low vapour pressure and higher flash point), preferably anon-luminous natural gas flame, ensuring they are only heated to red heat and never to white heat.NOTEShould the stirrups or rings become contaminated with residues, for example from silicones or cationic surfaceactive agents, it can be preferable to clean with a sulfo-chromic acid mixture or as specified in ISO 6889.4.2 Measurement preparationDouble-distilled water or water of equivalent purity shall be used to prepare any aqueous solution required for thetest.The temperature of the liquids shall be kept constant to the nearest 0,5 °C during the measurement. Themeasurement temperature chosen shall be an appropriate one for the objective of a particular test. Measurements atroom temperature present the fewest problems.The interfacial tension changes with time and can be affected by the chemical nature of a surface active agent, itsconcentration, whether it is dissolved in the upper or lower phase, its adsorptive capacity and its adsorption rateduring the change. So it is not possible to specify an appropriate time for starting the measurements. Therefore,several measurements of the interfacial tension as a function of time and, consequently, of the age of the interfaceshall be performed. After a time which is characteristic for every system, no further changes are observed in theinterfacial tension since an equilibrium state is established. It is advantageous to use commercially available,automat
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