SIST EN 17035:2022
(Main)Surface active agents - Bio-based surfactants - Requirements and test methods
Surface active agents - Bio-based surfactants - Requirements and test methods
This document sets out requirements for bio-based surfactants in terms of properties, limits, application classes and test methods. It establishes the characteristics and details for assessment of bio-based surfactants as to whether they:
— are fit for purpose in terms of performance related properties;
— comply with the requirements regarding the health, safety and environment which apply to general surfactants;
— are derived from a certain minimum percentage of biomass; and
— comply with at least similar sustainability criteria as comparable (non-bio-based) surfactants.
The criteria of the regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) [11] also apply to bio-based surfactants.
NOTE EN 16575 defines the term “bio-based” as derived from biomass and clarifies that “bio-based” does not imply “biodegradable”. In addition, “biodegradable” does not necessarily imply the use of “bio-based” material.
Grenzflächenaktive Stoffe - Bio-basierte Tenside - Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
Dieses Dokument legt die Anforderungen für biobasierte Tenside in Bezug auf die Eigenschaften, Grenzen, Anwendungsklassen und Prüfverfahren fest. Es legt die Merkmale und Details zur Bewertung biobasierter Tenside fest, um zu bewerten ob diese:
- im Hinblick auf die leistungsbezogenen Eigenschaften geeignet sind;
- mit den Anforderungen in Bezug auf Gesundheit, Sicherheit und Umwelt übereinstimmen, die für allgemeine oberflächenaktive Substanzen gelten;
- von einer bestimmten Mindest-Prozentzahl Biomasse abgeleitet sind;
- zumindest ähnliche Nachhaltigkeitskriterien einhalten wie vergleichbare oberflächenaktive (nicht biobasierte) Substanzen.
Die Kriterien für die Regulierung bezüglich Registrierung, Bewertung, Zulassung und Beschränkung von Chemikalien (REACH) [13] gelten auch für biobasierte Tenside.
ANMERKUNG EN 16575 definiert die Bezeichnung „biobasiert“ als abgeleitet von Biomasse und macht deutlich, dass „biobasiert“ nicht „biologisch abbaubar“ impliziert. Zusätzlich impliziert „biologisch abbaubar“ nicht unbedingt die Verwendung von „biobasiertem“ Material.
Agents de surface - Tensioactifs biosourcés - Exigences et méthodes d'essais
Le présent document définit les exigences relatives aux propriétés, aux limites, aux classes d'application et aux méthodes d'essai concernant les agents tensioactifs biosourcés. Il fixe les caractéristiques et les informations permettant d'évaluer les agents tensioactifs biosourcés au regard des critères suivants :
- aptitude à l'emploi du point de vue des propriétés en rapport avec les performances ;
- conformité aux exigences en matière de santé, de sécurité et d'environnement, applicables aux agents tensioactifs en général ;
- origine : pourcentage minimal donné de biomasse dont ils sont issus ;
- conformité à des critères de durabilité au moins similaires à ceux d'agents tensioactifs (non biosourcés) comparables.
Les critères du règlement concernant l'enregistrement, l'évaluation et l'autorisation des substances chimiques, ainsi que les restrictions applicables à ces substances (REACH) [13], s'appliquent aussi aux agents tensioactifs biosourcés.
NOTE La définition du terme « biosourcé » dans l'EN 16575 est « issu de la biomasse ». Il est à préciser que le terme « biosourcé » n'est pas synonyme de « biodégradable », la notion de « biodégradabilité » n'impliquant pas nécessairement, par ailleurs, l'utilisation de matière « biosourcée ».
Površinsko aktivne snovi - Površinsko aktivne snovi na biološki osnovi - Zahteve in preskusne metode
Ta dokument podaja zahteve za lastnosti, omejitve, razrede uporab in preskusne metode površinsko aktivnih snovi na biološki osnovi. Določa lastnosti in podrobnosti za oceno površinsko aktivnih snovi na biološki osnovi glede na to, ali so:
– primerne za uporabo glede na zmogljivostne lastnosti;
– skladne z zdravstvenimi, varnostnimi in okoljskimi zahtevami, ki se uporabljajo za splošne površinsko aktivne snovi;
– pridobljene iz določenega najmanjšega deleža biomase; ter
– skladne vsaj z merili podobne trajnosti kot primerljive površinsko aktivne snovi (ne na biološki osnovi).
Za površinsko aktivne snovi na biološki osnovi se uporabljajo tudi merila Uredbe o registraciji, evalvaciji, avtorizaciji in omejevanju kemikalij (REACH) [11].
OPOMBA: Standard EN 16575 opredeljuje izraz »na biološki osnovi« kot pridobljen iz biomase in pojasnjuje, da »na biološki osnovi« ne pomeni »biološko razgradljiv«. Poleg tega izraz »biološko razgradljiv« ne pomeni nujno, da je uporabljeni material »na biološki osnovi«.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 17035:2022
01-januar-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST-TS CEN/TS 17035:2018
Površinsko aktivne snovi - Površinsko aktivne snovi na biološki osnovi - Zahteve
in preskusne metode
Surface active agents - Bio-based surfactants - Requirements and test methods
Grenzflächenaktive Stoffe - Bio-basierte Tenside - Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
Agents de surface - Tensioactifs biosourcés - Exigences et méthodes d'essais
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 17035:2021
ICS:
13.020.55 Biološki izdelki Biobased products
71.100.40 Površinsko aktivna sredstva Surface active agents
SIST EN 17035:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 17035:2022
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SIST EN 17035:2022
EN 17035
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 71.100.40 Supersedes CEN/TS 17035:2017
English Version
Surface active agents - Bio-based surfactants -
Requirements and test methods
Agents de surface - Tensioactifs biosourcés - Exigences Grenzflächenaktive Stoffe - Bio-basierte Tenside -
et méthodes d'essais Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 June 2020.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 17035:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 17035:2022
EN 17035:2021 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Generalities on surfactants. 7
5 Performance of surfactants . 8
5.1 Generalities related to performance . 8
5.2 Technical performance properties . 8
5.2.1 General . 8
5.2.2 Chemical composition . 8
5.2.3 Solubility . 9
5.2.4 Surface and interfacial tension . 9
5.2.5 Foaming power . 9
5.2.6 Wetting performance . 9
5.2.7 Emulsion power . 10
6 Health, safety and environmental requirements . 10
7 Bio-based content . 10
7.1 Generalities . 10
7.2 Surfactant classification . 11
7.3 Analytical approach . 12
8 Sustainability . 12
9 End of life . 12
10 Declaration and product labelling . 13
Annex A (informative) Sub-sampling procedure . 14
Bibliography . 15
2
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SIST EN 17035:2022
EN 17035:2021 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 17035:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 276 “Surface
active agents”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2022, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by March 2022.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CEN/TS 17035:2017.
The new edition integrates the recommendations for sub-sampling procedure and clarifies the
procedure to analyse bio-based content for not pure compound and in an aqueous solution.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
This document has been prepared under Mandate M/491 [12] of the European Commission, addressed
to CEN for the development of European standards for solvents and surfactants in relation to bio-based
product aspects. It has been prepared by CEN/TC 276/WG 3 “Bio-surfactants”, the secretariat of which
is held by AFNOR.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
3
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SIST EN 17035:2022
EN 17035:2021 (E)
Introduction
Bio-based raw materials have been used for millennia in the manufacture of surfactants, e.g. the first
surfactant used by mankind, was already completely bio-based – soap. With the advent of modern
th
surfactants in the early 20 Century, petrochemical-based raw materials also became of interest. They
offered the opportunity to tune the surfactant properties, in a broader sense, to their various
applications.
The last decades have seen the emergence of new bio-based raw materials for surfactants. Some of the
reasons for the increased interest lie in the bio-based products’ potential benefits in relation to the
depletion of fossil resources and climate change.
Acknowledging the need for common standards for bio-based products, the European Commission
1)
issued Mandate M/492 , resulting in a series of standards developed by CEN/TC 411, with a focus on
bio-based products other than food, feed and biomass for energy applications.
The standards of CEN/TC 411 “Bio-based products” provide a common basis on the following aspects:
2)
— common terminology ;
— bio-based content determination;
3)
— Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) ;
4)
— sustainability aspects ;
— declaration tools.
It is important to understand what the term “bio-based product” covers and how it is being used. The
term “bio-based” means “derived wholly or partly from biomass”. It is essential to characterize the
amount of biomass contained in the product by, for instance, its (total) bio-based content or bio-based
carbon content.
The bio-based content of a product itself does not provide information on its environmental impact or
sustainability, which may be assessed through Life Cycle Inventory (LCI), LCA and sustainability
criteria. In addition, transparent and unambiguous communication within bio-based value chains is
facilitated by a harmonized framework for certification and declaration.
Breaking down the horizontal standards to bio-based products like bio-based surfactants, the European
Commission issued Mandate M/491 [12], resulting in standards developed by CEN/TC 276. This
document has been developed with the aim to fulfil part of the Mandate to describe the technical
requirements of bio-based surfactants. The criteria for “bio-based surfactants” published in this
document are complementary to the horizontal standards by CEN/TC 411.
1) A mandate is a standardization task embedded in European trade laws. The M/492 Mandate is addressed to
the European standardization bodies, i.e. CEN, CENELEC and ETSI, for the development of horizontal
European standards for bio-based products. The M/491 Mandate is addressed to the development of
European standards for bio-solvents and bio-surfactants.
2) EN 16575.
3) EN 16760.
4) EN 16751.
4
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SIST EN 17035:2022
EN 17035:2021 (E)
Surfactants are products which have the ability to reduce interfacial/surface tension, wet surfaces,
suspend materials or emulsify oils and fats. In Europe, thousands of producers, manufacturers and
nearly every inhabitant use surfactants every day in consumer or industrial applications. The
surfactant-producing industry is composed of mainly multinationals. Downstream users are found in
multinationals as well as SME's.
Surfactants may be produced from both fossil and renewable carbon feedstock (ref. EN 16575 -
vocabulary). The amount of crude oil used for surfactant production is, however, low with less than 1 %
of the total world's crude oil consumption.
Finally, the approach for these Technical Reports/Specifications/Standards intends to strengthen and
harmonize the reputation of “bio-based surfactants” and the confidence of the customer in this product
group.
An overview and considerations for the compilation of this document can be found in CEN/TR 17557
[1]. It will describe existing raw material sources with regard to their current usage in surfactants, their
source identification and conformation, and the options for communication same. It should also include
the current work on surfactants regarding their performances, their sustainability, the LCA approaches
and end of life options.
5
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SIST EN 17035:2022
EN 17035:2021 (E)
1 Scope
This document sets requirements for bio-based surfactants in terms of properties, limits, application
classes and test methods. It lays down the characteristics and details for assessment of bio-based
surfactants as to whether they:
— are fit for purpose in terms of performance related properties;
— comply with the requirements regarding the health, safety and environment which apply to general
surfactants;
— are derived from a certain minimum percentage of biomass;
— comply with at least similar sustainability criteria as comparable (non-bio-based) surfactants.
The criteria of the regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals
(REACH) [13] also apply to bio-based surfactants.
NOTE EN 16575 defines the term “bio-based” as derived from biomass and clarifies that “bio-based” does not
imply “biodegradable”. In addition, “biodegradable” does not necessarily imply the use of “bio-based” material.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 14210, Surface active agents - Determination of interfacial tension of solutions of surface active agents
by the stirrup or ring method
EN 14370, Surface active agents - Determination of surface tension
EN 16640, Bio-based products - Bio-based carbon content - Determination of the bio-based carbon content
using the radiocarbon method
EN 16575, Bio-based products - Vocabulary
EN 16751, Bio-based products - Sustainability criteria
EN 16760, Bio-based products - Life Cycle Assessment
EN 16785-1, Bio-based products - Bio-based content - Part 1: Determination of the bio-based content
using the radiocarbon analysis and elemental analysis
EN 16785-2, Bio-based products - Bio-based content - Part 2: Determination of the bio-based content
using the material balance method
EN ISO 14040, Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles and framework
(ISO 14040)
EN ISO 14044, Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guidelines
(ISO 14044)
6
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SIST EN 17035:2022
EN 17035:2021 (E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 16575 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
surfactant
organic substance possessing surface activity which, dissolved in a liquid, particularly water, lowers the
surface or interfacial tension, by preferred adsorption at the liquid/vapour surface, or other interfaces
Note 1 to entry: “Substance” as defined in REACH [12].
[SOURCE: EN ISO 862:1995, Definition 1, modified — The term originally defined was “surface active
agent” and “a chemical compound” is replaced here with “organic substance” at the beginning of the
definition.]
3.2
bio-based surfactant
surfactant wholly or partly derived from biomass (based on biogenic carbon)
3.3
bio-surfactant
surfactant wholly based on biomass (based on biogenic carbon) produced either by chemical or
biotechnological processing
3.4
degradation
transformation of a compound into smaller component parts due to the physico-chemical processes,
which can occur due to abiotic processes such as oxidation and UV adsorption
3.5
biodegradation
transformation of a compound into smaller component parts by means of biological processes
3.6
ultimate biodegradation
breakdown of organic matter by micro-organisms in the presence of oxygen to carbon dioxide, water
and mineral salts of any other elements present (mineralization) or in absence of oxygen to carbon
dioxide, methane and mineral salts, and in both cases the production of new biomass
4 Generalities on surfactants
Surfactants are products which have the ability to reduce interfacial/surface tension, wet surfaces,
suspend materials, or emulsify oils and fats. They make it possible to process, apply, clean or separate
materials. Surfactants are widely used in consumer and professional products and for industrial
applications. Surfactants are typically used on their own or in combination with other surfactants and
other agents to fulfil the requirements of the respective applications.
7
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SIST EN 17035:2022
EN 17035:2021 (E)
Examples of applications for surfactants are:
— cleaning agent;
— foaming/defoaming agent;
— wetting agent;
— emulsifier;
— viscosity modifier;
— surface tension reducer;
— process aid;
— fabric softener.
NOTE For many applications to perform effectively, surfactants are essential (see for examples the website of
the TEGEWA e.V. (TExtilhilfsmittel” (textile auxiliaries), “GErbstoffe” (tanning agents) and “WAschrohstoffe”
5)
(detergent raw materials)) .
5 Performance of surfactants
5.1 Generalities related to performance
Performance and properties of any molecule, including surfactants, is determined by its chemical
structure and not by the origin of its raw materials.
This section gives a common set of technical properties characterizing the performance of surfactants
including bio-based surfactants. Due to the absence of international surfactant specification standards,
it is necessary to provide to potential users the means to qualify the bio-based surfactant products,
especially for its technical performance. Additionally, there are a number of other factors which will
determine the acceptance of a surfactant such as the Health, Safety and Environmental properties which
are treated in another section of this document.
Surfactants are used in such a wide variety of applications that it is not convenient to evaluate
separately their performance with respect to each application. Therefore, a practical approach is to
define a set of measurable surfactant properties which enable technical speci
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 17035:2018
01-oktober-2018
Površinsko aktivne snovi - Površinsko aktivne snovi na biološki osnovi - Zahteve
in preskusne metode
Surface Active Agents - Bio-based surfactants - Requirements and test methods
Grenzflächenaktive Stoffe - Bio-basierte Tenside - Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
$JHQWVGHVXUIDFH7HQVLRDFWLIVELRVRXUFpV([LJHQFHVHWPpWKRGHVG
HVVDLV
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 17035
ICS:
13.020.55 Biološki izdelki Biobased products
71.100.40 Površinsko aktivna sredstva Surface active agents
oSIST prEN 17035:2018 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 17035:2018
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oSIST prEN 17035:2018
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 17035
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2018
ICS 71.100.40 Will supersede CEN/TS 17035:2017
English Version
Surface Active Agents - Bio-based surfactants -
Requirements and test methods
Agents de surface - Tensioactifs biosourcés - Exigences Grenzflächenaktive Stoffe - Bio-basierte Tenside -
et méthodes d'essais Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 276.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 17035:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 17035:2018
prEN 17035:2018 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Generalities on surfactants. 8
5 Performance of surfactants . 8
5.1 Generalities related to performance . 8
5.2 Technical performance properties . 9
5.2.1 General . 9
5.2.2 Chemical composition . 9
5.2.3 Solubility . 9
5.2.4 Surface and interfacial tension . 9
5.2.5 Foaming power . 9
5.2.6 Wetting performance . 10
5.2.7 Emulsion power . 10
6 Health, safety and environmental requirements . 10
7 Bio-based content . 10
7.1 Generalities . 10
7.2 Surfactant classification . 11
7.3 Analytical approach . 12
8 Sustainability . 12
9 End of life . 12
10 Declaration and product labelling . 13
Annex A (informative) Sub-sampling procedure . 14
Bibliography . 15
2
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oSIST prEN 17035:2018
prEN 17035:2018 (E)
European foreword
This document (prEN 17035:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 276 “Surface
active agents”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede CEN/TS 17035:2017.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
This document has been prepared under Mandate M/491 [12] of the European Commission, addressed
to CEN for the development of European Standards for solvents and surfactants in relation to bio-based
product aspects. It has been prepared by CEN/TC 276/WG 3 “Bio-surfactants”, the secretariat of which
is held by AFNOR.
3
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 17035:2018
prEN 17035:2018 (E)
Introduction
Bio-based raw materials have been used for millennia in the manufacture of surfactants, e.g. the first
surfactant used by mankind, was already completely bio-based – soap. With the advent of modern
th
surfactants in the early 20 Century, petrochemical-based raw materials also became of interest. They
offered the opportunity to tune the surfactant properties, in a broader sense, to their various
applications.
The last decades have seen the emergence of new bio-based raw materials for surfactants. Some of the
reasons for the increased interest lie in the bio-based products’ potential benefits in relation to the
depletion of fossil resources and climate change.
Acknowledging the need for common standards for bio-based products, the European Commission
1)
issued Mandate M/492 , resulting in a series of standards developed by CEN/TC 411, with a focus on
bio-based products other than food, feed and biomass for energy applications.
The standards of CEN/TC 411 “Bio-based products” provide a common basis on the following aspects:
2)
— common terminology ;
— bio-based content determination;
3)
— Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) ;
4)
— sustainability aspects ;
— declaration tools.
It is important to understand what the term “bio-based product” covers and how it is being used. The
term “bio-based” means “derived wholly or partly from biomass”. It is essential to characterize the
amount of biomass contained in the product by, for instance, its (total) bio-based content or bio-based
carbon content.
The bio-based content of a product itself does not provide information on its environmental impact or
sustainability, which may be assessed through Life Cycle Inventory (LCI), LCA and sustainability
criteria. In addition, transparent and unambiguous communication within bio-based value chains is
facilitated by a harmonized framework for certification and declaration.
Breaking down the horizontal standards to bio-based products like bio-based surfactants, the European
Commission issued Mandate M/491 [12], resulting in standards developed by CEN/TC 276. This
European Standard has been developed with the aim to fulfil part of the Mandate to describe the
technical requirements of bio-based surfactants. The criteria for “bio-based surfactants” published in
this European Standard are complementary to the horizontal standards by CEN/TC 411.
1) A mandate is a standardization task embedded in European trade laws. The M/492 Mandate is addressed to
the European Standardization bodies, i.e. CEN, CENELEC and ETSI, for the development of horizontal European
Standards for bio-based products. The M/491 Mandate is addressed to the development of European Standards
for bio-solvents and bio-surfactants.
2) EN 16575.
3) EN 16760.
4) EN 16751.
4
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oSIST prEN 17035:2018
prEN 17035:2018 (E)
Surfactants are products which have the ability to reduce interfacial/surface tension, wet surfaces,
suspend materials or emulsify oils and fats. In Europe, thousands of producers, manufacturers and
nearly every inhabitant use surfactants every day in consumer or industrial applications. The
surfactant-producing industry is composed of mainly multinationals. Downstream users are found in
multinationals as well as SME's.
Surfactants may be produced from both fossil and renewable carbon feedstock (ref. EN 16575 -
vocabulary). The amount of crude oil used for surfactant production is, however, low with less than 1 %
of the total world's crude oil consumption.
Finally, the approach for these Technical Reports/Specifications/Standards intends to strengthen and
harmonize the reputation of “bio-based surfactants” and the confidence of the customer in this product
group.
An overview and considerations for the compilation of this European Standard can be found in the WI
276071 [1]. It will describe existing raw material sources with regard to their current usage in surface
active agents, their source identification and conformation, and the options for communication same. It
should also include the current work on surfactants regarding their performances, their sustainability,
the LCA approaches and end of life options.
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1 Scope
This European Standard sets requirements for bio-based surfactants in terms of properties, limits,
application classes and test methods. It lays down the characteristics and details for assessment of bio-
based surfactants as to whether they:
— are fit for purpose in terms of performance related properties;
— comply with the requirements regarding the health, safety and environment which apply to general
surfactants;
— are derived from a certain minimum percentage of biomass; and
— comply with at least similar sustainability criteria as comparable (non-bio-based) surfactants.
The criteria of the regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals
(REACH) [11] also apply to bio-based surfactants.
NOTE EN 16575 defines the term “bio-based” as derived from biomass and clarifies that “bio-based” does not
imply “biodegradable”. In addition, “biodegradable” does not necessarily imply the use of “bio-based” material.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1772, Surface active agents — Determination of wetting power by immersion (ISO 8022:1990
modified)
EN 1890, Surface active agents — Determination of cloud point of non-ionic surface active agents
obtained by condensation of ethylene oxide
EN 12458, Surface active agents — Determination of stability in hard water
EN 12728, Surface active agents — Determination of foaming power — Perforated disc beating method
EN 13996, Surface active agents — Foaming power and antifoaming power — Turbine stirring method
EN 14210, Surface active agents — Determination of interfacial tension of solutions of surface active
agents by the stirrup or ring method
EN 14370, Surface active agents — Determination of surface tension
EN 14371, Surface active agents — Determination of foamability and degree of foamability — Circulation
test method
EN 16640, Bio-based products — Bio-based carbon content — Determination of the bio-based carbon
content using the radiocarbon method
EN 16575, Bio-based products — Vocabulary
EN 16751, Bio-based products — Sustainability criteria
EN 16760, Bio-based products — Life Cycle Assessment
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EN 16785-1, Bio-based products — Bio-based content — Part 1: Determination of the bio-based content
using the radiocarbon analysis and elemental analysis
EN 16785-2, Bio-based products — Bio-based content — Part 2: Determination of the bio-based content
using the material balance method
EN ISO 14040, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Principles and framework (ISO
14040)
EN ISO 14044, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines (ISO
14044)
DIN 53902, Testing of surface active agents; determination of foaming power, modified Ross-Miles-method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 16575 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
surfactant
organic substance possessing surface activity which, dissolved in a liquid, particularly water, lowers the
surface or interfacial tension, by preferred adsorption at the liquid/vapour surface, or other interfaces
Note 1 to entry: “Substance” as defined in REACH [12].
[SOURCE: EN ISO 862:1995, Definition 1, modified — The term originally defined was “surface active
agent” and “a chemical compound” is replaced here with “organic substance” at the beginning of the
definition.]
3.2
bio-based surfactant
surfactant wholly or partly derived from biomass (based on biogenic carbon)
3.3
bio-surfactant
surfactant wholly based on biomass (based on biogenic carbon) produced either by chemical or
biotechnological processing
3.4
degradation
transformation of a compound into smaller component parts due to the physico-chemical processes,
which can occur due to abiotic processes such as oxidation and UV adsorption
3.5
biodegradation
transformation of a compound into smaller component parts by means of biological processes
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3.6
ultimate biodegradation
breakdown of organic matter by micro-organisms in the presence of oxygen to carbon dioxide, water
and mineral salts of any other elements present (mineralization) or in absence of oxygen to carbon
dioxide, methane and mineral salts, and in both cases the production of new biomass
4 Generalities on surfactants
Surfactants are products which have the ability to reduce interfacial/surface tension, wet surfaces,
suspend materials, or emulsify oils and fats. They make it possible to process, apply, clean or separate
materials. Surfactants are widely used in consumer and professional products and for industrial
applications. Surfactants are typically used on their own or in combination with other surfactants and
other agents to fulfil the requirements of the respective applications.
Examples of applications for surfactants are:
— cleaning agent;
— foaming/defoaming agent;
— wetting agent;
— emulsifier;
— viscosity modifier;
— surface tension reducer;
— process aid;
— fabric softener.
NOTE For many applications to perform effectively, surfactants are essential (see for examples the website of
the TEGEWA e.V. (TExtilhilfsmittel” (textile auxiliaries), “GErbstoffe” (tanning agents) and “WAschrohstoffe”
5)
(detergent raw materials)) .
5 Performance of surfactants
5.1 Generalities related to performance
Performance and properties of any molecule, including surfactants, is determined by its chemical
structure and not by the origin of its raw materials.
This section gives a common set of technical properties characterizing the performance of surfactants
including bio-based surfactants. Due to the absence of international surfactant specification standards,
it is necessary to provide to potential users the means to qualify the bio-based surfactant products,
especially for its technical performance. Additionally, there are a number of other factors which will
determine the acceptance of a surfactant such as the Health, Safety and Environmental properties which
are treated in another section of this document.
Surfactants are used in such a wide variety of applications that it is not convenient to evaluate
separately their performance with respect to each application. Therefore, a practical approach is to
5) See www.tegewa.de for a more detailed brochure about typical use of surfactants.
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