SIST EN 61952:2004
(Main)Insulators for overhead lines - Composite line post insulators for alternative current with a nominal voltage > 1 000 V
Insulators for overhead lines - Composite line post insulators for alternative current with a nominal voltage > 1 000 V
Applies to composite line post insulators consisting of a load-bearing, cylindrical, insulating solid core made up of fibres - usually glass - in a resin-based matrix, a housing (outside the insulating core) made of elastomer material (e.g. silicone or ethylene-propylene) and end fittings permanently attached to the insulating core. The object of this standard is to - define the terms used, - prescribe test methods, - prescribe acceptance or failure criteria This standard does not include requirements dealing with the choice of insulators for specific operating conditions.
Isolatoren für Freileitungen - Verbund-Freileitungsstützer für Wechselspannungsfreileitungen mit einer Nennspannung über 1 000 V
Isolateurs pour lignes aériennes - Isolateurs composites rigides à socle pour courant alternatif de tension nominale > 1 000 V
Est applicable aux isolateurs composites rigides à socle constitués d'un noyau isolant cylindrique supportant la charge, composé de fibres - habituel-lement en verre - dans une matrice à base de résine, d'un revêtement (extérieur au noyau isolant) en matériau élastomère (par exemple silicone ou éthylène-propylène) et d'armatures d'extrémité reliées de façon permanente au noyau isolant. La présente norme a pour objet: - de définir les termes employés, - de fixer les méthodes d'essai, - de fixer les critères d'acceptation ou de rejet d'une fourniture. Cette norme n'inclut pas d'exigences relatives au choix des isolateurs pour des conditions de service spécifiques.
Insulators for overhead lines - Composite line post insulators for alternative current with a nominal voltage > 1000 V (IEC 61952:2002)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 61952:2004
01-september-2004
Insulators for overhead lines - Composite line post insulators for alternative
current with a nominal voltage > 1000 V (IEC 61952:2002)
Insulators for overhead lines - Composite line post insulators for alternative current with a
nominal voltage > 1 000 V
Isolatoren für Freileitungen - Verbund-Freileitungsstützer für
Wechselspannungsfreileitungen mit einer Nennspannung über 1 000 V
Isolateurs pour lignes aériennes - Isolateurs composites rigides à socle pour courant
alternatif de tension nominale > 1 000 V
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 61952:2003
ICS:
29.080.10 Izolatorji Insulators
29.240.20 Daljnovodi Power transmission and
distribution lines
SIST EN 61952:2004 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 61952:2004
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SIST EN 61952:2004
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 61952
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM January 2003
ICS 29.080.10; 29.240.20
English version
Insulators for overhead lines -
Composite line post insulators for alternative current
with a nominal voltage > 1 000 V
(IEC 61952:2002)
Isolateurs pour lignes aériennes - Isolatoren für Freileitungen -
Isolateurs composites rigides à socle Verbund-Freileitungsstützer
pour courant alternatif für Wechselspannungsfreileitungen
de tension nominale > 1 000 V mit einer Nennspannung über 1 000 V
(CEI 61952:2002) (IEC 61952:2002)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2002-12-01. CENELEC members are bound to
comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and
notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels
© 2003 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 61952:2003 E
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SIST EN 61952:2004
EN 61952:2003 - 2 -
Foreword
The text of document 36B/208/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 61952, prepared by SC 36B, Insulators for
overhead lines, of IEC TC 36, Insulators, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was
approved by CENELEC as EN 61952 on 2002-12-01.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2003-09-01
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2005-12-01
Annexes designated "normative" are part of the body of the standard.
Annexes designated "informative" are given for information only.
In this standard, annex ZA is normative and annexes A, B and C are informative.
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 61952:2002 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following note has to be added for the standard indicated:
IEC 60507 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60507:1993 (not modified).
__________
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SIST EN 61952:2004
- 3 - EN 61952:2003
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the
publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any
of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or
revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including
amendments).
NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant
EN/HD applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60060-1 1989 High-voltage test techniques
+ corr. March 1990 Part 1: General definitions and test HD 588.1 S1 1991
requirements
IEC 60383-1 1993 Insulators for overhead lines with a EN 60383-1 1996
nominal voltage above 1 kV A11 1999
Part 1: Ceramic or glass insulator units
for a.c. systems - Definitions, test
methods and acceptance criteria
IEC 60383-2 1993 Part 2: Insulator strings and insulator EN 60383-2 1995
sets for a.c. systems - Definitions, test
methods and acceptance criteria
IEC 60695-11-10 1999 Fire hazard testing EN 60695-11-10 1999
Part 11-10: Test flames - 50 W
horizontal and vertical flame test
methods
ISO 868 1985 Plastics and ebonite - Determination of EN ISO 868 1997
indentation hardness by means of a
durometer (Shore hardness)
ISO 3274 1996 Geometrical Product Specifications EN ISO 3274 1997
Cor 1 1998 (GPS) - Surface texture: Profile
method - Nominal characteristics of
contact (stylus) instruments
ISO 3452 Series Non-destructive testing - Penetrant - -
inspection
ISO 4287 1997 Geometrical Product Specifications EN ISO 4287 1998
Cor 1 1998 (GPS) - Surface texture: Profile
method - Terms, definitions and
surface texture parameters
ISO 4892-1 1999 Plastics - Methods of exposure to EN ISO 4892-1 2000
laboratory light sources
Part 1: General guidance
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SIST EN 61952:2004
EN 61952:2003 - 4 -
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
ISO 4892-2 1994 Part 2: Xenon arc sources EN ISO 4892-2 1999
ISO 4892-3 1994 Part 3: Fluorescent UV lamps EN ISO 4892-3 1999
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SIST EN 61952:2004
NORME CEI
INTERNATIONALE IEC
61952
INTERNATIONAL
Première édition
STANDARD
First edition
2002-07
Isolateurs pour lignes aériennes –
Isolateurs composites rigides
à socle pour courant alternatif
de tension nominale >1 000 V
Insulators for overhead lines –
Composite line post insulators
for alternative current
with a nominal voltage >1 000 V
IEC 2002 Droits de reproduction réservés Copyright - all rights reserved
Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any
utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur. the publisher.
International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland
Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmail@iec.ch Web: www.iec.ch
CODE PRIX
V
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale PRICE CODE
International Electrotechnical Commission
Международная Электротехническая Комиссия
Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur
For price, see current catalogue
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SIST EN 61952:2004
61952 IEC:2002 – 3 –
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION .7
1 Scope and object .11
2 Normative references.11
3 Definitions .13
4 Identification .17
5 Classification of tests.17
5.1 Design tests .17
5.2 Type tests.21
5.3 Sample tests.21
5.4 Routine tests .21
6 Design tests.21
6.1 General .21
6.2 Tests on interfaces and connections of end fittings.21
6.3 Assembled core load tests.25
6.4 Tests of shed and housing material .27
6.5 Tests for the core material .33
7 Type tests.35
7.1 Verification of dimensions.37
7.2 Electrical tests .37
7.3 Mechanical tests.39
8 Sample tests.41
8.1 General rules.41
8.2 Verification of dimensions (E1 + E2) .41
8.3 Galvanizing test (E1 + E2) .41
8.4 Verification of the SCL (E1) .41
8.5 Re-testing procedure .43
9 Routine tests .43
9.1 Tensile load test .43
9.2 Visual examination .43
Annex A (informative) Notes on the mechanical loads and tests.51
Annex B (informative) Determination of the equivalent bending moment
caused by combined loads.55
Annex C (informative) Explanation of the concept of classes for the design tests .61
Bibliography.63
Figure 1 – Thermal-mechanical pre-stressing test –Typical cycles .45
Figure 2 – Example of a boiling container for the water diffusion test .47
Figure 3 – Electrodes for the voltage test .49
Figure 4 – Typical circuit for the voltage test .49
Figure B.1 – Combined loads applied to unbraced insulators.57
Figure B.2 – Combined loads applied to braced insulators .59
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61952 IEC:2002 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
INSULATORS FOR OVERHEAD LINES –
COMPOSITE LINE POST INSULATORS FOR ALTERNATIVE CURRENT
WITH A NOMINAL VOLTAGE >>1 000 V
>>
FOREWORD
1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is
entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may
participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the
two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an
international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation
from all interested National Committees.
3) The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the form
of standards, technical specifications, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National
Committees in that sense.
4) In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International
Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any
divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly
indicated in the latter.
5) The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards.
6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject
of patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61952 has been prepared by subcommittee 36B: Insulators for
overhead lines, of IEC technical committee 36: Insulators.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
36B/208/FDIS 36B/209/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Annexes A, B, and C are for information only.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
2004. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
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SIST EN 61952:2004
61952 IEC:2002 – 7 –
INTRODUCTION
Composite line post insulators consist of a cylindrical solid insulating core, bearing the
mechanical load, protected by an elastomer housing, the loads being transmitted to the core
by metal fittings. Despite these common features, the materials used and the construction
details employed by different manufacturers may be different.
Some tests have been grouped together as "design tests" to be performed only once for
insulators of the same design. Design tests are performed in order to eliminate designs and
materials not suitable for high-voltage applications. The influence of time on the electrical and
mechanical properties of the complete composite line post insulator and its components (core
material, housing material, interfaces, etc.) has been considered in specifying the design tests
in order to ensure a satisfactory lifetime under normal service conditions.
The approach for mechanical testing under bending loads used in this standard is based on
the work of CIGRE. This approach uses the concept of a damage limit which is the maximum
stress which can be developed in the insulator before damage begins to occur. Annex A gives
some notes on the mechanical loads and tests used in this standard.
Line post insulators are often used in braced structures whose geometry varies from line to
line. A combined loading test to reproduce the complex loading cases in such structures is
outside the scope of this standard and it would be very difficult to specify a general test which
covers the majority of geometry and loading cases. In order to give some guidance, annex B
explains how to calculate the moment in the insulators resulting from combined loads. This
moment can then be equated to an equivalent bending load or stress for design purposes.
Compression load tests are not specified in this standard. The mechanical loads expected
from service stress acting on line post insulators are mostly combined loads, These loads will
cause some deflection on the insulator. Compression loads applied on pre-deflected
insulators will lead to results largely dependent on the pre-deflection. Therefore a pure
compression test has little meaning since the deflection prior to the cantilever load test cannot
be specified.
Pollution tests, as specified in IEC 60507, are not included in this standard, their applicability
to composite line post insulators not having been proven. Such pollution tests performed on
insulators made of non-ceramic materials do not correlate with experience obtained from
service. Specific pollution tests for non-ceramic insulators are under consideration.
The tracking and erosion test given in this standard is based on the test specified in
IEC 61109. However, when this standard was drafted, it had been decided to study the
possibility of preparing a general standard on tracking, erosion and ageing tests for all types
of composite insulators. The prescriptions concerning the 1 000 h and alternative tests for
severe environmental conditions are therefore given as a temporary measure until such time
as the general standard is issued by the IEC.
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61952 IEC:2002 – 9 –
For insulators intended for use in severe environmental conditions, a supplementary multi-
stress ageing test may be considered (such as the 5 000 h ageing test in annex C of
IEC 61109). However CIGRE and IEC are currently studying the representativity, repeatability
and reproducibility of ageing tests and will issue guidance in the future. In the meantime, it is
recommended that particular care be taken when specifying the type and parameters of such
tests.
It has not been considered useful to specify a power arc test as a mandatory test. The test
parameters are manifold and can have very different values depending on the configurations
of the network and the supports and on the design of arc-protection devices. The heating
effect of power arcs should be considered in the design of metal fittings. Critical damage to
the metal fittings, resulting from the magnitude and duration of the short-circuit current can be
avoided by properly designed arc-protection devices. This standard, however, does not
exclude the possibility of a power arc test if agreed between the user and manufacturer.
IEC 61467 gives details of a.c. power arc testing of insulator sets.
Radio interference and corona tests are not specified in this standard since the RIV and
corona performance are not characteristics of the insulator alone.
Composite, hollow core, line post insulators are currently not dealt with in this standard.
IEC 61462 gives details of tests on hollow core, composite insulators, many of which can be
applied to such line post insulators.
Torsion loads are not dealt with in this standard since they are usually negligible in the
configuration in which line post insulators are generally used. Specific applications where high
torsion loads can occur are outside the scope of this standard.
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SIST EN 61952:2004
61952 IEC:2002 – 11 –
INSULATORS FOR OVERHEAD LINES –
COMPOSITE LINE POST INSULATORS FOR ALTERNATIVE CURRENT
WITH A NOMINAL VOLTAGE >>>>1000 V
1 Scope and object
This International Standard applies to composite line post insulators consisting of a load-
bearing, cylindrical, insulating solid core made up of fibres – usually glass – in a resin-based
matrix, a housing (outside the insulating core) made of elastomer material (e.g. silicone or
ethylene-propylene) and end fittings permanently attached to the insulating core.
Composite line post insulators covered by this standard are subjected to cantilever, tensile
and compressive loads, when supporting the line conductors.
They are intended for use on a.c. overhead lines with a rated voltage greater than 1 000 V
and a frequency not greater than 100 Hz.
The object of this standard is to
– define the terms used,
– prescribe test methods,
– prescribe acceptance or failure criteria.
This standard does not include requirements dealing with the choice of insulators for specific
operating conditions.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60060-1:1989, High-voltage test techniques – Part 1: General definitions and test
requirements
IEC 60383-1:1993, Insulators for overhead lines with a nominal voltage above 1 000 V –
Part 1: Ceramic or glass insulator units for a.c. systems – Definitions, test methods and
acceptance criteria
IEC 60383-2:1993, Insulators for overhead lines with a nominal voltage above 1 000 V –
Part 2: Insulator strings and insulator sets for a.c. systems – Definitions, test methods and
acceptance criteria
IEC 60695-11-10:1999, Fire hazard testing – Part 11-10: Test flames – 50 W horizontal and
vertical flame test methods
ISO 868:1985, Plastics and ebonite – Determination of indentation hardness by means of
a durometer (Shore hardness)
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SIST EN 61952:2004
61952 IEC:2002 – 13 –
ISO 3274:1996, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) – Surface texture: Profile method –
Nominal characteristics of contact (stylus) instruments
ISO 3274:1996/Cor. 1:1998
ISO 3452 (all parts), Non-destructive testing – Penetrant inspection
ISO 4287:1997, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) – Surface texture: Profile method –
Terms, definitions and surface texture parameters
ISO 4287:1997/Cor. 1:1998
ISO 4892-1:1999, Plastics – Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources – Part 1:
General guidance
ISO 4892-2:1994, Plastics – Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources – Part 2: Xenon-
arc sources
ISO 4892-3:1994, Plastics – Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources – Part 3:
Fluorescent UV lamps
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply.
3.1
composite line post insulator
insulator consisting of a load-bearing cylindrical insulating solid core, a housing and end
fittings attached to the insulating core. It is intended to be subjected to cantilever, tensile
and compressive loads
3.2
core
internal insulating part of a composite line post insulator designed to ensure the mechanical
characteristics. The core usually consists of glass-fibres in a resin-based matrix
3.3
housing
external insulating part of composite line post insulator providing necessary creepage
distance and protecting core from environment. An intermediate sheath made of insulating
material may be part of the housing
3.4
housing profile
shape and dimensions of the housing which include the following:
– shed overhang(s)
– shed thickness at the base and at the tip
– shed spacing
– shed repetition
– shed inclination(s).
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61952 IEC:2002 – 15 –
3.5
shed
projecting part of the housing intended to increase the creepage distance
3.6
interface
surface between different materials. Various interfaces occur in most composite line post
insulators, e.g.
– between glass fibres and impregnating resin,
– between core and housing,
– between various parts of the housing, e.g. between sheds or between sheds and sheath,
– between housing, core and end fittings
3.7
end fittings of a composite line post insulator
devices forming an integral and permanent part of the insulator intended to connect it to a
supporting structure or to conductor hardware. The base end fitting of a composite line post
insulator is where the maximum cantilever stress usually occurs. The line end fitting is where
the cantilever load is usually applied
3.8
connection zone
zone where the mechanical load is transmitted between the core and the end fitting
3.9
coupling zone
part of the end fitting which transmits the load to the hardware external to the composite line
post insulator
3.10
tracking
irreversible degradation consisting of the formation of conductive paths starting and
developing on the surface of an insulating material. These paths are conductive even under
dry conditions. Tracking can occur on surfaces in contact with air and also on the interfaces
between different insulating materials
3.11
erosion
irreversible and non-conducting degradation of the surface of the insulator that occurs by loss
of material. This can be uniform, localized or tree-shaped
NOTE Light surface traces, commonly tree-shaped, can occur on composite line post insulators, as on ceramic
insulators, after partial flashover. These traces are not considered to be objectionable as long as they are non-
conducting. When they are conducting they are classed as tracking.
3.12
delamination of the core
irreversible loss of bonding within fibre laminates perceivable by the naked eye
3.13
crack
any internal fracture or surface fissure of depth greater than 0,1 mm
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61952 IEC:2002 – 17 –
3.14
specified cantilever load (SCL)
cantilever load which can be withstood by the insulator at the line end fitting when tested
under the prescribed conditions. This value is specified by the manufacturer
3.15
maximum design cantilever load (MDCL)
load level above which damage to the core begins to occur and which is the ultimate limit for
service loads. This value and direction of the load are specified by the manufacturer
3.16
specified tensile load (STL)
tensile load which can be withstood by the insulator when tested under the prescribed
conditions. This value is specified by the manufacturer
3.17
failing load of a composite line post insulator
maximum load that is reached when tested under the prescribed conditions
NOTE Damage to the core is likely to occur at loads lower than the insulator failing load.
4 Identification
The manufacturer’s drawing shall show the relevant dimensions and values necessary for
identifying and testing the insulator in accordance with this standard. The drawing shall also
show applicable manufacturing tolerances. In addition, the relevant IEC designation shall
figure on the drawing.
Each insulator shall be marked with the name or trade mark of the manufacturer and the year
of manufacture. In addition, each insulator shall be marked with the MDCL or with the relevant
IEC designation. These markings shall be legible and indelible.
NOTE At present there is no IEC standard giving designations of composite line post insulators.
5 Classification of tests
The tests are divided into four groups as follows:
5.1 Design tests
These tests are intended to verify the suitability of the design, materials and method of
manufacture (technology). A composite line post insulator design is defined by
− materials of the core, housing and manufacturing method,
− material of the end fittings, their design and method of attachment,
− layer thickness of the housing over the core (including a sheath where used),
− diameter of the core.
When changes in the design occur, re-qualification shall be carried out in accordance with
table 1.
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61952 IEC:2002 – 19 –
Table 1 – Tests to be carried out after design changes
THEN the following design tests shall be repeated:
6.2 6.3 6.4.1 6.4.2 6.4.3 6.4.4 6.5.1 6.5.2
IF the change in insulator design concerns: .
1 Hous
...
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