SIST EN 17199-5:2019
(Main)Workplace exposure - Measurement of dustiness of bulk materials that contain or release respirable NOAA or other respirable particles - Part 5: Vortex shaker method
Workplace exposure - Measurement of dustiness of bulk materials that contain or release respirable NOAA or other respirable particles - Part 5: Vortex shaker method
This European Standard provides the methodology for measuring and characterizing the dustiness of bulk materials that contain or release nano-objects or submicrometer particles, under standard and reproducible conditions and specifies for that purpose the vortex shaker method.
In addition, this European Standard specifies the selection of instruments and devices and the procedures for calculating and presenting the results. It also gives guidelines on the evaluation and reporting of the data.
The methodology described in this European Standard enables
a) the measurement of the respirable dustiness mass fraction,
b) the determination of the mass-based dustiness index of respirable particles in the size range from about 10 nm to 1 000 nm;
c) the determination of the number-based dustiness index of respirable particles in the size range from about 10 nm to 1 000 nm;
d) the determination of the number-based emission rate of respirable particles in the size range from about 10 nm to 1 000 nm;
e) the determination of the number size distribution of the released respirable aerosol in the size range from about 10 nm to 10 µm;
f) the collection of released airborne particles in the respirable fraction for subsequent observations and analysis by electron microscopy.
This European Standard is applicable to the testing of a wide range of bulk materials including nanomaterials in powder form.
NOTE 1 With slightly different configurations of the method specified in this European Standard, dustiness of a series of carbon nanotubes has been investigated ([5] to 10]). On the basis of this published work, it can be assumed that the vortex shaker method is also applicable to nanofibres and nanoplates.
This European Standard is not applicable to millimetre-sized granules or pellets containing nano-objects in either unbound, bound uncoated and coated forms.
NOTE 2 This comes from the configuration of the vortex shaker apparatus and the small test sample required. Eventually, if future work provides accurate and repeatable data demonstrating that this is possible, the intention is to revise the European Standard and to introduce this application.
NOTE 3 As observed in the pre-normative research Project [4], the vortex shaker method specified in this European Standard provides a more energetic aerosolization than the rotating drum, the continuous drop and the small rotating drum specified in prEN 17199-2:2018 [1], prEN 17199-3:2018 [2] and prEN 17199-4:2018 [3], respectively. It can better simulate high energy dust dispersion operations or processes where vibration is applied or even describe a worst case scenario in a workplace, including the (non-recommended) practice of cleaning contaminated worker coveralls and dry work surfaces with compressed air.
NOTE 4 Currently no classification scheme in terms of dustiness indices or emission rates has been established according to te vortex shaker method. Eventually, when a large number of measurement data has been obtained, the intention is to revise the European Standard and to introduce such a classification scheme, if applicable.
Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Messung des Staubungsverhaltens von Schüttgütern, die Nanoobjekte oder Submikrometerpartikel enthalten oder freisetzen - Teil 5: Verfahren mit Vortex-Schüttler
Diese Europäische Norm enthält die Methodik für die Messung und Charakterisierung des Staubungs-verhaltens von Schüttgütern, die Nanoobjekte oder Partikel im Submikrometerbereich enthalten oder unter wiederholbaren und Standardbedingungen freisetzen, und legt zu diesem Zweck das Verfahren mit Vortex-Schüttler fest.
Darüber hinaus legt diese Europäische Norm die Auswahl der Instrumente und Vorrichtungen sowie die Verfahren für die Berechnung und Präsentation der Ergebnisse fest. Des Weiteren enthält die Norm eine Anleitung für die Auswertung und Angabe der Daten.
Die in dieser Europäischen Norm festgelegte Methodik ermöglicht
a) die Berechnung des Massenanteils an alveolengängigem Staub;
b) die Bestimmung des massenbasierten Staubindex alveolengängiger Partikel im Größenbereich zwischen ungefähr 10 nm und 1 000 nm;
c) die Bestimmung des zahlenbasierten Staubindex alveolengängiger Partikel im Größenbereich zwischen ungefähr 10 nm und 1 000 nm;
d) die Bestimmung der zahlenbasierten Emissionsrate alveolengängiger Partikel im Größenbereich zwischen ungefähr 10 nm und 1 000 nm;
e) die Bestimmung der zahlenbasierten Größenverteilung des freigesetzten einatembaren Aerosols im Größenbereich zwischen ungefähr 10 nm und 10 µm;
f) die Sammlung freigesetzter Schwebstoffe in der alveolengängigen Fraktion für anschließende Beobachtungen und Analysen durch Elektronenmikroskopie.
Diese Europäische Norm ist für die Prüfung einer Vielzahl verschiedener Schüttgüter einschließlich Nanomaterialien in Pulverform anwendbar.
ANMERKUNG 1 Das Staubungsverhalten einer Reihe Carbon-Nanoröhrchen wurde mit einer von dem in dieser Europäischen Norm festgelegten Verfahren leicht abweichenden Konfiguration untersucht ([5] bis [10]). Auf der Grundlage dieser veröffentlichten Arbeiten kann angenommen werden, dass das Verfahren mit Vortex-Schüttler auch für Nanofasern und Nanoplättchen anwendbar ist.
Diese Europäische Norm ist nicht für Granulate und Pellets im Millimeter-Größenbereich anwendbar, die Nanoobjekte in ungebundener, gebundener, unbeschichteter oder beschichteter Form enthalten.
ANMERKUNG 2 Dies liegt an der Konfiguration des Vortex-Schüttlers und der geringen erforderlichen Prüfprobe. Sofern zukünftige Arbeiten korrekte und wiederholbare Daten liefern, die nachweisen, dass dies möglich ist, ist beabsichtigt, die Europäische Norm zu revidieren und diese Anwendung einzuführen.
ANMERKUNG 3 Das vornormative Forschungsprojekt [4] hat gezeigt, dass das in dieser Europäischen Norm festgelegte Verfahren mit Vortex-Schüttler eine energetischere Zerstäubung ermöglicht als das Verfahren mit rotierender Trommel, kontinuierlichem Fall und kleiner rotierender Trommel respektive nach prEN 17199 2:2018 [1], prEN 17199 3:2018 [2] und prEN 17199 4:2018 [3]. Das Verfahren kann Arbeiten oder Prozesse mit hochenergetischer Staubdispersion durch Vibration besser simulieren oder sogar ein Worst-Case-Szenario am Arbeitsplatz einschließlich der (nicht empfohlenen) Praxis der Reinigung kontaminierter Arbeitsoveralls und trockener Arbeitsoberflächen mit Druckluft beschreiben.
ANMERKUNG 4 Bisher wurde noch kein Klassifizierungsschema im Hinblick auf Staubungsindizes oder Emissions-raten nach dem Verfahren mit Vortex-Schüttler erstellt. Schließlich, wenn eine große Anzahl an Messdaten vorliegt, ist beabsichtigt, diese Europäische Norm zu revidieren und ein solches Klassifizierungsschema einzuführen.
Exposition sur les lieux de travail - Mesurage du pouvoir de resuspension des matériaux en vrac contenant ou émettant des nano-objets et leurs agrégats et agglomérats (NOAA) ou autres particules en fraction alvéolaire - Partie 5: Méthode impliquant l'utilisation d'un agitateur vortex
Le présent document décrit la méthodologie permettant de mesurer et de caractériser le pouvoir de resuspension de matériaux en vrac contenant ou émettant des NOAA ou autres particules en fraction alvéolaire dans des conditions normalisées et reproductibles et spécifie, à cette fin, le but de la méthode de l’agitateur vortex.
Le présent document spécifie le choix des instruments et dispositifs ainsi que les procédures de calcul et d’expression des résultats. Il fournit également des lignes directrices concernant l’évaluation et la consignation des données.
La méthodologie décrite dans le présent document permet :
a) le mesurage de la fraction massique des poussières alvéolaires ;
b) le mesurage de l’indice du pouvoir de resuspension en nombre de particules alvéolaires dans la plage granulométrique comprise entre environ 10 nm et 1 µm ;
Izpostavljenost na delovnem mestu - Meritve prašnosti razsutih materialov, ki vsebujejo ali sproščajo respirabilne nanopredmete ter njihove agregate in aglomerate (NOAA) in druge respirabilne delce - 5. del: Metoda s krožnim mešalnikom
Ta evropski standard določa metodologijo za merjenje in opredelitev prašnosti razsutih materialov, ki vsebujejo ali sproščajo nanopredmete ali submikrometrske delce v standardnih in ponovljivih pogojih, ter za ta namen določa metodo s krožnim mešalnikom.
Poleg tega navaja ta evropski standard tudi izbiro instrumentov in naprav ter postopke za izračun in predstavitev rezultatov. Podaja tudi smernice za vrednotenje in poročanje podatkov.
Metodologija, ki je opisana v tem evropskem standardu, omogoča:
a) merjenje masnega deleža pri respirabilni prašnosti,
b) določanje indeksa prašnosti na podlagi mase respirabilnih delcev v razponu velikosti od približno 10 nm to 1000 nm;
c) določanje indeksa prašnosti respirabilnih delcev na podlagi števila v razponu velikosti od približno 10 nm to 1000 nm;
d) določanje stopnje emisij respirabilnih delcev na podlagi števila v razponu velikosti od približno 10 nm to 1000 nm;
e) določanje števila porazdelitev velikosti sproščenega respirabilnega aerosola v razponu velikosti od približno 10 nm to 10 µm;
f) zbiranje sproščenih lebdečih delcev v respirabilnih deležih za nadaljnje opazovanje in analizo z elektronsko mikroskopijo.
Ta evropski standard se uporablja za preskušanje širokega nabora razsutih materialov, vključno z nanomateriali v prahu.
OPOMBA 1: Prašnost niza ogljikovih nanocevk je bila preiskana (od [5] do [10]) z nekoliko drugačnimi konfiguracijami metode, ki je navedena v tem evropskem standardu. Na podlagi tega objavljenega dela je mogoče sklepati, da se lahko metoda s krožnim mešalnikom uporablja tudi za nanovlakna in nanoplošče.
Ta evropski standard se ne uporablja za milimetrske granule ali pelete, ki vsebujejo nanopredmete v nevezani, vezani, prevlečeni ali neprevlečeni obliki.
OPOMBA 2: To izhaja iz konfiguracije naprave s krožnim mešalnikom in potreben je majhen preskusni vzorec. Če bo delo v prihodnje prineslo točne in ponovljive podatke, ki bi pokazali, da je to mogoče, bo predvidena revizija evropskega standarda in uvedba te uporabe.
OPOMBA 3: Kot je bilo ugotovljeno v prednormativnem raziskovalnem projektu [4], omogoča metoda s krožnim mešalnikom, ki je navedena v tem evropskem standardu, bolj energetsko aerosolizacijo v primerjavi z vrtečim bobnom, trajnim padanjem in majhnim vrtečim bobnom, ki so navedeni v standardih prEN 17199-2:2018 [1], prEN 17199-3:2018 [2] oziroma prEN 17199-4:2018 [3]. Omogoča boljšo simulacijo visokoenergijskih postopkov in procesov razprševanja prahu, pri katerih se uporablja vibracija, ali celo opis najslabšega možnega scenarija na delovnem mestu, vključno s prakso čiščenja kontaminiranih delavskih kombinezonov in suhih delovnih površin s stisnjenim zrakom (se ne priporoča).
OPOMBA 4: Za indekse prašnosti ali stopnje emisij trenutno še ni vzpostavljena nobena klasifikacijska shema v skladu z metodo s krožnim mešalnikom. Ko bo sčasoma pridobljenih veliko merilnih podatkov, je predvidena revizija evropskega standarda in uvedba take klasifikacijske sheme, če bo to ustrezno.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 17199-5:2019
01-september-2019
Izpostavljenost na delovnem mestu - Meritve prašnosti razsutih materialov, ki
vsebujejo ali sproščajo respirabilne nanopredmete ter njihove agregate in
aglomerate (NOAA) in druge respirabilne delce - 5. del: Metoda s krožnim
mešalnikom
Workplace exposure - Measurement of dustiness of bulk materials that contain or
release respirable NOAA or other respirable particles - Part 5: Vortex shaker method
Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Messung des Staubungsverhaltens von Schüttgütern, die
Nanoobjekte oder Submikrometerpartikel enthalten oder freisetzen - Teil 5: Verfahren
mit Vortex-Schüttler
Exposition sur les lieux de travail - Mesurage du pouvoir de resuspension des matériaux
en vrac contenant ou émettant des nano-objets et leurs agrégats et agglomérats (NOAA)
ou autres particules en fraction alvéolaire - Partie 5: Méthode impliquant l'utilisation d'un
agitateur vortex
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 17199-5:2019
ICS:
13.040.30 Kakovost zraka na delovnem Workplace atmospheres
mestu
SIST EN 17199-5:2019 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 17199-5:2019
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SIST EN 17199-5:2019
EN 17199-5
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2019
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.040.30
English Version
Workplace exposure - Measurement of dustiness of bulk
materials that contain or release respirable NOAA or other
respirable particles - Part 5: Vortex shaker method
Exposition sur les lieux de travail - Mesurage du Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Messung des
pouvoir de resuspension des matériaux en vrac Staubungsverhaltens von Schüttgütern, die
contenant ou émettant des nano-objets et leurs Nanoobjekte oder Submikrometerpartikel enthalten
agrégats et agglomérats (NOAA) ou autres particules oder freisetzen - Teil 5: Verfahren mit Vortex-Schüttler
en fraction alvéolaire - Partie 5: Méthode impliquant
l'utilisation d'un agitateur vortex
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 February 2019.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 17199-5:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 17199-5:2019
EN 17199-5:2019 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 8
5 Principle . 8
6 Equipment . 10
6.1 General . 10
6.2 Test apparatus. 12
6.2.1 Vortex shaker apparatus . 12
6.2.2 Cylindrical container . 12
6.2.3 Humidification system of incoming and dilution air. 15
6.2.4 Sampling line for the measurement of the respirable dustiness mass fraction . 15
6.2.5 Sampling line for other measurements . 17
6.2.6 Conductive flexible tubing, carbon impregnated . 19
6.2.7 Respirable cyclone, made of stainless steel . 19
6.2.8 Air sampling cassette . 19
6.2.9 Condensation particle counter (CPC), with alcohol as working fluid. 20
6.2.10 Time- and size-resolving aerosol instrument . 20
6.2.11 Aerosol sampler for analytical electron microscopy analysis . 20
6.2.12 Analytical balance, capable of weighing to a resolution of 10 µg . 21
6.2.13 Microbalance, capable of weighing to a resolution of 1 µg . 21
6.2.14 Filters for gravimetric analysis . 21
6.2.15 Micro-centrifuge tubes . 21
7 Requirements . 21
7.1 General . 21
7.2 Engineering control measures . 21
7.3 Conditioning of the test material . 21
7.3.1 General . 21
7.3.2 Specified conditions . 22
7.3.3 As-received conditions . 22
7.4 Conditioning of the test equipment . 22
8 Preparation . 22
8.1 Test sample . 22
8.2 Moisture content of the test material . 23
8.3 Bulk density of the test material . 23
8.4 Preparation of test apparatus . 23
8.5 Aerosol instruments and aerosol samplers. 23
9 Test procedure . 23
10 Evaluation of data . 26
10.1 Respirable dustiness mass fraction . 26
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EN 17199-5:2019 (E)
10.2 Number-based dustiness index, number-based emission rate and modal
aerodynamic equivalent diameters of the particle size distribution . 26
10.2.1 General . 26
10.2.2 Number-based dustiness index . 27
10.2.3 Number-based emission rate . 27
10.2.4 Modal aerodynamic equivalent diameters of the number-based particle size
distribution . 27
10.3 Morphological and chemical characterization of the particles. 28
11 Test report . 29
Annex A (informative) Pictures illustrating some of the equipment of the method . 30
Annex B (informative) Examples of TEM images obtained with the vortex shaker method . 35
Annex C (informative) Motivation for development of the vortex shaker method . 36
Bibliography . 37
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SIST EN 17199-5:2019
EN 17199-5:2019 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 17199-5:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 137
“Assessment of workplace exposure to chemical and biological agents”, the secretariat of which is held
by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2019 and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2019.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
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SIST EN 17199-5:2019
EN 17199-5:2019 (E)
Introduction
Dustiness measurement and characterization provide users (e.g. manufacturers, producers,
occupational hygienists and workers) with information on the potential for dust emissions when bulk
material is handled or processed in workplaces. They provide the manufactures of bulk materials
containing NOAA with information that can help to improve their products and reduce their dustiness.
It allows the users of the bulk materials containing NOAA to assess the controls and precautions
required for handling and working with the material and the effects of pre-treatments (e.g. modify
surface properties or chemistry). It also allows the users to select less dusty products, if available. The
particle size distribution of the aerosol and the morphology and chemical composition of its particles
can be used by occupational hygienists, scientists and regulators to further characterize the aerosol in
terms of particle size distribution and chemical composition and to thus aid users to evaluate and
control the health risk of airborne dust.
This document gives details on the design and operation of the vortex shaker test method that
measures the dustiness of bulk materials that contain or release respirable NOAA or other respirable
particles in terms of dustiness indices or emission rates. Dustiness indices as well as emission rates can
be determined number- or mass-based. In addition the test method characterizes the released aerosol
by measuring the particle size distribution using direct-reading aerosol instruments and collects
samples for off-line analysis (as required) for their morphology and their chemical composition.
The vortex shaker method is useful for addressing the ability of bulk materials including nanomaterials
(in powder form), to release airborne particles (aerosol) during agitation, the so-called dustiness.
The vortex shaker method provides a simulation of operation or processes where the agitation
mechanism delivering energy to the powder to release airborne particles is the vibration or shaking
mechanism. Vibration and shaking are mechanisms that are often found in industry, either voluntarily
or involuntarily. Many surfaces receiving powders are vibrating or shaking, as for example during
powder transportation by belt feeder or vibrating conveyor. Moreover, by providing an energetic
aerosolization, the vortex shaker method provides even a simulation of the worst-case scenario in a
workplace, as for example the (non-recommended) practice of cleaning contaminated worker coveralls
and dry work surfaces with compressed air.
The vortex shaker method presented here differs from the rotating drum, the continuous drop and the
small rotating drum methods presented in EN 17199-2 [1], EN 17199-3 [2] and EN 17199-4 [3]
respectively. The rotating drum and small rotating drum methods perform, both, repeated agitation of
the same sample nanomaterial while the continuous drop method simulates continuous feed of a
nanomaterial. The method described in this document, in turn, provides an agitation to a small test
sample of powder.
This document was developed based on the results of pre-normative research [4]. This project
investigated the dustiness of ten bulk materials (including nine bulk nanomaterials) with the intention
to test as wide a range of bulk materials as possible in terms of magnitude of dustiness, chemical
composition and primary particle size distribution as indicated by a large range in specific surface area.
5
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SIST EN 17199-5:2019
EN 17199-5:2019 (E)
1 Scope
This document describes the methodology for measuring and characterizing the dustiness of bulk
materials that contain or release respirable NOAA or other respirable particles, under standard and
reproducible conditions and specifies for that purpose the vortex shaker method.
This document specifies the selection of instruments and devices and the procedures for calculating and
presenting the results. It also gives guidelines on the evaluation and reporting of the data.
The methodology described in this document enables
a) the measurement of the respirable dustiness mass fraction,
b) the measurement of the number-based dustiness index of respirable particles in the particle size
range from about 10 nm to about 1 µm,
c) the measurement of the number-based emission rate of respirable particles in the particle size
range from about 10 nm to about 1 µm,
d) the measurement of the number-based particle size distribution of the released respirable aerosol
in the particle size range from about 10 nm to 10 µm,
e) the collection of released airborne particles in the respirable fraction for subsequent observations
and analysis by electron microscopy.
This document is applicable to the testing of a wide range of bulk materials including nanomaterials in
powder form.
NOTE 1 With slightly different configurations of the method specified in this document, dustiness of a series of
carbon nanotubes has been investigated ([5] to [10]). On the basis of this published work, it can be assumed that
the vortex shaker method is also applicable to nanofibres and nanoplates.
This document is not applicable to millimetre-sized granules or pellets containing nano-objects in
either unbound, bound uncoated and coated forms.
NOTE 2 The restrictions with regard to the application of the vortex shaker method on different kinds of
nanomaterials result from the configuration of the vortex shaker apparatus as well as from the small size of the
test sample required. Eventually, if future work will be able to provide accurate and repeatable data
demonstrating that an extension of the method applicability is possible, the intention is to revise this document
and to introduce further cases of method application.
NOTE 3 As observed in the pre-normative research project [4], the vortex shaker method specified in this
document provides a more energetic aerosolization than the rotating drum, the continuous drop and the small
rotating drum methods specified in EN 17199-2 [1], EN 17199-3 [2] and EN 17199-4 [3], respectively. The vortex
shaker method can better simulate high energy dust dispersion operations or processes where vibration or
shaking is applied or even describe a worst case scenario in a workplace, including the (non-recommended)
practice of cleaning contaminated worker coveralls and dry work surfaces with compressed air.
NOTE 4 Currently no classification scheme in terms of dustiness indices or emission rates has been established
according to the vortex shaker method. Eventually, when a large number of measurement data has been obtained,
the intention is to revise the document and to introduce such a classification scheme, if applicable.
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EN 17199-5:2019 (E)
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
CEN ISO/TS 80004-2, Nanotechnologies - Vocabulary - Part 2: Nano-objects (ISO/TS 80004-2)
EN 481, Workplace atmospheres - Size fraction definitions for measurement of airborne particles
EN 1540, Workplace exposure - Terminology
EN 13205-2, Workplace exposure - Assessment of sampler performance for measurement of airborne
particle concentrations - Part 2: Laboratory performance test based on determination of sampling
efficiency
EN 15051-1, Workplace exposure - Measurement of the dustiness of bulk materials - Part 1: Requirements
and choice of test methods
EN 17199-1, Workplace exposure - Measurement of dustiness of bulk materials that contain or release
respirable NOAA or other respirable particles - Part 1: Requirements and choice of test methods
EN 16897, Workplace exposure - Characterization of ultrafine aerosols/nanoaerosols - Determination of
number concentration using condensation particle counters
ISO 15767, Workplace atmospheres - Controlling and characterizing uncertainty in weighing collected
aerosols
ISO 27891, Aerosol particle number concentration - Calibration of condensation particle counters
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1540, EN 15051-1,
CEN ISO/TS 80004-2 and EN 17199-1 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
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SIST EN 17199-5:2019
EN 17199-5:2019 (E)
4 Symbols and abbreviations
AES Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
CPC Condensation Particle Counter
)
1
®
Electrical Low Pressure Impactor
ELPI
EM Electron Microscopy
HEPA High Efficiency Particulate Arrestance
ICP Inductively coupled plasma
MFC Mass flow controller
MS Mass Spectrometry
NOAA Nano-objects, and their aggregates and agglomerates > 100 nm
RH Relative Humidity
TEM Transmission Electron Microscopy
VS Vortex Shaker
XRF X-ray Fluorescence
5 Principle
The vortex shaker method (see Annex A and Annex C) specified in this document measures the
dustiness of bulk materials in terms of
— the respirable dustiness mass fraction,
— the number-based dustiness index, and
— the number-based emission rate.
In addition, this document describes the procedures by which the aerosols can be further characterized
in terms of their particle size distributions and the morphology and chemical composition of their
airborne particles.
The sampling for the purpose of and the execution of qualitative or quantitative analysis of the
morphology and chemical composition of the collected airborne nanostructured particles are described.
Performing these analyses is optional but can provide confirmation of the sizes of the particles
generated and complementary information to the time- and size-resolving instruments.
Table 1 provides
— an overview of the different measurands, their symbols and units,
— information on whether determining these measurands is mandatory or not, and
— the aerosol instruments and sampling devices needed to determine a measurand.
®
1) ELPI is the trade name or trademark of a product supplied by Dekati. This information is given for the
convenience of users of this European Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by CEN of the product
named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.
8
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EN 17199-5:2019 (E)
Table 1 — Measurands, aerosol instruments/sampling devices and associated recommendations
for the vortex shaker method
Method/ device Mandatory/Optional
Measurand (unit)
specific to measurand
Respirable dustiness mass fraction (mg/kg) 25 mm- or 37 mm- air Mandatory
sampling cassette (see
6.2.8) mounted on a
respirable cyclone (see
6.2.7)
Number-based dustiness index of respirable Condensation Particle Mandatory
particles in the particle size range from about Counter (CPC) (see
10 nm to about 6.2.9)
1 µm (1/mg)
Number-based average emission rate of Mandatory
respirable particles in the particle size range from
about 10 nm to about
1 µm (1/mg·s)
Number of modes of the time-averaged number- Time- and size- Mandatory
based particle size distribution as dN/dlogD (-) resolving instrument
i
covering the particle
Modal aerodynamic equivalent diameters Mandatory
size range from about
corresponding to the highest mode M1 ) and to
N
10 nm up to about
the second highest mode (M2 ) of the time-
N
10 µm (see 6.2.10)
averaged number-based particle size distribution
as dN/dlogD (µm)
i
Number of modes of the time-averaged mass- Cascade impactor Optional
based particle size distribution as dM/dlogD (-) covering the particle
i
size range from about
Modal aerodynamic equivalent diameters Optional
10 nm up to about
corresponding to the highest mode (M1 ) and to
M
10 µm (see 6.2.10)
the second highest mode (M2 ) of the time-
M
averaged mass-based particle size distribution as
dM/dlogD (µm)
i
Morphological and chemical characterization of TEM-grid holder Optional
the particles including NOAA (-) equipped with porous
Carbon film may be
carbon film TEM-grid
analysed by
(see 6.2.11)
transmission electron
microscopy (TEM)
Chemical characterization of the particles 25 mm- or 37 mm- air Optional
including NOAA (-) sampling cassette
Filters may be
made from conductive
quantitatively
material (see 6.2.8)
analysed by XRF, ICP-
mounted on a
AES or ICP-MS.
respirable cyclone (see
6.2.7)
NOTE The particle size range described above is based on the equipment used during the prenormative
research.
9
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6 Equipment
6.1 General
The test apparatus consists of an especially designed cylindrical container (see 6.2.2), in which a small
3
volume (0,5 cm ) of the test sample is placed that is continuously shook according a circular orbital
motion generated by the vortex shaker apparatus (see 6.2.1).
HEPA filtered air, controlled at (50 ± 5) % RH, passes through the cylindrical container at a flow rate
Q = 4,2 l/min in order to transfer the released aerosol inside the container to the sampling or
VS
measurement section.
An overview of the experimental set-up of the vortex shaker test bench is given in Figure 1.
10
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Key
1 compressed dry air
2 mass flow controller (MFC)
3 humidification system (6.2.3) to deliver 4,2 l/min at (50 ± 5) % RH
4 high-efficiency particle arrestance (HEPA) filter cartridge
5 valve to direct incoming air flow through the cylindrical tube
6 cylindrical container (6.2.2), in which the test sample is poured
7 attachment rubber piece adapted to the design of the bottom of the container
11
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8 vortex shaker apparatus (6.2.1) producing a circular orbital motion
9 valve to direct incoming airflow bypass the cylindrical tube
10 valve to direct outflow to the sampling and measurement section
11 tube to the sampling and measurement section (6.2.6)
Q flow rate in the vortex shaker
VS
NOTE The test bench external dimensions are about 0,6 m × 0,6 m × 0,6 m.
Figure 1 — Overview of the experimental set-up of the vortex shaker test bench
6.2 Test apparatus
6.2.1 Vortex shaker apparatus
The vortex shaker is composed of a central unit, in which an eccentric motor is located, and an
attachment rubber piece at the top to maintain the bottom of the cylindrical container (6.2.2).
As shown in Figure 1, the vertical axes of the cylindrical container, the attachment rubber piece and the
central unit shall be coaxial before starting the motor of the vortex shaker.
The vortex shaker apparatus shall produce a circular orbital motion in the horizontal plane. The motion
shall be characterized by displacement amplitude of 4 mm and a rotation speed of 1 850 r/min.
The agitation motion is created by holding the top of the container in place while allowing the bottom to
move in its circular orbital motion. Thus, the container shall be held in position by a ring located just
below the cap. The ring shall have an inner diameter of 34 mm and be made of rubber to limit the
transfer of vibrations to the rest of the test bench. It shall be held in place by an attachment piece to the
test bench.
Due the vibrations while motor running, central unit shall have resilient rubber pads. Moreover, extra
rubber elements shall be used to limit the lateral and longitudinal displacements of the central unit.
6.2.2 Cylindrical container
The characteristics of a cylindrical container are shown in Figure 2.
The cylindrical container is obtained by assembling three elements made of stainless steel material and
shown in Figure 3.
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 17199-5:2018
01-februar-2018
[Not translated]
Workplace exposure - Measurement of dustiness of bulk materials that contain or
release nano-objects or submicrometer particles - Part 5: Vortex shaker method
Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Messung des Staubungsverhaltens von Schüttgütern, die
Nanoobjekte oder Submikrometerpartikel enthalten oder freisetzen - Teil 5: Verfahren mit
Vortex-Schüttler
Exposition sur les lieux de travail - Mesurage du pouvoir de resuspension des matériaux
en vrac contenant des nano-objets et leurs agrégats et agglomérats - Partie 5: Méthode
impliquant l'utilisation d'un agitateur vortex
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 17199-5
ICS:
13.040.30 Kakovost zraka na delovnem Workplace atmospheres
mestu
oSIST prEN 17199-5:2018 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 17199-5:2018
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 17199-5
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2017
ICS 13.040.30
English Version
Workplace exposure - Measurement of dustiness of bulk
materials that contain or release nano-objects or
submicrometer particles - Part 5: Vortex shaker method
Exposition sur les lieux de travail - Mesurage du Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Messung des
pouvoir de resuspension des matériaux en vrac Staubungsverhaltens von Schüttgütern, die
contenant des nano-objets et leurs agrégats et Nanoobjekte oder Submikrometerpartikel enthalten
agglomérats - Partie 5: Méthode impliquant oder freisetzen - Teil 5: Verfahren mit Vortex-Schüttler
l'utilisation d'un agitateur vortex
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 137.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 17199-5:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 7
5 Principle . 7
6 Equipment . 9
6.1 General . 9
6.2 Test apparatus. 11
7 Requirements . 19
7.1 General . 19
7.2 Technical protective measures . 19
7.3 Conditioning of the test material . 19
7.3.1 General . 19
7.3.2 Specified conditions . 19
7.3.3 As-received conditions . 19
7.4 Temperature and relative humidity . 20
8 Preparation . 20
8.1 Test sample . 20
8.2 Moisture content of the test material . 21
8.3 Bulk density of the test material . 21
8.4 Vortex shaker apparatus . 21
8.5 Aerosol instruments and aerosol samplers. 21
9 Test procedure . 21
10 Evaluation of data . 24
11 Test report . 26
Annex A (informative) Motivation for development of the vortex shaker method. 28
Bibliography . 29
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European foreword
This document (prEN 17199-5:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 137
“Assessment of workplace exposure to chemical and biological agents”, the secretariat of which is held
by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
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Introduction
Dustiness measurement and characterization provides users (e.g. manufacturers, producers,
occupational hygienists and workers) with information on the potential for dust emissions when the
bulk material is handled or processed in workplaces. They provide the manufactures of bulk materials
containing nanoparticles with information that can help to improve their products and reduce their
dustiness. It allows the users of the bulk materials containing nanoparticles to assess the controls and
precautions required for handling and working with the material and the effects of pre-treatments (e.g.
modify surface properties or chemistry). It also allows the users to select less dusty products, if
available. The particle size distribution of the aerosol and the morphology and chemical composition of
its particles can be used by occupational hygienists, scientists and regulators to further characterize the
aerosol in terms of size and chemical composition and to thus aid users to evaluate and control the
health risk of airborne dust.
This European Standard gives details of the design and operation of the vortex shaker test method that
measure the dustiness of bulk materials that contain or release nano-objects or submicrometer
particles in terms of dustiness indices or emission rates corresponding to the respirable fraction.
Dustiness indices as well as emission rates can be determined number- or mass-based. In addition the
test method characterizes the released aerosol by measuring the particle size distribution using direct-
reading aerosol instruments and collects samples for off-line analysis (as required) for their
morphology and their chemical composition.
The vortex shaker method is useful for addressing the ability of bulk solid materials including
nanomaterials (in powder form), to release airborne particles (aerosol) during agitation, the so-called
dustiness.
The vortex shaker method provides a simulation of operation or processes where the agitation
mechanism delivering energy to the powder to release airborne particles is the vibration or shaking
mechanism. Vibration and shaking are mechanisms that are often found in industry, either voluntarily
or involuntarily. Many surfaces receiving powders are vibrating or shaking, as for example during
powder transportation by belt feeder or vibrating conveyor. Moreover, by providing an energetic
aerosolization, the vortex shaker provides even a simulation of the worst case scenario in a workplace,
as for example the (non-recommended) practice of cleaning contaminated worker coveralls and dry
work surfaces with compressed air.
The vortex shaker method presented here differs from the rotating drum, the continuous drop and the
small rotating drum presented in prEN 17199-2:2017 [1], prEN 17199-3:2017 [2] and
prEN 17199-4:2017 [3] respectively. The rotating drum and small rotating drum perform, both,
repeated pouring or agitation of the same sample nanomaterial while the continuous drop simulates
continuous feed of a nanomaterial. The method described in this European Standard, in turn, provides
an agitation to a small test sample of powder.
This European Standard was developed based on the results of pre-normative research [4]. This project
investigated the dustiness of ten bulk materials including nine bulk nanomaterials with the intention to
test as wide a range of bulk nanomaterials as possible in terms of magnitude of dustiness, chemical
composition and primary particle size-distribution as indicated by a high range in specific surface area.
4
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1 Scope
This European Standard provides the methodology for measuring and characterizing the dustiness of
bulk materials that contain or release nano-objects or submicrometer particles, under standard and
reproducible conditions and specifies for that purpose the vortex shaker method.
In addition, this European Standard specifies the selection of instruments and devices and the
procedures for calculating and presenting the results. It also gives guidelines on the evaluation and
reporting of the data.
The methodology described in this European Standard enables
a) the measurement of the respirable dustiness mass fraction,
b) the determination of the mass-based dustiness index of respirable particles in the size range from
about 10 nm to 1 000 nm;
c) the determination of the number-based dustiness index of respirable particles in the size range
from about 10 nm to 1 000 nm;
d) the determination of the number-based emission rate of respirable particles in the size range from
about 10 nm to 1 000 nm;
e) the determination of the number size distribution of the released respirable aerosol in the size
range from about 10 nm to 10 µm;
f) the collection of released airborne particles in the respirable fraction for subsequent observations
and analysis by electron microscopy.
This European Standard is applicable to the testing of a wide range of bulk materials including
nanomaterials in powder form.
NOTE 1 With slightly different configurations of the method specified in this European Standard, dustiness of a
series of carbon nanotubes has been investigated ([5] to 10]). On the basis of this published work, it can be
assumed that the vortex shaker method is also applicable to nanofibres and nanoplates.
This European Standard is not applicable to millimetre-sized granules or pellets containing nano-
objects in either unbound, bound uncoated and coated forms.
NOTE 2 This comes from the configuration of the vortex shaker apparatus and the small test sample required.
Eventually, if future work provides accurate and repeatable data demonstrating that this is possible, the intention
is to revise the European Standard and to introduce this application.
NOTE 3 As observed in the pre-normative research Project [4], the vortex shaker method specified in this
European Standard provides a more energetic aerosolization than the rotating drum, the continuous drop and the
small rotating drum specified in prEN 17199-2:2017 [1], prEN 17199-3:2017 [2] and prEN 17199-4:2017 [3],
respectively. It can better simulate high energy dust dispersion operations or processes where vibration is applied
or even describe a worst case scenario in a workplace, including the (non-recommended) practice of cleaning
contaminated worker coveralls and dry work surfaces with compressed air.
NOTE 4 Currently no classification scheme in terms of dustiness indices or emission rates has been established
according to te vortex shaker method. Eventually, when a large number of measurement data has been obtained,
the intention is to revise the European Standard and to introduce such a classification scheme, if applicable.
5
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2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 481, Workplace atmospheres - Size fraction definitions for measurement of airborne particles
EN 1540, Workplace exposure - Terminology
EN 13205-2, Workplace exposure - Assessment of sampler performance for measurement of airborne
particle concentrations - Part 2: Laboratory performance test based on determination of sampling
efficiency
EN 15051-1, Workplace exposure - Measurement of the dustiness of bulk materials - Part 1: Requirements
and choice of test methods
prEN 17199-1:2017, Workplace exposure - Measurement of dustiness of bulk materials that contain or
release nano-objects or submicrometer particles - Part 1: Requirements and choice of test methods
EN 16897, Workplace exposure - Characterization of ultrafine aerosols/nanoaerosols - Determination of
number concentration using condensation particle counters
ISO 15767, Workplace atmospheres - Controlling and characterizing uncertainty in weighing collected
aerosols
ISO 27891, Aerosol particle number concentration - Calibration of condensation particle counters
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1540, EN 15051-1 and
prEN 17199-1:2017 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
6
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4 Symbols and abbreviations
AES Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
CPC Condensation Particle Counter
1)
® Electrical Low Pressure Impactor
ELPI
EM Electron Microscopy
HEPA High Efficiency Particulate Arrestance
MFC Mass flow controller
ICP Inductively coupled plasma
MPPS Most penetrating particle size
MS Mass Spectrometry
RH Relative Humidity
TEM Transmission Electron Microscopy
XRF X-ray Fluorescence
5 Principle
The vortex shaker method specified in this European Standard measures the dustiness of bulk materials
containing or releasing nano-objects in terms of
— number-based and mass-based dustiness indices of respirable particles in the size range from
about 10 nm to 1 000 nm;
— number-based and mass-based emission rates of respirable particles in the size range from about
10 nm to 1 000 nm.
In addition, this European Standard describes the procedures by which the aerosols can be further
characterized in terms of their particle size distributions and the morphology and chemical composition
of their airborne particles.
The sampling for the purpose of and the execution of qualitative or quantitative analysis of the
morphology and chemical composition of the collected airborne nanostructured particles are described.
Performing these analyses is optional but can provide confirmation of the sizes of the particles
generated and complementary information to the real-time instruments.
Table 1 provides
— an overview of the different measurands, their symbols and units,
— information on whether determining these measurands is mandatory or not, and
— the aerosol instruments and sampling devices needed to determine a measurand.
®
1) ELPI is the trade name or trademark of a product supplied by Dekati. This information is given for the
convenience of users of this European Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by CEN of the product
named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.
7
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prEN 17199-5:2017 (E)
Table 1 — Measurands, aerosol instruments/sampling devices and associated recommendations
for the vortex shaker method
Measurand Symbol Unit Aerosol Recommendation
instrument/sampling
device
Mass-based dustiness index of mg/kg 25 mm- or 37 mm- air Mandatory
I
d,,M re
respirable particles in the size sampling cassette (see
range from about 10 nm to 1 000 6.2.7) mounted on a
nm respirable cyclone (see
6.2.6)
Number-based dustiness index of 1/mg CPC (see 6.2.8) Mandatory
I
d,,N re
respirable particles in the size
range from about 10 nm to 1 000
nm
Number-based emission rate of 1/mg.s CPC (see 6.2.8) Mandatory
E
N,re
respirable particles in the size
range from about 10 nm to 1 000
nm
Number of modes of the time- N - Time-resolved size- Mandatory
M
averaged number size resolved instrument
distribution in aerodynamic covering the particle
equivalent diameter size range from about
10 nm up to about 10
Values of the modal aerodynamic d µm Mandatory
a
µm (see 6.2.9)
diameters corresponding to the
highest mode and to the second
highest mode of the time-
averaged number size
distribution
Number of modes of the time- N — Low-pressure cascade Optional
M
averaged mass size distribution impactor covering the
in aerodynamic equivalent particle size range from
diameter about 10 nm up to
about 10 µm (see 6.2.9)
Values of the modal aerodynamic d µm Optional
a
diameters corresponding to the
highest mode and to the second
highest mode of the time-
averaged mass size distribution
Morphology and chemical — — TEM-grid holder Optional
composition of the individual (see 6.2.10)
Carbon film can be
released particles and
analysed by
agglomerates/aggregates
transmission
electron
microscopy (TEM)
Chemical composition of the — — 25 mm- or 37 mm- air Optional
released particles and sampling cassette made
Filter can be
agglomerates/aggregates from conductive
quantitatively
material (see 6.2.7)
analysed by XRF,
mounted on a
ICP-AES or ICP-MS.
respirable cyclone (see
6.2.6)
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6 Equipment
6.1 General
The test apparatus consists of an especially designed cylindrical container (see 6.2.2), in which a small
3
volume (0,5 cm ) of the test sample is placed that is continuously shook according a circular orbital
motion generated by the vortex shaker apparatus (see 6.2.1).
HEPA filtered air, controlled at (50 ± 5) % RH, passes through the cylindrical container at a flow rate
Q = 4,2 l/min in order to transfer the released aerosol inside the container to the sampling or
VS
measurement section.
An overview of the experimental set-up of the vortex shaker test bench is given in Figure 1.
9
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Key
1 compressed dry air
2 mass flow controller (MFC)
3 humidification system (6.2.3) to deliver 4,2 l/min at (50 ± 5) % RH
4 high-efficiency particle arrestance (HEPA) filter cartridge
5 valve to direct incoming air flow through the cylindrical tube
6 cylindrical container (6.2.2), in which the test sample is poured
7 attachment rubber piece adapted to the design of the bottom of the container
8 vortex shaker apparatus (6.2.1) producing a circular orbital motion
9 valve to direct incoming airflow bypass the cylindrical tube
10 valve to direct outflow to the sampling and measurement section
11 tube to the sampling and measurement section (6.2.5)
NOTE The test bench external dimensions are about 0,6 m × 0,6 m × 0,6 m.
Figure 1 — Overview of the experimental set-up of the vortex shaker test bench
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6.2 Test apparatus
The usual laboratory apparatus and, in particular, the following:
6.2.1 Vortex shaker apparatus, composed of a central unit, in which an eccentric motor is located,
and an attachment rubber piece at the top to maintain the bottom of the cylindrical container (6.2.2).
As shown in Figure 1, the vertical axes of the cylindrical container, the attachment rubber piece and the
central unit shall be coaxial before starting the motor of the vortex shaker.
The vortex shaker apparatus shall produce a circular orbital motion in the horizontal plane. The motion
shall be characterized by displacement amplitude of 4 mm and a rotation speed of 1850 revolutions per
minute.
The agitation motion is created by holding the top of the container in place while allowing the bottom to
move in its circular orbital motion. Thus, the container shall be held by a ring located just below the cap.
The ring shall have an inner diameter of 34 mm and be made of rubber to limit the transfer of vibrations
to the rest of the test bench. It shall be held in place by an attachment piece to the test bench.
Due the vibrations while motor running, central unit shall have resilient rubber pads. Moreover, extra
rubber elements shall be used to limit the lateral and longitudinal displacements of the central unit.
6.2.2 Cylindrical container with the characteristics shown in Figure 2.
The cylindrical container is obtained by assembling three elements made of stainless steel material and
shown in Figure 3.
Figure 2 — Characteristics of the cylindrical container used for the vortex shaker method
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Figure 3 — Characteristics of the three elements to be realized for the assembly of the
cylindrical container
As shown in Figure 4 a cup is screwed onto the cylindrical container. It has an inlet for incoming
particulate-free air and an outlet port through which the released aerosol escapes, which leads to the
sampling or measurement section. The tubing for the inlet and the outlet is made of type 316L stainless
steel material and have an outside diameter of 10 mm and inside diameter of 8 mm.
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Figure 4 — Characteristics of the inlet/outlet tubes screwed on the cylindrical container
Q
VS
The flow of air drawn through the cylindrical container is = 4,2 l/min. It ensures an injection and
aspiration velocity of 1,4 m/s at the inlet and outlet respectively. The air exchange rate inside the cylindrical
container is about 41 min-1. The Reynolds number in the inlet and outlet tubes is Re = 714, which indicates
that the flow is laminar.
6.2.3 Humidification system of incoming and dilution air, see Figure 1, capable of delivering
4,2 l/min of particulate-free air with controlled temperature at (21 ± 3) °C and (50 ± 5) %RH for the
incoming air in the cylindrical container (see 6.2.2).
As second humidification system capable of delivering up to 7,5 l/min of particulate-free air in the same
conditions shall be used for the dilution air prior to the time-resolved size-resolved instrument used for
the measurement of the number size distribution (see Figure 5).
NOTE 1 It is possible to use only one system to supply the two lines needed for the set-up described in Figure 6
in so far as the conditions of air flow, relative humidity and temperature are respected.
NOTE 2 It is suggested to have a humidification system capable of delivering particulate-free air controlled at
relative humidity within the range from 20 % RH to 90 % RH in order to be able to perform measurement under
variable relative humidity.
6.2.4 Sampling trains
As indicated in the test procedure (see Clause 9), a dustiness test carried out according to the vortex
shaker method consists of two distinct steps. Therefore, there are two distinct sampling trains, which
are shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6:
a) For the determination of the mass-based respirable dustiness index configuration A of the
experimental set-up of the vortex shaker method, as shown in Figure 5, is used.
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b) For the determination of the number-based dustiness index, the number-based emission rate, the
particle size-distribution of the released respirable aerosol and for the collection of released
airborne particles in the respirable fraction for subsequent observations and analysis by electron
microscopy configuration B of the experimental set-up of the vortex shaker method, as shown in
Figure 6, is used.
Key
1 compressed dry air
2 mass flow controller (MFC)
3 humidification system (6.2.3) to deliver 4,2 l/min at (50 ± 5) % RH
4 high-efficiency particle arrestance (HEPA) filter cartridge
5 valve to direct incoming air flow through the cylindrical tube
6 cylindrical container (6.2.2), in which the test sample is poured
14
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7 attachment rubber piece adapted to the design of the bottom of the container
8 vortex shaker apparatus (6.2.1) producing a circular orbital motion
9 valve to direct incoming air flow bypass the cylindrical tube
10 valve to direct outflow to the sampling and measurement section
11 tube to the sampling and measurement section (6.2.5)
12 stainless steel cyclone (6.2.6) that collects the respirable aerosol fraction at 4,2 l/min
13 37 mm- or 25 mm- (three-piece-configuration) air sampling cassette (6.2.7) containing a pre-weighed filter for
gravimetric analysis (6.2.13)
14 sampling pump
Figure 5 — Configuration A of the experimental set-up of the vortex shaker method
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Key
1 compressed dry air
2 mass flow controller (MFC)
3 humidification system (6.2.3) to deliver 4,2 l/min at (50 ± 5) % RH
4 high-efficiency particle arrestance (HEPA) filter cartridge
5 valve
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