SIST EN 14364:2013
(Main)Plastics piping systems for drainage and sewerage with or without pressure - Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) based on unsaturated polyester resin (UP) - Specifications for pipes, fittings and joints
Plastics piping systems for drainage and sewerage with or without pressure - Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) based on unsaturated polyester resin (UP) - Specifications for pipes, fittings and joints
This European Standard specifies the required properties of the piping system and its components made from glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) based on unsaturated polyester resin (UP) intended to be used for drainage or sewerage with or without pressure. In a pipework system, pipes and fittings of different nominal pressure and stiffness ratings may be used together. It is applicable to GRP-UP with flexible or rigid joints, primarily intended for use in buried installations.
Kunststoff-Rohrleitungssyteme für Abwasserleitungen und -kanäle mit oder ohne Druck - Glasfaserverstärkte duroplastische Kunststoffe (GFK) auf der Basis von ungesättigtem Polyesterharz (UP) - Festlegungen für Rohre, Formstücke und Verbindungen
Diese Europäische Norm legt die Anforderungen an ein Rohrleitungssystem und dessen Rohrleitungsteile fest, die aus glasfaserverstärkten duroplastischen Kunststoffen (GFK) auf der Basis von ungesättigtem Polyesterharz (UP) hergestellt und für den Einsatz bei der Entwässerung und Abwasserableitung mit oder ohne Druck vorgesehen sind. In einem Rohrleitungssystem können Rohre und Formstücke mit unter-schiedlichen Nenndruckeinstufungen und Steifigkeitsklassen zusammen verwendet werden.
ANMERKUNG 1 Der Anwender oder Auftraggeber ist unter Berücksichtigung seiner eigenen Anforderungen und der geltenden nationalen Festlegungen und Verlegepraktiken oder Codes für die entsprechende Auswahl dieser Kriterien verantwortlich.
Diese Europäische Norm ist auf GFK-UP mit flexiblen oder starren Verbindungen (siehe 3.33 und 3.34) anwendbar, die in erster Linie für die Erdverlegung vorgesehen sind.
ANMERKUNG 2 Rohrleitungssysteme nach dieser Europäischen Norm können auch für oberirdische Anwendungen eingesetzt werden, vorausgesetzt, dass der Einfluss der Umgebung, z. B. UV Strahlung, und die Auflager bei der Dimensionierung (Auslegung) von Rohren, Formstücken und Verbindungen berücksichtigt wurden.
Sie gilt für Rohre, Formstücke und deren Verbindungen mit Nennweiten von DN 100 bis DN 4 000, die für den Transport von Oberflächenwasser oder Abwasser bei Temperaturen bis zu 50 °C, mit oder ohne Druck, vorgesehen sind.
Diese Europäische Norm enthält Festlegungen für einen Bereich von Nennweiten, Nennsteifigkeiten und Nenndrücken.
Abschnitt 6 gilt für Formstücke, die nach folgenden Verfahrensweisen hergestellt werden:
a) Formstücke, die aus geraden Rohren hergestellt werden;
b) Formstücke, die mit besonderen Formen hergestellt werden durch
1) Faserwickeln,
2) Gewebebandwickeln,
3) Kontaktformverfahren,
4) Heiß- oder Kaltpressverfahren.
Diese Europäische Norm ist für Verbindungen anzuwenden, die in sowohl erdverlegten als auch nicht erdverlegten GFK-UP-Rohrleitungssystemen für den Transport von Oberflächenwasser oder Abwasser eingesetzt werden. Sie gilt sowohl für Verbindungen, die dafür vorgesehen sind, einer axialen Belastung standzuhalten, als auch für Verbindungen, die nicht dafür ausgelegt sind. Sie enthält auch Anforderungen zum Nachweis der Gebrauchstauglichkeit der Verbindung. Sie legt die Anforderungen an die Typprüfung von nachstehenden Rohrverbindungen in Abhängigkeit von der vorgegebenen Nenndruckeinstufung der Rohrleitung oder des Rohrleitungssystems fest:
a) Muffe- und Spitzende-Verbindung (entweder in das Rohr eingebaut oder mit Kupplungsmuffe) oder mechanische Verbindung;
b) zugfeste Muffe- und Spitzende-Verbindung;
c) geklebte oder laminierte Verbindung;
d) geschraubte Flanschverbindung.
Systèmes de canalisations en plastique pour l'évacuation et l'assainissement avec ou sans pression - Plastiques thermodurcissables renforcés de verre (PRV) à base de résine de polyester non saturé (UP) - Spécifications pour tubes, raccords et assemblages
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les propriétés requises d'un système de canalisations et de ses composants, fabriqués en plastiques thermodurcissables renforcés de verre (PRV) à base de résine de polyester non saturé (UP) et destinés aux branchements et collecteurs d'assainissement avec ou sans pression. Dans un système de canalisation, des tubes et raccords de pression nominale et de rigidité différentes peuvent être utilisés ensemble.
NOTE 1 Il est de la responsabilité de l’acheteur ou du prescripteur de procéder aux choix appropriés de ces aspects, en tenant compte de leurs exigences particulières et de toute réglementation nationale, règles ou codes de pose appropriés.
La présente Norme européenne s'applique aux PRV-UP, avec assemblages flexibles ou rigides (voir 3.33 et 3.34), destinés à être utilisés principalement dans des installations enterrées.
NOTE 2 Les systèmes de canalisations conformes à la présente Norme peuvent aussi être utilisés pour des canalisations aériennes, sous réserve que l'influence de l'environnement, par exemple celle des rayons UV, et que les supports soit pris en compte dans le dimensionnement des tubes, raccords et assemblages.
Elle s'applique aux tubes, aux raccords et à leurs assemblages de dimensions nominales comprises entre DN 100 et DN 4 000, destinés à être utilisés pour le transport d'eau de surface ou d'assainissement à des températures allant jusqu'à 50 °C, avec ou sans pression.
La présente Norme européenne couvre une série de dimensions nominales, rigidités nominales et pressions nominales.
L'Article 6 est applicable aux raccords fabriqués au moyen de l'une quelconque des techniques suivantes :
a) raccord fabriqué à partir d'un tube droit ;
b) raccord moulé par :
1) enroulement filamentaire ;
2) enroulement de bande ;
3) moulage au contact ;
4) pressage à chaud ou à froid.
La présente norme Européenne est applicable aux assemblages à utiliser dans les systèmes de canalisation PRV-UP, enterrés et aériens, destinés au transport de l'eau. La présente spécification est applicable aux assemblages qui sont ou non destinés à être résistants aux charges axiales. Elle couvre les exigences visant à prouver la conception de l'assemblage. L'Article 7 spécifie les exigences de performance d'un essai de type pour les assemblages suivants, en fonction de la pression nominale déclarée de la canalisation ou du système :
a) assemblage mâle-femelle (soit intégral avec tube ou par manchon d'assemblage) ou assemblage mécanique ;
b) assemblage mâle-femelle verrouillé ;
c) assemblage enrobé ou collé ;
d) assemblage à brides boulonnées.
Cevni sistemi iz polimernih materialov za odvodnjavanje in kanalizacijo s tlakom ali brez njega - S steklenimi vlakni ojačeni duromerni materiali (GRP), ki temeljijo na nenasičeni poliestrski smoli (UP) - Specifikacije za cevi, fitinge in spoje
Ta evropski standard določa zahtevane lastnosti cevnih sistemov in sestavnih delov, ki so izdelani iz duromernih materialov, ojačenih s steklenimi vlakni (GRP), ki temeljijo na nenasičeni poliestrski smoli (UP), ter so namenjeni za odvodnjavanje in kanalizacijo s tlakom ali brez njega. V cevovodnih sistemih se lahko cevi in fitingi z različnim nominalnim tlakom in ocenami trdnosti uporabljajo skupaj. Uporablja se za duromerne materiale, ojačene s steklenimi vlakni, ki temeljijo na nenasičeni poliestrski smoli, z gibljivimi ali negibljivimi spoji, primarno namenjenimi za uporabo v podzemnih inštalacijah.
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Kunststoff-Rohrleitungssyteme für Abwasserleitungen und -kanäle mit oder ohne Druck - Glasfaserverstärkte duroplastische Kunststoffe (GFK) auf der Basis von ungesättigtem Polyesterharz (UP) - Festlegungen für Rohre, Formstücke und VerbindungenSystèmes de canalisations en plastique pour l'évacuation et l'assainissement avec ou sans pression - Plastiques thermodurcissables renforcés de verre (PRV) à base de résine de polyester non saturé (UP) - Spécifications pour tubes, raccords et assemblagesPlastics piping systems for drainage and sewerage with or without pressure - Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) based on unsaturated polyester resin (UP) - Specifications for pipes, fittings and joints93.030Zunanji sistemi za odpadno vodoExternal sewage systems83.120Reinforced plastics23.040.20Cevi iz polimernih materialovPlastics pipesICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14364:2013SIST EN 14364:2013en01-april-2013SIST EN 14364:2013SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 14364:2006+A1:20091DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 14364:2013
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 14364
February 2013 ICS 93.030 Supersedes EN 14364:2006+A1:2008English Version
Plastics piping systems for drainage and sewerage with or without pressure - Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) based on unsaturated polyester resin (UP) - Specifications for pipes, fittings and joints
Systèmes de canalisations en plastique pour l'évacuation et l'assainissement avec ou sans pression - Plastiques thermodurcissables renforcés de verre (PRV) à base de résine de polyester non saturé (UP) - Spécifications pour tubes, raccords et assemblages
Kunststoff-Rohrleitungssyteme für Abwasserleitungen und -kanäle mit oder ohne Druck - Glasfaserverstärkte duroplastische Kunststoffe (GFK) auf der Basis von ungesättigtem Polyesterharz (UP) - Festlegungen für Rohre, Formstücke und Verbindungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 December 2012.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14364:2013: ESIST EN 14364:2013
EN 14364:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword . 5 Introduction . 6 1 Scope . 7 2 Normative references . 8 3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 9 4 General requirements . 17 4.1 Classification . 17 4.1.1 General . 17 4.1.2 Categories . 17 4.1.3 Nominal size . 17 4.1.4 Nominal stiffness . 17 4.1.5 Nominal pressure . 17 4.2 Materials . 18 4.2.1 General . 18 4.2.2 Reinforcement . 18 4.2.3 Resin . 19 4.2.4 Aggregates and fillers . 19 4.2.5 Elastomers . 19 4.2.6 Metals . 19 4.3 Wall construction . 19 4.3.1 Inner layer . 19 4.3.2 Structural layer . 19 4.3.3 Outer layer . 19 4.4 Appearance . 20 4.5 Reference conditions for testing . 20 4.5.1 Temperature . 20 4.5.2 Properties of water for testing . 20 4.5.3 Loading conditions . 20 4.5.4 Preconditioning . 20 4.5.5 Measurement of dimensions. 20 4.6 Elapsed time for determination of long-term properties, (x) . 20 4.7 Joints . 20 4.7.1 General . 20 4.7.2 Types of joint . 20 4.7.3 Flexibility of the jointing system. 21 4.7.4 Sealing ring. 21 4.7.5 Adhesives . 21 5 Pipes . 21 5.1 Geometrical characteristics . 21 5.1.1 Diameter. 21 5.1.2 Wall thickness . 26 5.1.3 Length . 26 5.2 Mechanical characteristics . 27 5.2.1 Initial specific ring stiffness . 27 5.2.2 Long-term specific ring stiffness under wet conditions . 28 5.2.3 Initial resistance to failure in a deflected condition . 29 5.2.4 Ultimate long-term resistance to failure in a deflected condition . 31 SIST EN 14364:2013
EN 14364:2013 (E) 3 5.2.5 Initial specific longitudinal tensile strength . 32 5.2.6 Initial failure and design pressures for pressure pipes . 34 5.2.7 Long-term failure pressure . 36 5.2.8 Resistance to strain corrosion . 38 5.3 Marking . 40 6 Fittings . 41 6.1 General. 41 6.2 Bends . 42 6.2.1 Classification of bends . 42 6.2.2 Dimensions and tolerances of bends . 42 6.3 Branches . 46 6.3.1 Classification of branches . 46 6.3.2 Dimensions and tolerances of branches . 47 6.4 Reducers . 49 6.4.1 Classification of reducers . 49 6.4.2 Dimensions and tolerances of reducers . 50 6.4.3 Mechanical characteristics of tapered section laminate. 51 6.5 Non Pressure Saddles . 52 6.5.1 Classification of saddles . 52 6.5.2 Dimensions and tolerances of saddles . 53 6.6 Flanges . 54 6.6.1 Classification of flanges . 54 6.6.2 Dimensions and tolerances for flanged adaptors . 55 6.7 Marking . 56 7 Joint performance . 57 7.1 General. 57 7.1.1 Interchangeability . 57 7.1.2 Test temperature . 57 7.1.3 Non-pressure piping . 57 7.2 Dimensions . 57 7.3 Non-end-load-bearing flexible joints with elastomeric sealing rings . 57 7.3.1 General . 57 7.3.2 Requirements . 57 7.3.3 Number of test pieces for type test purposes . 58 7.3.4 Test pieces . 58 7.4 End-load-bearing flexible joints with elastomeric sealing rings . 59 7.4.1 General . 59 7.4.2 Performance requirements for locked-socket-and-spigot joints with elastomeric sealing rings 59 7.5 Wrapped or cemented joints . 61 7.5.1 General . 61 7.5.2 Performance requirements . 61 7.5.3 Number of test pieces for type test purposes . 62 7.5.4 Test pieces . 62 7.6 Bolted flange joints . 63 7.6.1 General . 63 7.6.2 Performance requirements . 63 7.6.3 Number of test pieces for type test purposes . 64 7.6.4 Test pieces . 64 7.6.5 Joint assembly details. 64 7.6.6 Torque resistance . 64 Annex A (normative)
Test method for the resistance to bending and pressure of end-thrust loaded joints in pipe systems . 66 A.1 Principle . 66 A.2 Apparatus . 66 SIST EN 14364:2013
EN 14364:2013 (E) 4 A.3 Test pieces . 66 A.4 Test temperature . 67 A.5 Calculation of the bending load F . 67 A.5.1 General . 67 A.5.2 Calculation of F, if applied in the horizontal plane . 67 A.5.3 Calculation of F, if applied in the vertical plane . 68 A.6 Procedure . 69 A.7 Test report . 69 Bibliography. 71
SIST EN 14364:2013
EN 14364:2013 (E) 5 Foreword This document (EN 14364:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 155 “Plastics piping systems and ducting systems”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 14364:2006+A1:2008. The following list is a list of significant technical changes that have been made since the previous edition: changes to many test method references to the more up to date ISO methods; extension of the diameter range to 4 000 mm; completion of the axial strength tables for all PN classes; restructure of the fittings section to be more practical; update of the joint testing criteria. This European Standard is a system standard for plastics piping systems using glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics based on polyester resin (GRP-UP), for drainage and sewerage with or without pressure. System standards are based on the results of the work being undertaken in ISO/TC 138 "Plastics pipes, fittings and valves for the transport of fluids", which is a Technical Committee of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). They are supported by separate standards on test methods, to which references are made throughout the system standard. System standards are consistent with standards on general functional requirements. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
SIST EN 14364:2013
EN 14364:2013 (E) 6 Introduction This system standard specifies the properties of a piping system and its components when made from glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) based on unsaturated polyester resin (UP) intended to be used for drainage and sewerage with or without pressure. The working group responsible for this European Standard is currently working on a test method and requirements for assessing resistance to impact damage. When this work is completed it may result in additional requirements being incorporated into this European Standard. This European Standard was prepared recognising the guidelines of EN 476 [1].
SIST EN 14364:2013
EN 14364:2013 (E) 7 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the required properties of the piping system and its components made from glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) based on unsaturated polyester resin (UP) intended to be used for drainage or sewerage, including culverts, with or without pressure. In a pipework system, pipes and fittings of different nominal pressure and stiffness ratings may be used together. It is the responsibility of the purchaser or specifier to make the appropriate selections taking into account their particular requirements and any relevant national regulations and installation practices or codes. This European Standard is applicable to GRP-UP, with flexible or rigid joints (see 3.33 and 3.34), primarily intended for use in buried installations. NOTE Piping systems conforming to this European Standard can be used also for non-buried applications provided that the influence of the environment, e.g. from UV-radiation, and the supports are considered in the design of the pipes, fittings and joints. It is applicable to pipes, fittings and their joints of nominal sizes from DN 100 to DN 4000, which are intended to be used for the conveyance of surface water or sewage at temperatures up to 50 °C, with or without pressure. This European Standard covers a range of nominal sizes, nominal stiffnesses and nominal pressures. Clause 6 is applicable to fittings made using any of the following techniques: a) fabricated from straight pipe; b) moulded by: 1) filament winding; 2) tape winding; 3) contact moulding; 4) hot or cold press moulding. This European Standard is applicable to the joints to be used in GRP-UP piping systems to be used for the conveyance of water, both buried and non-buried. It is applicable to joints, which are or are not intended to be resistant to axial loading. It covers requirements to prove the design of the joint. It specifies type test performance requirements for the following joints as a function of the declared nominal pressure rating of the pipeline or system: c) socket-and-spigot (either integral with pipe or sleeve coupling) or mechanical joint; d) locked socket-and-spigot joint; e) cemented or wrapped joint; f) bolted flange joint. Recommended practices for the installation of buried pipes made in accordance with this standard is addressed in CEN/TS 14578. Guidelines for the structural analysis of buried GRP-UP pipelines are addressed in CEN/TS 14807. Guidance for the Assessment of Conformity of products made in accordance with this standard is addressed in CEN/TS 14632. SIST EN 14364:2013
EN 14364:2013 (E) 8 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 681-1, Elastomeric seals — Materials requirements for pipe joint seals used in water and drainage applications — Part 1: Vulcanized rubber EN 1119, Plastics piping systems — Joints for glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes and fittings — Test methods for leaktightness and resistance to damage of non-thrust resistant flexible joints with elastomeric sealing elements EN 1447, Plastics piping systems — Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes — Determination of long-term resistance to internal pressure CEN/TS 14578, Plastics piping systems for water supply or drainage or sewerage — Glass reinforced thermosetting plastics (GPR) based on unsaturated polyester resin (UP) — Recommended practice for installation CEN/TS 14632, Plastics piping systems for drainage, sewerage and water supply, pressure and non-pressure — Glass reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) based on unsaturated polyester resin (UP) — Guidance for the assessment of conformity CEN/TS 14807, Plastics piping systems — Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) based on unsaturated polyester resin (UP) — Guidance for the structural analysis of buried GRP-UP pipelines EN ISO 75-2:2004, Plastics — Determination of temperature of deflection under load — Part 2: Plastics, ebonite and long-fibre-reinforced composites (ISO 75-2:2004) EN ISO 527-4, Plastics — Determination of tensile properties — Part 4: Test conditions for isotropic and orthotopic fibre-reinforced plastic composites (ISO 527-4) EN ISO 527-5, Plastics — Determination of tensile properties — Part 5: Test conditions for unidirectional fibre-reinforced plastic composites (ISO 527-5) EN ISO 1452-3, Plastics piping systems for water supply and for buried and above-ground drainage and sewerage under pressure Unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) Part 3: Fittings (ISO 1452-3) EN ISO 3126, Plastics piping systems — Plastics components — Determination of dimensions (ISO 3126) ISO 2531, Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for water applications ISO 4200, Plain end steel tubes, welded and seamless — General tables of dimensions and masses per unit length ISO 7432, Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes and fittings — Test methods to prove the design of locked socket-and-spigot joints, including double-socket joints, with elastomeric seals ISO 7685, Plastics piping systems — Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes — Determination of initial specific ring stiffness ISO 8483, Plastics piping systems for pressure and non-pressure drainage and sewerage — Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) systems based on unsaturated polyester (UP) resin — Test methods to prove the design of bolted flange joints ISO 8513, Plastics piping systems — Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes — Determination of longitudinal tensile properties SIST EN 14364:2013
EN 14364:2013 (E) 9 ISO 8521, Plastic piping systems — Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes — Test methods for the determination of the apparent initial circumferential tensile strength ISO 8533, Plastics piping systems for pressure and non-pressure drainage and sewerage — Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) systems based on unsaturated polyester (UP) resin — Test methods to prove the design of cemented or wrapped joints ISO/TR 10465-3, Underground installation of flexible glass-reinforced pipes based on unsaturated polyester resin (GRP-UP) — Part 3 Installation parameters and application limits ISO 10466, Plastics piping systems — Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes — Test method to prove the resistance to initial ring deflection ISO 10468, Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes — Determination of the long-term specific ring creep stiffness under wet conditions and the calculation of the wet creep factor ISO 10471, Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes — Determination of the long-term ultimate bending strain and long-term ultimate relative ring deflection under wet conditions ISO 10928, Plastics piping systems — Glass reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes and fittings — Methods for regression analysis and their use ISO 10952, Plastics piping
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