SIST EN 60855-1:2017

Live working - Insulating foam-filled tubes and solid rods - Part 1: Tubes and rods of a circular cross-section

This part of IEC 60855 is applicable to insulating foam-filled tubes and solid rods, of a circular
cross-section, made of synthetic materials with reinforced fibreglass and intended to be used in
the manufacture and construction of tools, devices and equipment for carrying out live
working on electrical systems operating at voltages above 1 kV.
Foam-filled tubes and solid rods of cross-section other than circular and/or made with material
other than synthetic materials with reinforced fibreglass are not covered by this part of
IEC 60855.

Arbeiten unter Spannung - Isolierende schaumgefüllte Rohre und massive Stäbe - Teil 1: Rohre und Stäbe mit kreisförmigem Querschnitt

Travaux sous tension - Tubes isolants remplis de mousse et tiges isolantes pleines - Partie 1: Tubes et tiges de section circulaire

L'IEC 60855-1:2016 est applicable aux tubes isolants remplis de mousse et aux tiges isolantes pleines, de section circulaire, fabriqués en matériaux synthétiques avec fibre de verre renforcée et destinés à être utilisés dans la fabrication et la construction des outils, dispositifs et équipements pour réaliser des travaux sous tension sur des réseaux électriques de tension supérieure à 1 kV. Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition parue en 2009. Cette édition constitue une révision technique.

Delo pod napetostjo - Izolacijske s peno polnjene cevi in polne palice - 1. del: Cevi in palice s krožnim prerezom

Ta del standarda IEC 60855 se uporablja za izolacijske s peno polnjene cevi in polne palice s krožnim prerezom, ki so izdelane iz sintetičnih materialov z ojačanimi steklenimi vlakni in namenjene za uporabo v proizvodnji ter pri izdelavi orodja, naprav in opreme za izvajanje del na električnih sistemih, ki delujejo pri napetostih nad 1 kV.
S peno polnjene cevi in polne palice, ki nimajo krožnega prereza in/ali niso izdelane iz sintetičnega materiala z ojačanimi steklenimi vlakni, niso zajete v tem delu standarda IEC 60855.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 16-Mar-2017
• ICS: 13.260 - Protection against electric shock. Live working
• Technical Committee: DPN - Live Working
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 03-Mar-2017
• Due Date: 08-May-2017
• Completion Date: 17-Mar-2017
• Ref Project: EN 60855-1:2017 - Live working - Insulating foam-filled tubes and solid rods - Part 1: Tubes and rods of a circular cross-section

Relations

• Replaces: SIST EN 60855:2001 - Insulating foam-filled tubes and solid rods for live working
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2017
• Replaces: SIST EN 60855:2001 - Insulating foam-filled tubes and solid rods for live working
• Effective Date: 07-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 60855-1:2017
01-april-2017
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 60855:2001
Delo pod napetostjo - Izolacijske s peno polnjene cevi in polne palice - 1. del: Cevi
in palice s krožnim prerezom
Live working - Insulating foam-filled tubes and solid rods - Part 1: Tubes and rods of a
circular cross-section
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60855-1:2017
ICS:
13.260 9DUVWYRSUHGHOHNWULþQLP Protection against electric
XGDURP'HORSRGQDSHWRVWMR shock. Live working
SIST EN 60855-1:2017 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------

SIST EN 60855-1:2017

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------

SIST EN 60855-1:2017


EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60855-1

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM
February 2017
ICS 13.260; 29.240.20; 29.260 Supersedes EN 60855:1996
English Version
Live working - Insulating foam-filled tubes and solid rods - Part 1:
Tubes and rods of a circular cross-section
(IEC 60855-1:2016)
Travaux sous tension - Tubes isolants remplis de mousse Arbeiten unter Spannung - Isolierende schaumgefüllte
et tiges isolantes pleines - Partie 1: Tubes et tiges de Rohre und massive Stäbe - Teil 1: Rohre und Stäbe mit
section circulaire kreisförmigem Querschnitt
(IEC 60855-1:2016) (IEC 60855-1:2016)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2016-06-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.



European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
 Ref. No. EN 60855-1:2017 E

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------

SIST EN 60855-1:2017
EN 60855-1:2017
European foreword
The text of document 78/1147/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 60855-1, prepared by IEC/TC 78 "Live
working" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN 60855-
1:2017.

The following dates are fixed:
(dop) 2017-08-10
• latest date by which the document has to be
implemented at national level by
publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national (dow) 2020-02-10
standards conflicting with the
document have to be withdrawn

This document supersedes EN 60855:1996.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.

Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60855-1:2016 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following note has to be added for the standard indicated.

IEC 61477 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61477.

2

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------

SIST EN 60855-1:2017
EN 60855-1:2017

Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE 1 When an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant

EN/HD applies.

NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here:
www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60060-1 -  High-voltage test techniques -- Part 1: EN 60060-1 -
General definitions and test requirements
IEC 60060-2 -  High-voltage test techniques -- Part 2: EN 60060-2 -
Measuring systems
IEC 60212 2010 Standard conditions for use prior to and EN 60212 2011
during the testing of solid electrical
insulating materials
IEC 61318 -  Live working - Conformity assessment EN 61318 -
applicable to tools, devices and equipment

3

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------

SIST EN 60855-1:2017

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------

SIST EN 60855-1:2017



IEC 60855-1

®


Edition 2.0 2016-04




INTERNATIONAL



STANDARD




NORME



INTERNATIONALE











Live working – Insulating foam-filled tubes and solid rods –

Part 1: Tubes and rods of a circular cross-section




Travaux sous tension – Tubes isolants remplis de mousse et tiges isolantes

pleines –

Partie 1: Tubes et tiges de section circulaire















INTERNATIONAL

ELECTROTECHNICAL

COMMISSION


COMMISSION

ELECTROTECHNIQUE


INTERNATIONALE




ICS 13.260; 29.240.20; 29.260 ISBN 978-2-8322-3348-1



Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.

Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.

® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------

SIST EN 60855-1:2017
– 2 – IEC 60855-1:2016  IEC 2016
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references. 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Requirements . 8
4.1 Materials and design . 8
4.2 Electrical requirements . 8
4.3 Mechanical requirements . 8
4.4 Diameters of foam-filled tubes and solid rods . 8
4.5 Marking . 9
4.6 Packaging . 9
5 Tests . 9
5.1 General . 9
5.2 Type test conditions . 9
5.2.1 General . 9
5.2.2 Groups and test pieces . 10
5.3 Visual and dimensional checks . 10
5.3.1 General . 10
5.3.2 Visual check . 10
5.3.3 Dimensional check . 11
5.4 Electrical tests . 11
5.4.1 General . 11
5.4.2 Dielectric test before and after exposure to humidity . 11
5.4.3 Wet test . 20
5.5 Mechanical tests . 22
5.5.1 Bending test . 22
5.5.2 Torsion test . 24
5.5.3 Crushing test on insulating foam-filled tube . 26
5.5.4 Electrical test after mechanical ageing . 27
5.5.5 Dye penetration test . 28
5.5.6 Durability of marking . 28
6 Conformity assessment of foam-filled tubes and solid rods having completed the
production phase . 28
7 Modifications . 29
Annex A (normative) Plan of carrying out of the type tests . 30
Annex B (normative) Classification of defects and associated requirements and tests . 31
Bibliography . 32

Figure 1 – Typical dielectric test arrangement . 12
Figure 2 – Assembly set-up of the test piece to the guard electrodes . 13
Figure 3 – Constructional drawings for guard electrodes and parts . 15
Figure 4 – Drawings for guard electrode parts according to test piece diameters . 17
Figure 5 – Alternative dielectric test under dry condition – Example of a typical test
arrangement . 19

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------

SIST EN 60855-1:2017
IEC 60855-1:2016  IEC 2016 – 3 –
Figure 6 – Wet test . 21
Figure 7 – Bending test . 23
Figure 8 – Torsion test – Examples for fixing foam-filled tube and solid rod . 25
Figure 9 – Crushing test . 27

Table 1 – Specified diameters . 8
Table 2 – Maximum current I before exposure to humidity . 18
1
Table 3 – Values of F , f and F for bending test . 24
d r
Table 4 – Values of C , a and C for torsion test . 26
d d r
Table 5 – Values of F and F for crushing test . 26
d r
Table A.1 – Chronological order of the type tests . 30
Table B.1 – Classification of defects and associated requirements and tests . 31

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------

SIST EN 60855-1:2017
– 4 – IEC 60855-1:2016  IEC 2016
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________

LIVE WORKING – INSULATING FOAM-FILLED TUBES AND SOLID RODS –

Part 1: Tubes and rods of a circular cross-section

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60855-1 has been prepared by technical committee 78: Live
working.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2009. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
• reintroduction of specific diameters of foam-filled tubes and solid rods of circular cross-
section with its tolerances;
• reintroduction of the dielectric tests before and after exposure to humidity, as included in
IEC 60855-1:2009;
• specification of an alternative test (after exposure to immersion) in case of foam-filled
tubes and solid rods having completed the production phase;
• review of phase angle maximum specified values;

---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------

SIST EN 60855-1:2017
IEC 60855-1:2016  IEC 2016 – 5 –
• review of the wet test procedure and the improvement of the associated test arrangement.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
78/1147/FDIS 78/1156/RVD

Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 60855 series, published under the general title Live working –
Insulating foam-filled tubes and solid rods, can be found on the IEC website.
Terms defined in Clause 3 are given in italic print throughout this standard.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------

SIST EN 60855-1:2017
– 6 – IEC 60855-1:2016  IEC 2016
INTRODUCTION
This part of IEC 60855 has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of IEC 61477.
The product covered by this part of IEC 60855 may have an impact on the environment during
some or all stages of its life cycle. These impacts can range from slight to significant, be
short-term or long-term, and occur at the global, regional or local level.
This part of IEC 60855 does not include requirements and test provisions for the
manufacturers of the product, or recommendations to the users of the product for
environmental improvement. However, all parties intervening in its design, manufacture,
packaging, distribution, use, maintenance, repair, reuse, recovery and disposal are invited to
take account of environmental considerations.
Technical committee 78 is considering the preparation of IEC 60855-2, which would cover
foam-filled tubes and solid rods of cross-section other than circular.

---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------

SIST EN 60855-1:2017
IEC 60855-1:2016  IEC 2016 – 7 –
LIVE WORKING – INSULATING FOAM-FILLED TUBES AND SOLID RODS –

Part 1: Tubes and rods of a circular cross-section



1 Scope
This part of IEC 60855 is applicable to insulating foam-filled tubes and solid rods, of a circular
cross-section, made of synthetic materials with reinforced fibreglass and intended to be used in
the manufacture and construction of tools, devices and equipment for carrying out live
working on electrical systems operating at voltages above 1 kV.
Foam-filled tubes and solid rods of cross-section other than circular and/or made with material
other than synthetic materials with reinforced fibreglass are not covered by this part of
IEC 60855.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60060-1, High-voltage test techniques – Part 1: General definitions and test requirements
IEC 60060-2, High-voltage test techniques – Part 2: Measuring systems
IEC 60212:2010, Standard conditions for use prior to and during the testing of solid electrical
insulating materials
IEC 61318, Live working – Conformity assessment applicable to tools, devices and equipment
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 61318 and the
following apply.
3.1
foam
insulating material composed of closed cells, generally made of polyurethane, used to prevent
the ingress and migration of moisture
Note 1 to entry: Foam is the inner support to manufacture the foam-filled tubes covered by this part of IEC 60855.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-651:2014, 651-22-03, modified – The note has been changed to refer
specifically to the foam filled tubes covered by this part of IEC 60855.]
3.2
insulating foam-filled tube
foam-filled tube
tube of uniform circular cross-section supplied in straight lengths, manufactured on a foam
and constructed or formed of synthetic insulating rigid material with reinforced fibreglass

---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------

SIST EN 60855-1:2017
– 8 – IEC 60855-1:2016  IEC 2016
3.3
insulating solid rod
solid rod
solid product of uniform circular cross-section supplied in straight lengths, constructed or
formed of synthetic insulating rigid reinforced material
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-651:2014, 651-22-04, modified – The term and its definition have been
changed to refer specifically to insulating solid rods covered by this part of IEC 60855.]
4 Requirements
4.1 Materials and design
Foam-filled tubes and solid rods shall be made of synthetic insulating material with reinforced
fibreglass.
NOTE Yellow, orange and red are the preferred colours to indicate that the material has insulating properties.
If any coating is applied, it may be transparent or coloured.
The foam filling shall be bonded to the wall of the insulating tube, and neither the foam nor
the bond shall be deteriorated during the tests, other than those tests which lead to
destruction of the parts. The foam filling shall be free of voids, separations, cracks or other
defects.
4.2 Electrical requirements
The material and the design of foam-filled tubes and solid rods shall have insulating
properties.
The external surface of the foam-filled tubes and solid rods shall have hydrophobic properties.
4.3 Mechanical requirements
The material and the design of foam-filled tubes and solid rods shall have mechanical
resistance properties.
4.4 Diameters of foam-filled tubes and solid rods
All measured diameters shall fall within the tolerance limits specified in Table 1.
Table 1 – Specified diameters
External nominal diameter Tolerance on external diameter
Item
mm mm
10 ± 1
Solid rod
15
± 1
32 ± 1
39 ± 1,1
Foam-filled tube 51
± 1,2
64 ± 1,3
77 ± 1,5

---------------------- Page: 14 ----------------------

SIST EN 60855-1:2017
IEC 60855-1:2016  IEC 2016 – 9 –
4.5 Marking
Embossed marking is prohibited.
The marking of each foam-filled tube and solid rod shall include the following information as a
minimum:
• name or trademark of the manufacturer;
• external nominal diameter;
• date of manufacture (month and year) and identification number when available;
• number of the relevant IEC standard (IEC 60855-1).
Other characteristics or information not needed at the work location, like the year of
publication of the standard, shall be associated to the product item by other means, such as
coded information (bar codes, microchips, etc.) on the product or on its packaging.
The marking shall be clearly legible to a person with normal or corrected vision, without
additional magnification. The marking shall be durable and shall not affect the electrical
performance of foam-filled tubes and solid rods.
4.6 Packaging
The marking of each pack shall include the following information as a minimum:
• name or trademark of the manufacturer;
• external nominal diameter;
• date of manufacture (month and year) and identification number when available;
• number of the relevant IEC standard (IEC 60855-1).
The packaging should reduce abrasive or direct contact with other foam-filled tubes or solid
rods or any surface that could damage the polished surface.
5 Tests
5.1 General
This part of IEC 60855 provides testing provisions to demonstrate that the foam-filled tubes
and solid rods comply with the requirements of Clause 4. These testing provisions are
primarily intended to be used for type testing for validation of the design input. Where
relevant, alternative means (calculation, examination, tests, etc.), are specified within the test
subclauses for the purpose of foam-filled tubes and solid rods having completed the
production phase (see Annex B).
5.2 Type test conditions
5.2.1 General
To comply with this part of IEC 60855, the design of the product shall fulfil all the type tests
listed in Table A.1.
The type tests shall be carried out following the order given in Table A.1.
Each test shall be carried out on each separate test piece in the relevant group.
Any test piece failing to pass any one of the tests mentioned in Annex A shall result in the
design being rejected.

---------------------- Page: 15 ----------------------

SIST EN 60855-1:2017
– 10 – IEC 60855-1:2016  IEC 2016
For all type tests, environmental conditions in the test room shall comply with the normal
atmospheric conditions provided in Table 2 of IEC 60212:2010, at a temperature of between
15 °C and 35 °C, with a relative humidity between 25 % and 75 % (taking into account Note 4
of Table 2 of IEC 60212:2010).
Nevertheless, for the electrical test the atmospheric conditions shall be at temperature
between 18 °C and 28 °C, with a relative humidity between 45 % and 75 %.
This part of IEC 60855 covers foam-filled tubes and solid rods for use at temperatures
between –25 °C and +55 °C and at a relative humidity between 20 % and 93 %. For foam-
filled tubes and solid rods intended to be used in unusual atmospheric conditions (higher or
lower temperatures, higher relative humidity), the tests should be more restricting and be
carried out in appropriate conditions.
Unless otherwise specified, for all type tests, the tolerance on the dimensions shall be
± 0,5 %.
When a visual check is specified, it shall be understood to be a visual check by a person with
normal or corrected vision without additional magnification.
5.2.2 Groups and test pieces
The manufacturer shall supply lengths of foam-filled tubes and solid rods to provide the
following groups of test pieces. For each test piece of every group the corresponding length
shall be cut at least to 0,1 m from the end of the initial length of solid rod or foam-filled tube
provided by the manufacturer.
Group 1: three test pieces of 0,3 m.
Group 2: three test pieces of 1,2 m.
Group 3: three test pieces of 2,5 m in case of foam-filled tube and 2 m in case of solid rod.
Group 4: three test pieces of 1,2 m.
Group 5: (for foam-filled tubes only): three test pieces of length equal to three times the
external diameter ± 5 %.
Group 6: three test pieces of 2,5 m.
Group 7: three test pieces of (100 ± 5) mm.
One length of 2 m shall be kept as a reference specimen.
The equipment used to cut the test pieces shall not leave any trace of overheating on the
cross-section. The cut shall be clean, showing no signs of tearing of the fibres and shall be
made perpendicular to the axis of the foam-filled tube and solid rod.
5.3 Visual and dimensional checks
5.3.1 General
These checks shall be carried out to ensure that the general requirements are fulfilled and
that the dimensions comply with the specifications.
5.3.2 Visual check
Initial lengths and test pieces shall be checked visually to verify the elements of marking, the
packaging and to detect constructional defects.
There are two levels of inspection to detect constructional defects:

---------------------- Page: 16 ----------------------

SIST EN 60855-1:2017
IEC 60855-1:2016  IEC 2016 – 11 –
a) A first visual check shall be carried out on each of the initial lengths of foam-filled tube
and solid rod provided by the manufacturer before the test pieces are cut from them. This
is to detect any surface defects such as obviously faulty bonding between the fibre and
the resin, voids underneath the varnish, foreign bodies, protrusions, dirt, bumps or
scratches and absence of marks. Any defect shall result in rejection of the initial length.
b) A second visual check shall be carried out on each of the test pieces after they have been
cut. This is to detect any internal defects around the visible part of the cross-section, and
more particularly, any signs of detachment between the foam and the resin, and foam of
poor quality (voids, cracks). Any such defect shall resu
...