SIST EN 61108-1:2004
(Main)Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems - Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) -- Part 1: Global positioning system (GPS) - Receiver equipment - Performance standards, methods of testing and required test results
Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems - Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) -- Part 1: Global positioning system (GPS) - Receiver equipment - Performance standards, methods of testing and required test results
Specifies the minimum performance standards, methods of testing and required test results for GPS shipborne receiver equipment, based on the relevant IMO Resolution, which uses the signals from the United States of America, Department of Defence (US DOD), Global Positioning System (GPS) in order to determine position.
Navigations- und Funkkommunikationsgeräte und -systeme für die Seeschifffahrt - Weltweite Navigations-Satellitensysteme (GNSS) -- Teil 1: Weltweites Ortungssystem (GPS) - Empfangsanlagen - Funktionsanforderungen, Prüfverfahren und geforderte Prüfergebnisse
Matériels et systèmes de navigation et de radiocommunication maritimes - Système mondial de navigation par satellite (GNSS) -- Partie 1: Système de positionnement par satellite GPS - Matériel de réception - Normes de fonctionnement, méthodes d'essai et résultats d'essai exigibles
Cette norme existe en langue anglaise uniquement.
Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems - Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) - Part 1: Global positioning system (GPS) - Receiver equipment - Performance standards, methods of testing and required test results (IEC 61108-1:2003)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI SIST EN 61108-1:2004
STANDARD
julij 2004
Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems - Global
navigation satellite systems (GNSS) - Part 1: Global positioning system (GPS) -
Receiver equipment - Performance standards, methods of testing and required test
results (IEC 61108-1:2003)
ICS 47.020.70 Referenčna številka
SIST EN 61108-1:2004(en)
© Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno
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EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 61108-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM October 2003
ICS 47.020.70 Supersedes EN 61108-1:1996
English version
Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems –
Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS)
Part 1: Global positioning system (GPS) – Receiver equipment –
Performance standards, methods of testing and required test results
(IEC 61108-1:2003)
Matériels et systèmes de navigation Navigations- und
et de radiocommunication maritimes – Funkkommunikationsgeräte
Système mondial de navigation und -systeme für die Seeschifffahrt –
par satellite (GNSS) Weltweite Navigations-Satellitensysteme
Partie 1: Système de positionnement (GNSS)
par satellite GPS – Teil 1: Weltweites Ortungssystem (GPS) –
Matériel de réception – Empfangsanlagen –
Normes de fonctionnement, méthodes Funktionsanforderungen, Prüfverfahren
d'essai et résultats d'essai exigibles und geforderte Prüfergebnisse
(CEI 61108-1:2003) (IEC 61108-1:2003)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2003-10-01. CENELEC members are bound to
comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and
notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels
© 2003 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 61108-1:2003 E
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EN 61108-1:2003 - 2 -
Foreword
The text of document 80/371/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 61108-1, prepared by IEC TC 80, Maritime
navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC
parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 61108-1 on 2003-10-01.
This European Standard supersedes EN 61108-1:1996.
It includes the following technical changes:
a) it reflects the changes brought about by IMP adopting GPS as part of the carriage requirement on
ships defined in SOLAS Chapter V;
b) the new IMO performance standards, resolution MSC.112(73), replaced the previous issue,
A.819(19), for new installations on the 1st of July 2002. This second edition of N 61108-1
incorporates revised tests for type approvals to the new performance standard;
c) changes include the need for a data output to the EN 61162 series giving COG SOG and UTC with
validity marking, operation during interference conditions and improved failure warnings.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2004-07-01
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2006-10-01
Annexes designated "normative" are part of the body of the standard.
In this standard, annex ZA is normative.
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 61108-1:2003 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
__________
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- 3 - EN 61108-1:2003
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the
publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any
of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or
revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including
amendments).
NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant
EN/HD applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
1)
IEC 60721-3-6 1987 Classification of environmental EN 60721-3-6 1993
conditions
Part 3: Classification of groups of
environmental parameters and their
severities
Section 6: Ship environment
2) 3)
IEC 60945 - Maritime navigation and EN 60945 2002
radiocommunication equipment and
systems - General requirements -
Methods of testing and required test
results
IEC 61162 Series Maritime navigation and EN 61162 Series
radiocommunication equipment and
systems - Digital interfaces
IMO Resolution 1983 Accuracy standards for navigation - -
A.529(13)
IMO Resolution 1991 General requirements for shipborne - -
A.694(17) radio equipment forming part of the
global maritime distress and safety
system (GMDSS) and for electronic
navigational aids
IMO Resolution 1995 Worldwide radionavigation system - -
A.815(19)
IMO Resolution 2000 Performance standards for shipborne - -
MSC.112(73) global positioning system (GPS)
receiver equipment
1)
EN 60721-3-6 includes A1:1991 to IEC 60721-3-6.
2)
Undated reference.
3)
Valid edition at date of issue.
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EN 61108-1:2003 - 4 -
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IMO Resolution 2000 Performance standards for shipborne - -
MSC.114(73) DGPS and DGLONASS maritime radio
beacon receiver equipment
ITU-R 1995 Technical characteristics of differential - -
Recommendation transmissions for global navigation
M.823-1 satellite systems (GNSS) from maritime
radio beacons in the frequency band
285 kHz - 325 kHz (283,5 kHz - 315 kHz
in Region 1)
ITU-R 1997 Techhnical characteristics of differential - -
Recommendation transmissions for Global Navigation
M.823-2 Satellite Systems from maritime radio
beacons in the frequency band 283.5 -
315 kHz in Region 1 and 285 - 325 kHz
in Regions 2 and 3
ITU-R 2000 Technical and performance - -
Recommendation characteristics of current and planned
M.1477 radionavigation-satellite service (space-
to-Earth) and aeronautical radio-
navigation service receivers to be
considered in interference studies in the
band 1 559 - 1 610 MHz
- 2001 Global Positioning System – Standard
Positioning Service – Performance
Specification (USA Department of
Defence)
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INTERNATIONAL IEC
STANDARD
61108-1
Second edition
2003-07
Maritime navigation and radiocommunication
equipment and systems –
Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) –
Part 1:
Global positioning system (GPS) –
Receiver equipment – Performance standards,
methods of testing and required test results
Matériels et systèmes de navigation et
de radiocommunication maritimes –
Système mondial de navigation par satellite (GNSS) –
Partie 1:
Système de positionnement par satellite GPS –
Matériel de réception – Normes de fonctionnement,
méthodes d'essai et résultats d'essai exigibles
© IEC 2003 ⎯ Copyright - all rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland
Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmail@iec.ch Web: www.iec.ch
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– 2 – 61108-1 © IEC:2003(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references. 5
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations. 6
3.1 Definitions . 6
3.2 Abbreviations. 6
4 Minimum performance standards . 7
4.1 Object. 7
4.2 GPS receiver equipment . 7
4.3 Performance standards for GPS receiver equipment. 8
5 Methods of testing and required test results.15
5.1 Test sites.15
5.2 Test sequence .15
5.3 Standard test signals .15
5.4 Determination of accuracy .16
5.5 Test conditions .16
5.6 Methods of test and required test results .17
5.7 Typical interference conditions .24
5.8 Performance checks under IEC 60945 conditions .28
Figure 1 – Broadband interference environment .25
Figure 2 – CW interference mask .25
Table 1 – Acquisition time limits .10
Table 2 – Accuracy of COG.14
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61108-1 © IEC:2003(E) – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
MARITIME NAVIGATION AND RADIOCOMMUNICATION
EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS –
GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS (GNSS) –
Part 1: Global positioning system (GPS) –
Receiver equipment –
Performance standards, methods of testing
and required test results
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to
technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this
preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also
participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization
(ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61108-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 80:
Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1996.
This edition of the IEC standard for GPS, compared to the previous edition, includes the
following technical changes:
a) it reflects the changes brought about by IMO adopting GPS as part of the carriage
requirement on ships defined in SOLAS Chapter V;
b) the new IMO performance standard, resolution MSC.112(73), replaced the previous issue,
A.819(19), for new installations on the 1st of July 2002. This second edition of IEC 61108-1
incorporates revised tests for type approvals to the new performance standard;
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c) changes include the need for a data output to the IEC 61162 series giving COG SOG and
UTC with validity marking, operation during interference conditions and improved failure
warnings.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
80/371/FDIS 80/373/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
2005. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this standard may be issued at a later date.
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61108-1 © IEC:2003(E) – 5 –
MARITIME NAVIGATION AND RADIOCOMMUNICATION
EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS –
GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS (GNSS) –
Part 1: Global positioning system (GPS) –
Receiver equipment –
Performance standards, methods of testing
and required test results
1 Scope
This part of IEC 61108 specifies the minimum performance standards, methods of testing and
required test results for GPS shipborne receiver equipment, based on IMO Resolution
MSC.112(73), which uses the signals from the United States of America, Department of
Defence (US DOD), Global Positioning System (GPS) in order to determine position. A
description of the GPS SPS is given in the normative reference – GPS, SPS signal specifi-
cation – USA Department of Defence – 3rd Edition October 2001. This receiver standard
applies to phases of the voyage "other waters" as defined in IMO Resolution A.529(13).
All text of this standard, whose meaning is identical to that in IMO Resolution MSC.112(73), is
printed in italics and the Resolution and paragraph number indicated between brackets i.e.
(M.112/A1.2).
The requirements in clause 4 are cross-referenced to the tests in clause 5 and vice versa.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60721-3-6:1987, Classification of environmental conditions – Part 3: Classification of
groups of environmental parameters and their severities – Ship environment
IEC 60945, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems – General
requirements – Methods of testing and required test results
IEC 61162 (all parts), Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems –
Digital interfaces
IMO Resolution A.529(13):1983, Accuracy standards for navigation
IMO Resolution A.694(17):1991, General requirements for shipborne radio equipment forming
part of the Global maritime distress and safety system (GMDSS) and for electronic
navigational aids
IMO Resolution A.815(19):1995, Worldwide radionavigation system
IMO Resolution MSC.112(73):2000, Performance standards for shipborne global positioning
system (GPS) receiver equipment
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IMO Resolution MSC.114(73):2000, Performance standards for shipborne DGPS and
DGLONASS maritime radio beacon receiver equipment
ITU-R Recommendation M.823-1:1995, Technical characteristics of differential transmissions
for global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) from maritime radio beacons in the frequency
band 285 kHz-325 kHz (283,5 kHz-315 kHz in Region 1)
ITU-R Recommendation M.823-2:1997, Technical characteristics of differential transmissions
for Global Navigation Satellite Systems from maritime radio beacons in the frequency band
283.5-315 kHz in Region 1 and 285-325 kHz in Regions 2 and 3
ITU-R Recommendation M.1477:2000, Technical and performance characteristics of current
and planned radionavigation-satellite service (space-to-Earth) and aeronautical radio-
navigation service receivers to be considered in interference studies in the band 1 559-
1 610 MHz
Global Positioning System – Standard Positioning Service – Performance Specification –
USA Department of Defence – 3rd Edition October 2001
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, all definitions and abbreviations used are the same as
those used in the normative reference of the GPS SPS performance signal specification.
3.1 Definitions
3.1.1
integrity
ability of the system to provide users with warnings within a specified time when the system
should not be used for navigation
3.2 Abbreviations
COG – Course Over Ground
DGPS – Differential Global Positioning System
GPS – Global Positioning System
HDOP – Horizontal Dilution Of Precision
PDOP – Position Dilution Of Precision
RAIM – Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitor
SDME – Speed and Distance Measuring Equipment
SOG – Speed Over Ground
SPS – Standard Positioning Service
USNO – United States Naval Observatory
UTC – Universal Time Coordinated
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61108-1 © IEC:2003(E) – 7 –
4 Minimum performance standards
4.1 Object
(M.112/A1.2) Receiver equipment for the Global Positioning System (GPS) system intended
for navigational purposes on ships with maximum speeds not exceeding 70 knots shall, in
1
addition to the general requirements contained in resolution A.694(17) , comply with the
following minimum performance requirements.
(M.112/A1.3) This standard covers the basic requirements of position fixing for navigation
purposes only and does not cover other computational facilities which may be provided in the
equipment.
This standard contains the basic minimum performance standards for use of GPS Standard
Positioning Service (SPS) signals for navigational position fixing, including differential
corrections, and, in addition, for the determination of speed and direction of the movement of
the antenna over the ground.
Other computational activity, input/output activity or extra display functions which may be
provided shall not degrade the performance of the equipment below the minimum
performance standards set out in this standard.
The GPS receiver equipment shall comply with
– the provisions of IMO Resolutions A.529(13), A.815(19), MSC.112(73) and A.694(17),
– the accuracy requirements of the GPS SPS Performance Standard,
– IEC 61162-1, IEC 61162-2, as appropriate, on digital interfaces, and
– shall be tested in accordance with IEC 60945.
NOTE For high speed craft purposes the EUT has to provide an IEC 61162-2 interface with a position update rate
of 2 Hz.
4.2 GPS receiver equipment
(See 5.6.1)
4.2.1 Minimum facilities
(M.112/A2.1) The words "GPS receiver equipment" as used in these performance standards
include all the components and units necessary for the system to properly perform its
intended functions. The equipment shall include the following minimum facilities:
a) antenna capable of receiving GPS signals;
b) GPS receiver and processor;
c) means of accessing the computed latitude/longitude position;
d) data control and interface; and
e) position display and, if required, other forms of output.
4.2.2 Configuration
The GPS receiver equipment may be supplied in one of several configurations to provide the
necessary position information. Examples are:
———————
1
Refer to Publication IEC 60945.
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– stand-alone receiver with means of accessing computed position via a keyboard with the
positional information suitably displayed;
–GPS black box receiver fed with operational parameters from external devices/remote locations
and feeding an integrated system with means of access to the computed position via an
appropriate interface, and the positional information available to at least one remote
location.
The above examples should not be implied as limiting the scope of future development.
4.2.3 Quality assurance
The equipment shall be designed produced and documented by companies complying with
approved quality systems as applicable.
4.3 Performance standards for GPS receiver equipment
4.3.1 General
(See 5.6.2)
(M.112/A3.1) The GPS receiver equipment shall be capable of receiving and processing the
Standard Positioning Service (SPS) and provide position information in latitude and longitude
World Geodetic System (WGS-84) co-ordinates in degrees, minutes and thousandths of
minutes and time of solution referenced to UTC (USNO). Means may be provided to transform
the computed position based upon WGS-84 into data compatible with the datum of the
navigational chart in use. Where this facility exists, the display shall indicate that co-ordinate
conversion is being performed and shall identify the co-ordinate system in which the position
is expressed.
(M.112/A3.2) The GPS receiver equipment shall operate on the L1 signal and C/A code.
4.3.2 Equipment output
(See 5.6.3)
(M.112/A3.3) The GPS receiver equipment shall be provided with at least one output from
which position information can be supplied to other equipment. The output of position
information based upon WGS-84 shall be in accordance with International Standards –
IEC 61162.
The position information output shall be in accordance with IEC 61162 as follows:
For positioning reporting purposes the following sentences shall be available in any
combination.
DTM – Datum reference
GBS – GNSS satellite fault detection
GGA – GPS fix data
GNS – GNSS fix data
RMC – Recommended minimum specific GNSS data
VTG – Course over ground and ground speed
ZDA – Time and date
If a sentence uses a datum other than WGS-84 then the DTM sentence must be used in
compliance with IEC 61162.
In addition, for integrating with other navigational aids the following sentences may be
available in any combination.
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61108-1 © IEC:2003(E) – 9 –
GRS – GNSS range residuals
GSA – GNSS DOP and active satellites
GST – GNSS pseudorange error statistics
GSV – GNSS satellites in view
NOTE GRS, GSA, GST, GSV are required to support external integrity checking. They are to be synchronized
with corresponding fix data (GGA or GNS).
4.3.3 Accuracy
(See 5.6.4)
4.3.3.1 Static accuracy
(M.112/A3.4) The GPS receiver equipment shall have static accuracy such that the
horizontal position of the antenna is determined to within 100 m (95 %) with horizontal dilution
of precision (HDOP) ≤4 (or PDOP ≤6). Since Selective Availability has been set to zero, the
static accuracy has been determined to be within 13 m (95 %) as specified by the GPS SPS
Performance Standards of October 2001.
4.3.3.2 Dynamic accuracy
(M.112/A3.5) The GPS receiver equipment shall have dynamic accuracy such that the
position of the ship is determined to within 100 m (95 %) with HDOP ≤ 4 (or PDOP ≤6) under
2
the conditions of sea state and ship's motion likely to be experienced in ships. . Since
Selective Availability has been set to zero, the dynamic accuracy has been determined to be
within 13 m (95 %) as specified by the GPS SPS Performance Standards of October 2001.
4.3.4 Acquisition
(See 5.6.5)
(M.112/A3.6) The GPS receiver equipment shall be capable of selecting automatically the
appropriate satellite transmitted signals for determination of the ship's position with the
required accuracy and update rate.
(M.112/A3.8) The GPS receiver equipment shall be capable of acquiring position to the
required accuracy, within 30 min, when there is no valid almanac data.
(M.112/A3.9) The GPS receiver equipment shall be capable of acquiring position to the
required accuracy, within 5 min, when there is valid almanac data.
(M.112/A3.10) The GPS receiver equipment shall be capable of re-acquiring position to the
required accuracy, within 5 min, when the GPS signals are interrupted for a period of at least
24 h, but there is no loss of power.
(M.112/A3.11) The GPS receiver equipment shall be capable of re-acquiring position to the
required accuracy, within 2 min, when subjected to a power interruption of 60 s.
Acquisition is defined as the processing of GPS satellite signals to obtain a position fix within
the required accuracies.
Four conditions of the GPS receiver equipment are set out under which the minimum
performance standards shall be met.
———————
2
IMO Resolution A.694 (17), IEC 60721-3-6 and IEC 60945.
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Condition A
Initialization – the equipment has
– been transported over large distances (>1000 km to <10 000 km) without power or GPS
signals or by the deletion of the current almanac; or
– not been powered for >7 days.
Condition B
Power outage: under normal operation the equipment loses power for at least 24 h.
Condition C
Interruption of GPS signal reception – under normal operation the GPS signal reception is
interrupted for at least 24 h, but there is no loss of power.
Condition D
Brief interruption of power for 60 s.
No user action other than applying power and providing a clear view from the antenna for the
GPS signals, shall be necessary, from any of the initial conditions above, in order to achieve
the required acquisition time limits in Table 1.
Table 1 – Acquisition time limits
Equipment condition A B C D
Acquisition time limits 30 5 5 2
(minutes)
4.3.5 Protection
(See 5.6.6)
4.3.5.1 Antenna and input/output connections
(M.112/A4) Precautions shall be taken to ensure that no permanent damage can result from
an accidental short circuit or grounding of the antenna or any of its input or output
connections or any of the GPS receiver equ
...
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