SIST EN 60034-4:2008
(Main)Rotating electrical machines - Part 4: Methods for determining synchronous machine quantities from tests (IEC 60034-4:2008)
Rotating electrical machines - Part 4: Methods for determining synchronous machine quantities from tests (IEC 60034-4:2008)
This part of IEC 60034 applies to three-phase synchronous machines of 1 kVA rating and larger with rated frequency of not greater than 500 Hz and not less than 10 Hz. Most of the methods are intended to be used for machines having an excitation winding with slip-rings and brushes for their supply. Synchronous machines with brushless excitation require special effort for some of the tests. For machines with permanent magnet excitation, there is a limited applicability of the described tests, and special precautions have to be taken against irreversible demagnetization. Excluded are axial-field machines and special synchronous machines such as inductor type machines and transversal flux machines. It is not intended that this standard be interpreted as requiring any or all of the tests described therein on any given machine. The particular tests to be carried out shall be subject to agreement between manufacturer and customer.
Drehende elektrische Maschinen - Teil 4: Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Kenngrößen von Synchronmaschinen durch Messungen (IEC 60034-4:2008)
Machines électriques tournantes - Partie 4: Méthodes pour la détermination, à partir d'essais, des grandeurs des machines synchrones (CEI 60034-4:2008)
La CEI 60034-4:2008 est applicable aux machines synchrones triphasées dont la puissance assignée est supérieure ou égale à 1 kVA et dont la fréquence assignée est comprise entre 10 Hz au moins et 500 Hz au plus. Les principales modifications apportées à l'édition précédente sont les suivantes: - suppression de certains essais du fait d'un manque de pertinence dans la pratique; - ajout de dispositions pour les essais sur des machines à excitation sans balais; - ajout d'un tableau des méthodes d'essai indiquant les essais préférentiels et les références.
Električni rotacijski stroji - 4. del: Metode za preskusno ugotavljanje veličin sinhronskih strojev (IEC 60034-4:2008)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 60034-4:2008
01-december-2008
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SIST EN 60034-4:1999
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Rotating electrical machines - Part 4: Methods for determining synchronous machine
quantities from tests (IEC 60034-4:2008)
Drehende elektrische Maschinen - Teil 4: Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Kenngrößen von
Synchronmaschinen durch Messungen (IEC 60034-4:2008)
Machines électriques tournantes - Partie 4: Méthodes pour la détermination, à partir
d'essais, des grandeurs des machines synchrones (CEI 60034-4:2008)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60034-4:2008
ICS:
29.160.01 Rotacijski stroji na splošno Rotating machinery in
general
SIST EN 60034-4:2008 en,fr
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 60034-4:2008
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SIST EN 60034-4:2008
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 60034-4
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2008
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 29.160 Supersedes EN 60034-4:1995
English version
Rotating electrical machines -
Part 4: Methods for determining synchronous machine quantities
from tests
(IEC 60034-4:2008)
Machines électriques tournantes - Drehende elektrische Maschinen -
Partie 4: Méthodes pour la détermination, Teil 4: Verfahren zur Ermittlung
à partir d'essais, des grandeurs der Kenngrößen von Synchronmaschinen
des machines synchrones durch Messungen
(CEI 60034-4:2008) (IEC 60034-4:2008)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2008-07-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels
© 2008 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 60034-4:2008 E
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SIST EN 60034-4:2008
EN 60034-4:2008 - 2 -
Foreword
The text of document 2/1488/FDIS, future edition 3 of IEC 60034-4, prepared by IEC TC 2, Rotating
machinery, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as
EN 60034-4 on 2008-07-01.
This European Standard supersedes EN 60034-4:1995.
The main changes with respect to EN 60034-4:1995 are listed below:
– tests described in supplement A of EN 60034-4:1995 were partly removed for lack of relevance in
current practice;
– provisions were made for tests on machines with brushless excitation;
– a table of test methods indicates preferred tests, and a test cross-reference is provided;
– the conventional two-axes salient-pole machine model description was added in an annex.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
(dop) 2009-04-01
national standard or by endorsement
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
(dow) 2011-07-01
with the EN have to be withdrawn
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60034-4:2008 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
__________
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SIST EN 60034-4:2008
- 3 - EN 60034-4:2008
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60034-1 2004 Rotating electrical machines - EN 60034-1 2004
Part 1: Rating and performance
1) 2)
IEC 60034-2-1 - Rotating electrical machines - EN 60034-2-1 2007
Part 2-1: Standard methods for determining
losses and efficiency from tests (excluding
machines for traction vehicles)
1)
IEC 60034-2A - Rotating electrical machines - - -
Part 2: Methods for determining losses and
efficiency of rotating electrical machinery from
tests (excluding machines for traction
vehicles) – First supplement: Measurement of
losses by the calorimetric method
IEC 60051 Series Direct acting indicating analogue electrical EN 60051 Series
measuring instruments and their accessories
1)
Undated reference.
2)
Valid edition at date of issue.
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SIST EN 60034-4:2008
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SIST EN 60034-4:2008
IEC 60034-4
Edition 3.0 2008-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Rotating electrical machines –
Part 4: Methods for determining synchronous machine quantities from tests
Machines électriques tournantes –
Partie 4: Méthodes pour la détermination, à partir d’essais, des grandeurs des
machines synchrones
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
XC
CODE PRIX
ICS 29.160 ISBN 2-8318-9706-8
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SIST EN 60034-4:2008
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD.7
1 Scope.9
2 Normative references .9
3 Terms and definitions .9
4 Symbols and units .14
5 Overview of tests.15
6 Test procedures .18
6.1 General .18
6.1.1 Instrumentation requirements .18
6.1.2 Excitation system requirements .18
6.1.3 Test conditions .18
6.1.4 Per unit base quantities .19
6.1.5 Conventions and assumptions .19
6.1.6 Consideration of magnetic saturation.20
6.2 Direct measurements of excitation current at rated load .21
6.3 Direct-current winding resistance measurements.21
6.4 No-load saturation test .22
6.4.1 Test procedure .22
6.4.2 No-load saturation characteristic determination .23
6.5 Sustained three-phase short-circuit test .23
6.5.1 Test procedure .23
6.5.2 Three-phase sustained short-circuit characteristic .24
6.6 Motor no-load test .24
6.7 Phase shifting test.24
6.8 Over-excitation test at zero power-factor .25
6.9 Negative excitation test .25
6.10 On-load test measuring the load angle .25
6.11 Low slip test .25
6.12 Sudden three-phase short-circuit test .26
6.13 Voltage recovery test.27
6.14 Suddenly applied short-circuit test following disconnection from line .27
6.15 Direct current decay test in the armature winding at standstill test.27
6.16 Suddenly applied excitation test with armature winding open-circuited .28
6.17 Applied voltage test with the rotor in direct and quadrature axis positions .29
6.18 Applied voltage test with the rotor in arbitrary position.29
6.19 Single phase voltage test applied to the three phases .30
6.20 Line-to-line sustained short-circuit test .30
6.21 Sudden line-to-line short-circuit .31
6.22 Line-to-line and to neutral sustained short-circuit test.31
6.23 Negative-phase sequence test .32
6.24 Field current decay test, with the armature winding open-circuited .32
6.24.1 Test at rated speed .32
6.24.2 Test at standstill .32
6.25 Field current decay test at rated speed with the armature-winding short-
circuited .32
6.26 Suddenly applied excitation with armature winding short-circuited .33
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6.27 Field current decay test at standstill with two phases of armature winding
short-circuited .33
6.28 Applied voltage test with rotor removed .33
6.29 No-load retardation test.34
6.30 Suspended rotor oscillation test .34
6.31 Locked rotor test .35
6.32 Over-excitation test at zero power factor and variable armature voltage .35
6.33 Asynchronous operation during the low-voltage test .35
6.34 Applied variable frequency voltage test at standstill.36
7 Determination of quantities.38
7.1 Graphic procedures and analysis of oscillographic records.38
7.1.1 No-load saturation and three-phase, sustained short-circuit curves .38
7.1.2 Sudden three-phase short-circuit test .38
7.1.3 Voltage recovery test.41
7.1.4 Direct current decay in the armature winding at standstill .41
7.1.5 Suddenly applied excitation test with armature winding open-circuited .43
7.2 Direct-axis synchronous reactance .44
7.2.1 From no-load saturation and three-phase sustained short-circuit test .44
7.2.2 From motor no-load test .44
7.2.3 From phase shifting test .44
7.2.4 From on-load test measuring the load angle .44
7.3 Direct-axis transient reactance .45
7.3.1 From sudden three-phase short-circuit test.45
7.3.2 From voltage recovery test .45
7.3.3 From d.c. decay test in the armature winding at standstill .45
7.3.4 Calculation from test values.45
7.4 Direct-axis sub-transient reactance .45
7.4.1 From sudden three-phase short-circuit test.45
7.4.2 From voltage recovery test .46
7.4.3 From applied voltage test with the rotor in direct and quadrature axis.46
7.4.4 From applied voltage test with the rotor in arbitrary position .46
7.5 Quadrature-axis synchronous reactance.47
7.5.1 From negative excitation test.47
7.5.2 From low slip test .47
7.5.3 From phase shifting test .48
7.5.4 From on-load test measuring the load angle .49
7.6 Quadrature-axis transient reactance.49
7.6.1 From direct current decay test in the armature winding at standstill .49
7.6.2 Calculation from test values.49
7.7 Quadrature-axis sub-transient reactance .49
7.7.1 From applied voltage test with the rotor in direct and quadrature
position .49
7.7.2 From applied voltage test with the rotor in arbitrary position .50
7.8 Zero-sequence reactance.50
7.8.1 From single-phase voltage application to the three phases .50
7.8.2 From line-to-line and to neutral sustained short-circuit test .50
7.9 Negative-sequence reactance .51
7.9.1 From line-to-line sustained short-circuit test .51
7.9.2 From negative-phase sequence test .51
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7.9.3 Calculation from test values.52
7.9.4 From sudden line-to-line short-circuit test .52
7.9.5 From direct-current decay test at standstill .52
7.10 Armature leakage reactance.52
7.11 Potier reactance .53
7.12 Zero-sequence resistance .54
7.12.1 From single-phase voltage test applied to the three phases.54
7.12.2 From line-to-line and to neutral sustained short-circuit test .54
7.13 Positive-sequence armature winding resistance .54
7.14 Negative-sequence resistance.54
7.14.1 From line-to-line sustained short-circuit test .54
7.14.2 From negative-phase sequence test .55
7.15 Armature and excitation winding resistance.55
7.16 Direct-axis transient short-circuit time constant .56
7.16.1 From sudden three-phase short-circuit test.56
7.16.2 From field current decay at rated speed with armature winding short-
circuited .56
7.16.3 From direct current decay test at standstill .56
7.16.4 From suddenly applied excitation with armature winding short-
circuited .56
7.16.5 From field current decay test at standstill with two phases of
armature winding short-circuited.56
7.17 Direct-axis transient open-circuit time constant .56
7.17.1 From field current decay at rated speed with armature winding open .56
7.17.2 From field current decay test at standstill with armature winding open .56
7.17.3 From voltage recovery test .56
7.17.4 From direct-current decay test at standstill .57
7.17.5 From suddenly applied excitation with armature winding open-
circuited .57
7.18 Direct-axis sub-transient short-circuit time constant.57
7.19 Direct-axis sub-transient open-circuit time constant.57
7.19.1 From voltage recovery test .57
7.19.2 From direct-current decay test at standstill .57
7.20 Quadrature-axis transient short-circuit time constant .57
7.20.1 Calculation from test values.57
7.20.2 From direct-current decay test at standstill .57
7.21 Quadrature-axis transient open-circuit time constant .57
7.21.1 Determination from direct-current decay test at standstill.57
7.22 Quadrature-axis sub-transient short-circuit time constant .57
7.22.1 Calculation from test values.57
7.22.2 Determination from direct- current decay test at standstill.58
7.23 Quadrature-axis sub-transient open-circuit time constant .58
7.23.1 From direct-current decay test at standstill .58
7.24 Armature short-circuit time constant .58
7.24.1 From sudden three-phase short-circuit test.58
7.24.2 Calculation from test values.58
7.25 Rated acceleration time and stored energy constant.58
7.25.1 From suspended rotor oscillation test .58
7.25.2 From no-load retardation test .59
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60034-4 © IEC:2008 – 5 –
7.26 Rated excitation current .59
7.26.1 From direct measurement.59
7.26.2 Potier diagram .60
7.26.3 ASA diagram .61
7.26.4 Swedish diagram .62
7.27 Excitation current referred to rated armature sustained short-circuit current .63
7.27.1 From over-excitation test at zero power factor .63
7.27.2 From sustained three-phase short-circuit test .64
7.28 Frequency response characteristics .64
7.28.1 General .64
7.28.2 From asynchronous operation at reduced voltage.64
7.28.3 From applied variable frequency voltage test at standstill .65
7.28.4 From direct current decay test in the armature winding at standstill .66
7.29 Short-circuit ratio.67
7.30 Rated voltage regulation.67
7.30.1 From direct measurement.67
7.30.2 From no-load saturation characteristic and known field current at
rated load .67
7.31 Initial starting impedance of synchronous motors .67
Annex A (informative) Testing cross-reference.69
Annex B (informative) Calculation scheme for frequency response characteristics .72
Annex C (informative) Conventional electrical machine model .74
Figure 1 – Schematic for d.c. decay test at standstill .28
Figure 2 – Circuit diagram for line-to-line short-circuit test .30
Figure 3 – Circuit diagram for line-to-line and to neutral sustained short-circuit test.31
Figure 4 – Search coil installation with rotor removed .34
Figure 5 – Power and current versus slip (example).36
Figure 6 – Schematic for variable frequency test at standstill.36
Figure 7 – Recorded quantities from variable frequency test at standstill (example).37
Figure 8 – Combined saturation and short-circuit curves.38
Figure 9 – Transient and sub-transient component of short-circuit current .39
Figure 10 – Determination of transient component of short-circuit current .40
Figure 11 – Graphical determination of aperiodic component .40
Figure 12 – Transient and sub-transient component of recovery voltage .41
Figure 13 – Semi-logarithmic plot of decay currents.42
Figure 14 – Suddenly applied excitation with armature winding open-circuited.43
Figure 15 – No-load e.m.f. and excitation current for one pole-pitch slip .47
Figure 16 – Current envelope from low-slip test .48
Figure 17 – Determination of Potier reactance .53
Figure 18 – Potier's diagram .60
Figure 19 – ASA diagram.61
Figure 20 – Swedish diagram.62
Figure 21 – Excitation current from over-excitation at zero power factor .63
Figure 22 – Frequency response characteristics at low frequencies (example).65
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Figure C.1 – Equivalent circuit model of a salient pole machine .74
Table 1 – Test methods and cross-reference table.16
Table A.1 – Test cross-reference .69
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SIST EN 60034-4:2008
60034-4 © IEC:2008 – 7 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES –
Part 4: Methods for determining synchronous
machine quantities from tests
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
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transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergenc
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