SIST-TS CEN/TS 14816:2009
(Main)Fixed firefighting systems - Water spray systems - Design, installation and maintenance
Fixed firefighting systems - Water spray systems - Design, installation and maintenance
This standard specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the design, installation and maintenance of fixed deluge water spray systems internal and external to buildings and industrial plant and other premises on land. This standard covers only the use of the types sprinklers and sprayers specified in EN 12259-1 and prEN 12259-11 respectively. The requirements and recommendations of this standard are also applicable to any addition, extension, repair or other modification to a water spray system. This standard does not deal with sprinkler systems.
It covers the hazards, provision of water supplies, components to be used, installation and testing of the system, maintenance, and the extension of existing systems, and identifies construction details of buildings which are necessary for the satisfactory performance of water spray systems complying with this standard.
The general principles may well apply to other uses (e.g. maritime use), for these other uses additional considerations will almost certainly have to be taken into account.
For water spray systems covered by this standard the authority shall be consulted.
Ortsfeste Brandbekämpfungsanlagen - Sprühwasserlöschanlagen - Planung, Einbau und Wartung
Diese Technische Spezifikation legt Anforderungen fest und gibt Empfehlungen für die Planung, den Einbau
und die Wartung von ortsfesten Sprühwasserlöschanlagen innerhalb und außerhalb von Gebäuden und
Industrieanlagen und anderen baulichen Anlagen. Diese Norm gilt nur für den Einsatz von den in EN 12259-1
festgelegten Typen von Sprinklern und Sprühdüsen. Die Anforderungen und Empfehlungen dieser Norm
gelten in gleichem Maße für jede Ergänzung, Erweiterung, Reparatur oder sonstige Veränderung einer
Sprühwasserlöschanlage. Diese Norm gilt nicht für Sprinkleranlagen.
Die Technische Spezifikation deckt die Gefahren, die Bereitstellung von Wasserversorgungen, zu
verwendende Bauteile, den Einbau und die Prüfung der Anlage, die Wartung sowie die Erweiterung
bestehender Anlagen ab und kennzeichnet bauliche Einzelheiten von Gebäuden, die für die zufrieden
stellende Leistung von Sprühwasserlöschanlagen in Übereinstimmung mit dieser Norm erforderlich sind.
Die allgemeinen Grundsätze können in gleichem Maße für andere Anwendungen gelten (z. B. beim Einsatz
auf See), für solche anderen Anwendungen werden mit Sicherheit zusätzliche Überlegungen anzustellen sein.
Für Sprühwasserlöschanlagen nach dieser Technische Spezifikation sind die zuständigen Stellen zu
konsultieren.
Installations fixes de lutte contre l'incendie - Systèmes d'extinction à pulvérisation d'eau - Conception, installation et maintenance
La présente Spécification technique spécifie des exigences et fournit des recommandations pour la conception, l’installation et la maintenance des systèmes fixes d’extinction à pulvérisation d’eau de type déluge, à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur des bâtiments et des usines et autres lieux sur la terre ferme. La présente présente Spécification technique couvre uniquement l’utilisation des types de sprinkleur et pulvérisateur spécifiés dans l’EN 12259-1. Les exigences et recommandations de la présente présente Spécification technique sont également applicables à tout ajout, extension, réparation ou autre modification apporté(e) à un système d’extinction à pulvérisation d’eau. La présente présente Spécification technique ne traite pas les systèmes de type sprinkleur.
Elle couvre la classification des dangers, l’installation de sources d’eau, les composants à utiliser, l’installation et les essais du système, la maintenance et l’extension des systèmes existants, et elle identifie les détails de construction des bâtiments qui sont nécessaires au fonctionnement satisfaisant des systèmes d’extinction à pulvérisation d’eau conformes à la présente présente Spécification technique.
Les principes généraux peuvent également s’appliquer à d’autres utilisations (domaine maritime, par exemple). Toutefois, des considérations supplémentaires devront certainement être prises en compte pour ces utilisations.
Pour les systèmes d’extinction à pulvérisation d’eau couverts par la présente présente Spécification technique, l’autorité compétente doit être consultée.
Vgrajene naprave za gašenje - Sistemi s pršečo vodo - Projektiranje, vgradnja in vzdrževanje
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TS CEN/TS 14816:2009
01-marec-2009
9JUDMHQHQDSUDYH]DJDãHQMH6LVWHPLVSUãHþRYRGR3URMHNWLUDQMHYJUDGQMDLQ
Y]GUåHYDQMH
Fixed firefighting systems - Water spray systems - Design, installation and maintenance
Ortsfeste Brandbekämpfungsanlagen - Sprühwasserlöschanlagen - Planung, Einbau und
Wartung
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 14816:2008
ICS:
13.220.20 3RåDUQD]DãþLWD Fire protection
SIST-TS CEN/TS 14816:2009 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST-TS CEN/TS 14816:2009
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SIST-TS CEN/TS 14816:2009
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 14816
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
November 2008
ICS 13.220.20
English Version
Fixed firefighting systems - Water spray systems - Design,
installation and maintenance
Installations fixes de lutte contre l'incendie - Systèmes Ortsfeste Brandbekämpfungsanlagen -
d'extinction à pulvérisation d'eau - Conception, installation Sprühwasserlöschanlagen - Planung, Einbau und Wartung
et maintenance
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 9 September 2008 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 14816:2008: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
Foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope. 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions. 6
4 Operating condition of water spray systems . 7
4.1 Operation in the open air. 7
4.2 Fire resisting compartments. 7
4.3 Protection against frost. 8
5 Fire hazards and system design. 8
5.1 General . 8
5.2 Protection of various hazards. 8
5.3 Protection of flammable liquids with medium and high velocity water spray systems . 12
5.4 Spray systems with additives for the protection of flammable liquids. 17
6 Simultaneous operation of water spray installations. 17
6.1 Deluge installations . 17
6.2 Multiple control installations . 18
7 Special considerations for water spray systems. 18
7.1 General . 18
7.2 Suitability of water sources . 19
7.3 Choice of water supply. 19
7.4 Water volume. 19
7.5 Valves . 19
7.6 Pipe work . 20
7.7 Alarms and alarm devices. 20
7.8 Commissioning test. 20
8 System activation. 21
8.1 General . 21
8.2 Electrical detection systems. 21
8.3 Pneumatic or hydraulic activation. 21
8.4 Manual release. 21
8.5 Multiple controls. 21
9 Sprayer design characteristics and uses .21
9.1 General . 21
9.2 Sprayer characteristics . 22
9.3 Flow from sprayers . 22
Annex A (informative) Exposure protection . 23
A.1 General . 23
A.2 System design and installation . 23
Bibliography . 29
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Foreword
This document (CEN/TS 14816:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 191 “Fixed
firefighting systems”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
It is included in a series of European standards planned to cover:
- automatic sprinkler systems (EN 12259, EN 12845),
- gas extinguishing systems (EN 12094),
- powder systems (EN 12416),
- explosion protection systems (EN 26184),
- foam systems (EN 13565),
- hydrant and hose reel systems (EN 671),
- smoke and heat control systems (EN 12101).
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
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Introduction
Water spray systems can be suitable, in some instances, for extinguishment of fire and in others for
prevention of fire spread, and may be independent of or supplementary to other forms of fire protection.
A water spray system consists of a water supply (or supplies) and one or more sprayers usually open; each
system consists of a control valve set and a pipe array fitted with sprayers.
The design of specific systems may vary considerably, depending on the nature of the hazard and the
basic purposes of protection. Because of these variations and the wide choice in the characteristics of
sprayers, it is assumed that these systems are competently designed, installed and maintained. It is
essential that their limitations as well as their capabilities be thoroughly understood by the designer.
It should not be assumed that the provision of a water spray system entirely obviates the need for other
means of fighting fires and it is important to consider the fire precautions in the premises as a whole.
Special measurement may also be required, for example bounding flammable liquid risks or the protection
drain of flammable liquids spillage.
Structural fire resistance, escape routes, fire alarm systems, particular hazards needing other fire
protection methods, provision of hose reels, fire hydrants and fire extinguishers, etc., safe working and
goods handling methods, management supervision and good housekeeping all need consideration.
It is essential that water spray systems should be properly maintained to ensure operation when required.
This routine is liable to be overlooked or given insufficient attention by supervisors. It is, however,
neglected at peril to the lives of occupants of the premises and at the risk of crippling financial loss. The
importance of proper maintenance cannot be too highly emphasized.
When water spray systems are out of service, extra attention should be paid to fire precautions and the
appropriate authorities informed.
This standard is intended for use by those concerned with purchasing, designing, installing, testing,
inspecting, approving, operating and maintaining water spray systems, in order that such equipment will
function as intended throughout its life.
It is a basic assumption that this standard is for the use of companies employing personnel competent in
the field of application with which it deals. The design, installation and maintenance of water spray systems
should be undertaken only by trained and experienced personnel. Similarly, competent technicians should
be used in the installation and testing of the equipment.
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1 Scope
This Technical Specification specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the design, installation
and maintenance of fixed deluge water spray systems internal and external to buildings and industrial plant
and other premises on land. This Technical Specification covers only the use of the types of sprinklers and
sprayers specified in EN 12259-1. The requirements and recommendations of this Technical Specification are
also applicable to any addition, extension, repair or other modification to a water spray system. This Technical
Specification does not deal with sprinkler systems.
It covers the hazards, provision of water supplies, components to be used, installation and testing of the
system, maintenance, and the extension of existing systems, and identifies construction details of buildings
which are necessary for the satisfactory performance of water spray systems complying with this Technical
Specification.
The general principles may well apply to other uses (e.g. maritime use), for these other uses additional
considerations will almost certainly have to be taken into account.
For water spray systems covered by this Technical Specification the authority shall be consulted.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 54-1, Fire detection and fire alarm systems – Part 1: Introduction
EN 54-2, Fire detection and fire alarm systems – Part 2: Control and indicating equipment
EN 54-3, Fire detection and fire alarm systems – Part 3: Fire alarm devices – Sounders
EN 54-4, Fire detection and fire alarm systems – Part 4: Power supply equipment
EN 54-5, Fire detection and fire alarm systems – Part 5: Heat detectors – Point detectors
EN 54-10, Fire detection and fire alarm systems – Part 10: Flame detectors – Point detectors
EN 54-11, Fire detection and fire alarm systems – Part 11: Manual call points
EN 12094 (all parts), Fixed firefighting systems - Components for gas extinguishing systems
EN 12259-1, Fixed firefighting systems – Components for sprinkler and water spray systems – Part 1:
Sprinklers
EN 12259-2, Fixed firefighting systems – Components for sprinkler and water spray systems – Part 2: Wet
alarm valve assemblies
EN 12259-3, Fixed firefighting systems – Components for automatic sprinkler and water spray systems –
Part 3: Dry alarm valve assemblies
prEN 12259-9, Fixed firefighting systems – Components for sprinkler and water spray systems – Part 9:
Deluge valve assemblies
EN 12845:2004, Fixed firefighting systems – Automatic sprinkler systems – Design, installation and
maintenance
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3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
authorities
organizations responsible for approving water spray systems, equipment and procedures, e.g. the fire and
building control authorities, the fire insurers, the local water authority or other appropriate public authorities
3.2
control valve set
assembly comprising an alarm valve, a stop valve and all the associated valves and accessories for the
control of one water spray installation
3.3
deluge valve
water supply control valve intended to be operated by an auxiliary means to admit water into a system of
piping with open sprayers
NOTE The auxiliary means of operating a deluge valve may be mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, thermal,
manual or a combination of these.
3.4
deluge installation
part of a water spray system comprising a control valve set, the associated downstream pipes and sprayers,
and the means of release
3.5
design density
minimum density of discharge, in mm/min of water, for which a water spray installation is designed,
determined from the discharge of a specified group of sprayers, in litres per minute, divided by the area
covered, in square metres
3.6
detector sprinkler
sealed sprinkler mounted on a pressurized pipeline used to control a deluge valve, such that operation of the
detector sprinkler causes loss of air, inert gas or water pressure to open the valve
3.7
distribution pipe
pipe feeding either a range pipe directly or a single sprayer on a non-terminal range pipe more than 300 mm
long
3.8
exposure protection
application of water spray to structures or equipment to limit absorption of heat to a level which will minimize
damage and prevent failure, whether the source of heat is external or internal
NOTE Exposure protection is not an extinguishing system.
3.9
fire resisting compartment
enclosed volume capable of maintaining its fire integrity for a minimum specified time
3.10
fully calculated
term applied to an installation in which all the pipe work is sized by hydraulic calculation
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3.11
impingement
striking of a protected surface by water droplets issuing directly from a sprayer
3.12
multiple control
automatic multiple control: a pipe line valve, with a thermally sensitive sealing device which opens to
discharge water for fire fighting
3.13
multiple control installation
part of a water spray system comprising a multiple control, the associated downstream pipes and sprayers
3.14
run-down
downward travel of water along a surface
3.15
slippage
the horizontal component of the travel of water along a surface beyond the point of impact
3.16
sprayer
water spray nozzle that gives a pre-determined pattern of discharge
3.17
sprinkler, open
sprinkler not sealed by a temperature sensitive element
3.19
water spray installations
deluge installation or a multiple control installation
3.21
water spray systems
the entire means of providing water spray protection in the premises comprising one or more deluge
installations or multiple control installations, the pipe work to the installations and the water supply/supplies
3.22
zone
area protected by one water spray installation
4 Operating condition of water spray systems
4.1 Operation in the open air
Consideration shall be given to the effects of wind on water spray protection. The selection of sprayers, their
position relative to the burning materials and sprayer spacings will vary depending on the anticipated
conditions. Where extreme conditions may be experienced, it may be necessary to provide structural
protection to reduce the influence of wind.
4.2 Fire resisting compartments
A fire occurring in an area not protected by an automatic fire fighting system which is in open communication
with an area protected by a water spray system may render the protection ineffective, unless the protected
area is in a fire resisting compartment in accordance with national regulations with a minimum of 60 min fire
resistance.
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4.3 Protection against frost
In areas which are subject to low temperatures, piping and equipment which contain water under normal
conditions must be suitably protected from the risk of water freezing.
5 Fire hazards and system design
5.1 General
Water spray systems shall not be used for direct application to materials that react with water producing
violent reactions or hazardous by-products.
NOTE Water spray systems may be installed for the protection of buildings and objects where a rapid fire spread is to
be expected and water is a suitable extinguishing agent.
Water spray systems are suitable:
for protecting objects,
for controlling a spill fire,
for protecting against heat radiation (exposure protection by cooling).
Water spray systems can be used where it is essential that a certain amount of water is discharged, at the
same time, over the whole of the protected construction or area.
Water spray systems are suitable for extinguishing fires in paper machines, printing machines and other
machinery with three-dimensional shape, and where combustible materials such as paper are transported
within the machinery as an integral part of the process.
Water spray systems are suitable for extinguishing fires in escalators, conveyor belts and other looped and
running constructions which can easily spread the fire within the loop.
They are also effective in ducts, such as cable ducts in which a fire can spread rapidly, and storage or
handling areas for explosives, gun powder, rocket propellant, cellulose-nitrate/acetate and other solid
chemicals containing oxygen, for instance KCLO , KNO or KMnO .
4 3 4
The specifications in Clause 6 give prescriptive requirements for systems known to be satisfactory. Other
system designs may also be used on the basis of performance fire testing.
5.2 Protection of various hazards
5.2.1 Design criteria
The design criteria have been determined in tests and proven in practice. In some instances it may prove
necessary to use higher values than stated in this document.
5.2.2 Timber industry
Object protection for:
woodchips dryers,
cyclones,
dust bunkers,
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timber mills,
dust filters,
silos for wood chips.
Minimum duration of protection: 30 min
Minimum design density: 5 mm/min
If detector sprinklers are used the maximum spacing shall be 3,75 m
5.2.3 Conveyor belt
Minimum duration of protection: 30 min
Minimum design density: 7,5 mm/min
Maximum distance between roll and sprayers (for rollers): 2,5 m
Maximum vertical distance between belt and open sprinkler with ceiling protection: 4 m
Maximum area per open sprinkler with ceiling protection: 12 m²
Other systems shall be designed with a maximum area per sprayer specified by the manufacturer on the basis
of fire tests.
The fire detection or manual activation shall activate the water spray system and the conveyor belt shall be
stopped automatically.
NOTE When determining the area of operation and zoning, belt speed, moved material, compartmentation and
detection method should be taken into account.
5.2.4 Cable trays inside buildings
The design criteria shall be:
a) Directional sprayer minimum design density: 7,5 mm/min on each cable tray
Minimum duration of protection: 30 min
Minimum operating length: 30 m or the length of the zone separated by a fire
resistant separation, which ever is the lesser
b) Area sprayer
Minimum design density: 10 mm/min
Minimum duration of protection: 30 min
Minimum operating length: 30 m or the length of the zone separated by a fire
resistant separation, which ever is the lesser
Design area: height of the cable try arrangement multiplied by
the operating length
Figure 1 illustrates one example based on tests in a cable tunnel that ensured good water penetration.
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Minimum vertical distance between the cable trays and the ceiling: 200 mm
Horizontal distance between the cable trays: Between 700 mm and 900 mm
Maximum width of a cable tray: 600 mm
Maximum cable height on each tray: 60 mm
Minimum pressure at the sprayer: 2 bar
Cable trays' minimum openings: 33 %
1
2
- 600
3
700
900
Key
1 Sprayers
2 Cable trays
3 Openings (minimum) 33 %
4 Height difference between lowest and highest cable tray
Figure 1 – Area spray, cable trays' configuration
5.2.5 Oil filled transformers
For protection of the external surface of a transformer, the following criteria shall apply:
The following concept will only apply when the separation between transformers is at least 5 m or by
a wall with fire resistance of minimum 60 min
10
4
200
- 60
200
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Maximum distance between the sprayers: 1,5 m
a) Suppression mode:
minimum design density: 15 mm/min for smooth surfaces or 30 mm/min for others
minimum duration of protection: 5 min
b) Control mode:
minimum design density: 10 mm/min
minimum duration of protection: 60 min
5.2.6 Power stations
For the protection of coal bunkers, the following criteria shall apply:
minimum design density: 7,5 mm/min
minimum duration of protection: 90 min
maximum area per sprayer: 9 m²
For the protection of:
a room with recycling of turbine oil, oil baths or oil pipes,
hydraulic valves,
turbine bearings, generator bearings,
pumps for lubrication oil driven by a steam turbine,
pumps supplied with oil,
pumps and blowers driven by steam,
the following criteria shall apply:
minimum design density: 10 mm/min
minimum duration of protection: 30 min or at least the shut down time of the turbine
NOTE Where flammable liquids may be involved, the use of fire fighting foam additives should be considered.
5.2.7 Protection of incineration plant
The following parts should be protected by a water spray systems:
waste delivery,
waste bunker, water density of 20 mm/min,
NOTE 1 In the case that the waste of much plastic include much plastic AFFF should be used.
funnel for the waste,
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reduction of bulk rubbish to small pieces,
storage rooms toxic waste,
rooms with hydraulic units,
NOTE 2 AFFF foam is necessary if flammable hydraulic fluids are used.
minimum duration time 60 min.
A water supply including hose stream with 400 m³/h and a minimum pressure of 3 bar at each connection
point for the fire fighting.
5.2.8 Miscellaneous
The design criteria given in Table 1 shall be followed for the protection of the solid combustibles listed therein.
5.3 Protection of flammable liquids with medium and high velocity water spray systems
5.3.1 General
Where flammable liquids have a flash point below 66 °C, medium velocity water spray shall be used (see
5.3.2). Where flammable liquids have a flash point of 66 °C and above, high velocity water spray shall be used
(see 5.3.3).
NOTE See also Annex G.4 in EN 12845:2004.
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Table 1 – Design criteria for solid combustibles
Design density Duration of Area of operation m² /
mm/min operation min per deluge valve
Theatre stage ≤ 10 m ceiling height 5,0 30 Full area
Theatre stage > 10 m ceiling height 7,5 30 Full area
Refuse bunker
- height of waste ≤ 2 m 5,0 60
- height of waste > 2 m ≤ 3 m 7,5
400
- height of waste > 3 m ≤ 5 m 12,5
- height of waste > 5 m 20,0
Expanded plastic
- storage height ≤ 2 m 10,0 60 150
- storage height > 2 m ≤ 3 m 15,0 150
- storage height > 3 m ≤ 4 m 22,5 200
- storage height > 4 m 30,0 200
5.3.2 Medium velocity water spray systems
5.3.2.1 Application of medium velocity sprayers
Medium velocity water spray shall be provided for the protection of flammable liquids having a flash point
below 66 °C.
NOTE Sprayers at ceiling level will provide general area protection for spilt flammable liquid fires and exposed
structural steelwork. Vessels and drums, pumps, large valve manifolds and pipe runs containing flammable liquids may
require additional, usually angled, sprayers at ceiling level or by sprayers providing localised low level protection.
Where medium velocity water spray systems are installed in buildings, open sprinklers shall be provided on
the pipe system to provide ceiling wetting.
5.3.2.2 General hazards
General hazards suitable for medium velocity water spray protection include the following items, but do not
include storage vessels, drum stores or boiler houses:
a) a process plant where flammable liquids are contained in vessels and/or pipes forming a large or small
complex of plant, either in a room or outdoors, or under a roof with open sides;
b) a plant involving flammable liquids in fixed or mobile containers.
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5.3.2.3 Design density
The design density shall be determined depending upon the following:
a) the substance involved,
b) the objective of the protection, i.e.
i) controlled burning,
ii) exposure protection,
c) ceiling height above the protected surface,
d) the area of fire involved,
e) the type of containers holding the substance.
5.3.2.4 General area protection
The control density shall be obtained from Figure 2. This density is to be applied to any horizontal surfaces,
including floors onto which spilt liquid can fall or open surfaces of flammable liquids in container
...
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