oSIST prEN 13763-27:2021
(Main)Explosives for civil uses - Detonators and detonating cord relays - Part 27: Risk analysis and test methods for electronic initiation systems
Explosives for civil uses - Detonators and detonating cord relays - Part 27: Risk analysis and test methods for electronic initiation systems
This document specifies a risk analysis, evaluation and testing procedure to be used to investigate the safety and reliability of electronic initiation systems by identifying hazards and estimating the risks associated with the system. The document also stipulates levels of acceptability for electronic initiation systems.
Explosivstoffe für zivile Zwecke - Zünder und Verzögerungselemente - Teil 27: Definitionen, Verfahren und Anforderungen für elektronische Zündsysteme
Dieses Dokument legt Bewertungs- und Prüfverfahren fest, um die Sicherheit und Zuverlässigkeit von elektronischen Zündern und elektronischen Zündsystemen zu untersuchen.
Dieses Dokument legt eine Vorgehensweise für die Risikoanalyse von elektronischen Zündsystemen fest.
Dieses Dokument ist anzuwenden für Explosivstoffe für zivile Zwecke.
Explosifs à usage civil - Détonateurs et relais - Partie 27: Définitions, méthodes et exigences relatives aux systèmes d'amorçage électronique
Le présent document spécifie les modes opératoires d’évaluation et d’essai à suivre pour étudier la sécurité et la fiabilité des détonateurs électroniques et des systèmes d’amorçage électronique.
Il spécifie également une méthodologie d’analyse des risques pour les systèmes d’amorçage électronique.
Le présent document s’applique aux explosifs à usage civil.
Eksplozivi za civilno uporabo – Detonatorji in zakasnilniki – 27. del: Definicije, metode in zahteve za elektronske sisteme za aktiviranje
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 13763-27:2021
01-november-2021
Nadomešča:
SIST-TS CEN/TS 13763-27:2003
Eksplozivi za civilno uporabo – Detonatorji in zakasnilniki – 27. del: Definicije,
metode in zahteve za elektronske sisteme za aktiviranje
Explosives for civil uses - Detonators and detonating cord relays - Part 27: Risk analysis
and test methods for electronic initiation systems
Explosivstoffe für zivile Zwecke - Zünder und Verzögerungselemente - Teil 27:
Definitionen, Verfahren und Anforderungen für elektronische Zündsysteme
Explosifs à usage civil - Détonateurs et relais - Partie 27: Définitions, méthodes et
exigences relatives aux systèmes d'amorçage électronique
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 13763-27
ICS:
71.100.30 Eksplozivi. Pirotehnika in Explosives. Pyrotechnics and
ognjemeti fireworks
oSIST prEN 13763-27:2021 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 13763-27:2021
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 13763-27
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2021
ICS 71.100.30 Will supersede CEN/TS 13763-27:2003
English Version
Explosives for civil uses - Detonators and detonating cord
relays - Part 27: Risk analysis and test methods for
electronic initiation systems
Explosifs à usage civil - Détonateurs et relais - Explosivstoffe für zivile Zwecke - Zünder und
Partie 27: Définitions, méthodes et exigences Verzögerungselemente - Teil 27: Definitionen,
relatives aux systèmes d'amorçage électronique Verfahren und Anforderungen für elektronische
Zündsysteme
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 321.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 13763-27:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Risk analysis . 11
4.1 General. 11
4.2 Identification of characteristics related to electronic initiation system . 12
4.3 Hazard identification . 15
4.4 Risk estimation . 15
4.5 Acceptability of risk . 16
4.6 Risk reduction . 21
4.7 Generation of other hazards . 21
4.8 Evaluation of all identified hazards . 21
4.9 Revised hazard identification . 22
4.10 Test report . 22
5 Test methods for electronic detonators and electronic initiation systems . 22
5.1 Determination of resistance of electronic detonator against electrostatic
discharge . 22
5.2 Determination of resistance of electronic detonators to overvoltage . 26
5.3 Determination of resistance of electronic detonators to dynamic pressure . 28
5.4 Determination of insulation resistance between exposed conducting parts for
blasting machines . 34
5.5 Determination of insulation resistance between exposed conducting parts for field
circuit testers . 35
5.6 Slow temperature change test for electronic initiation systems . 36
5.7 Rapid temperature change test for electronic initiation systems . 37
5.8 Determination of delay accuracy for electronic initiation systems . 38
5.9 Determination of electromagnetic compatibility of for electronic initiation
systems . 41
5.10 Climatic and mechanical tests of electronic initiation systems . 43
5.11 Corrosion resistance test . 45
Annex A (informative) Examples of hazards and faults . 47
Annex B (informative) Information on evaluation techniques . 53
Annex C (normative) Function test . 55
Annex D (informative) Dynamic pressure failure . 57
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
safety requirements of Directive 2014/28/EU relating to the making available on the
market and supervision of explosives for civil uses aimed to be covered . 59
Bibliography . 63
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European foreword
This document (prEN 13763-27:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 321
“Explosives for civil uses”, the secretariat of which is held by UNE.
This document is currently submitted to CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede CEN/TS 13763-27:2003.
In comparison with the previous edition, the following technical modifications have been made:
a) the third element of the title of this part of EN 13763 has been changed from “Part 27: Definitions,
methods and requirements for electronic initiation systems” to “Part 27: Risk analysis and test
methods for electronic initiation systems” since the requirements for electronic initiation systems
have been moved to prEN 13763-1:2021;
b) the technical specification CEN/TS 13763-27 has been transformed into a European Standard
prEN 13763-27. prEN 13763-1:2021 gives the requirements for electronic initiation systems and the
test methods are given in prEN 13763-27;
c) Clause 1, Scope, has been clarified;
d) Clause 2, Normative references, the references have been updated;
e) Clause 3, Terms and definitions, definitions for the following terms have been added: 3.11 defect,
3.18 to 3.23. The following terms have been modified 3.3 non-programmable electronic detonator,
3.4 programmable electronic detonator, 3.5 firing unit, 3.5 testing unit, 3.7 programming unit, 3.12
Critical defect, 3.14 minor defect, 3.15 fault, 3.16 failure. The following term has been moved to
terminology standard prEN 13857-1: electronic detonator;
f) Clause 4, Risk analysis, 4.1 General, the document states that it is the task of the manufacturer to
perform the risk analysis;
g) Clause 4.2, Risk analysis, Identification of characteristics related to electronic initiation system, some
of the questions and examples have been clarified;
h) Clause 4.5.2.5, Risk analysis, Maximum capacity, has been added;
i) Clause 4.5.4, Risk analysis, user manual, has been moved to prEN 13857-3;
j) Clause 4.5.5, Test methods referring to standards for detonators, blasting machines, test apparatus
and resistance meters, have been removed, and requirements have been moved to
prEN 13763-1:2021. Electronic detonators have been added in the scopes of each part in EN 13763
series where there are applicable;
k) Clause 4.10, Risk analysis, Test report, was the former Clause 5 (Test report);
l) Clause 5, Test methods for electronic detonators and electronic initiation systems, has been
introduced and contains new test methods;
1) Determination of resistance of electronic detonator against electrostatic discharge;
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2) Determination of resistance of electronic detonators to overvoltage;
3) Determination of resistance of electronic detonators to dynamic pressure;
4) Determination of insulation resistance between exposed conducting parts for blasting machines;
5) Determination of insulation resistance between exposed conducting parts for field circuit
testers,;
6) Determination of delay accuracy for electronic initiation systems;
7) Climatic and mechanical tests of electronic initiation systems;
8) Corrosion resistance test;
m) the former Annex C, Proposals for the detonator fuse head replaced (dummy detonators), has been
removed;
n) former Clause 4.5.6.5, Detonator function test and 4.5.6.6 System function test have been updated
and placed in Annex C, Function test;
o) Annex D, Determination of resistance to dynamic pressure, has been removed, Annex D now
addresses Dynamic Pressure Failure and 5.3 addresses the Determination of resistance of electronic
detonators to dynamic pressure;
p) Annex ZA, Relationship between this European Standard and the essential safety requirements of
Directive 2014/28/EU relating to the making available on the market and supervision of explosives
for civil uses aimed to be covered has been added. It contains explanations on links to Essential Safety
requirements in the directive.
This document has been prepared under a Standardization Request given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports Essential Safety requirements of
EU Directive(s) / Regulation(s).
For relationship with Directive(s) / Regulation(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of
this document.
EN 13763, Explosives for civil uses — Detonators and detonating cord relays, is currently composed with
the following parts:
— Part 1: Requirements;
— Part 2: Verification of thermal stability at high temperatures;
— Part 3: Determination of sensitiveness to impact;
— Part 4: Determination of resistance to abrasion of leading wires and shock tubes;
— Part 5: Determination of resistance to cutting damage of leading wires and shock tubes;
— Part 6: Determination of resistance to cracking in low temperatures of leading wires;
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— Part 7: Determination of the mechanical strength of leading wires, shock tubes, connections, crimps and
closures;
— Part 8: Determination of resistance to vibration;
— Part 9: Determination of resistance to bending of detonators;
— Part 11: Determination of resistance to damage by dropping of detonators and relays;
— Part 12: Determination of resistance to hydrostatic pressure;
— Part 13: Determination of resistance of electric detonator to electrostatic discharge;
— Part 15: Determination of equivalent initiating capability;
— Part 16: Determination of delay accuracy;
— Part 17: Determination of no-fire current of electric detonators;
— Part 18: Determination of series firing current of electric detonators;
— Part 19: Determination of firing pulse of electric detonators;
— Part 20: Determination of total resistance of electric detonators;
— Part 21: Determination of flash-over voltage of electric detonators;
— Part 22: Determination of capacitance, insulation resistance and insulation breakdown of leading
wires;
— Part 23: Determination of the shock-wave velocity of shock tube;
— Part 24: Determination of the non-conductivity of shock tube;
— Part 25: Determination of transfer capacity of relay and coupling accessories;
— Part 26: Definitions, methods and requirements for devices and accessories for reliable and safe function
of detonators and detonating cord relays;
— Part 27: Risk analysis and test methods for electronic initiation systems.
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Introduction
From a safety and reliability point of view electronic initiation systems are more complex than electric
and non-electric detonator systems, which results in new risk factors.
This document specifies a risk analysis procedure to be used by the manufacturer to investigate the safety
and reliability of electronic initiation systems by identifying hazards and estimating the risks associated
with the system.
The step in the risk analysis procedure, which refers to acceptability of risks, includes both references to
testing and evaluation methods, which apply where appropriate for the specific system. The document
also stipulates levels of acceptability.
Manufacturers of electronic initiation systems have used significantly different design and system
solutions in order to fulfil acceptable safety and reliability criteria. The product development in the field
is rapid. Therefore, the document aims to be valid for different system solutions.
The requirements for electronic initiation systems are specified in prEN 13763-1:2021 and the
manufacturer uses the tests in this document or other relevant parts of the EN 13763 series to verify that
these requirements are met.
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1 Scope
This document specifies evaluation and testing procedures to be used to investigate the safety and
reliability of electronic detonators and electronic initiation systems.
This document specifies a methodology for risk analysis of electronic initiation systems.
This document is applicable to explosives for civil uses.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
prEN 13763-15:2021, Explosives for civil uses — Detonators and detonating cord relays — Part 15:
Determination of equivalent initiating capability
prEN 13857-1:2021, Explosives for civil uses — Part 1: Terminology
EN 60068-2-2:2007, Environmental testing - Part 2-2: Tests - Test B: Dry heat
EN 60068-2-14:2009, Environmental testing - Part 2-14: Tests - Test N: Change of temperature
EN 60068-2-27:2009, Environmental testing — Part 2: Tests — Test Eb and guidance: Bump
EN 60068-2-30:2005, Environmental testing - Part 2-30: Tests - Test Db: Damp heat, cyclic (12 h + 12 h
cycle)
EN 60068-2-31:2008, Basic environmental testing procedures — Part 2: Tests — Test Ed: Free fall
EN 60068-2-64:2008, Environmental testing — Part 2-64: Tests — Test Fh: Vibration, broadband random
and guidance
EN 60068-2-78:2013, Environmental testing — Part 2-78: Tests — Test Cab: Damp heat, steady state
EN 60870-5-1:1993, Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 5: Transmission protocols - Section 1:
Transmission frame formats
EN 60529:1991, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
EN 61000-4-6:2014, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-6: Testing and measurement techniques
- Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields
EN IEC 61000-4-3:2020, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-3 : Testing and measurement
techniques - Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test (IEC 61000-4-3:2020)
EN ISO 13849-2:2012, Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 2: Validation (ISO
13849-2:2012)
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3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in prEN 13857-1:2021 and the
following apply.
3.1
electronic initiation system
system generally composed of a firing unit and/or a testing unit and/or a programming unit, and a certain
number of electronic detonators
3.2
non-programmable electronic detonator
electronic detonator with a pre-programmed delay time
Note 1 to entry: This programming is made by the manufacturer.
3.3
pre-programmed electronic detonator
electronic detonator with a pre-programmed delay number programmed by the manufacturer
Note 1 to entry: The firing time of these detonators is a multiple of this delay number and is determined on the
field.
3.4
programmable electronic detonator
electronic detonator of which the functioning delay time is programmable, on the field, by means of a
programming unit and/or a firing unit
3.5
firing unit
apparatus used in an electronic initiation system to initiate a blast
Note 1 to entry: Such a device can control and/or program and/or test the electronic detonators and charge the
firing capacitor of the electronic detonators before the initiation of the blast.
Note 2 to entry: This device can be driven by a computer.
3.6
testing unit
field tester intended to test the electronic detonators and/or the initiating circuit in an electronic
initiation system
3.7
programming unit
apparatus used, on the field, to program a delay time and/or an address to a programmable electronic
detonator
Note 1 to entry: This apparatus can also test the electronic detonator.
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3.8
electronic initiation system using no data communication
electronic initiation system in which the electronic detonator receives only firing energy from the firing
unit
Note 1 to entry: By non-electric or electric means.
3.9
electronic initiation system using one-way data communication
electronic initiation system in which the electronic detonator receives commands from the
programming/testing unit and/or from firing unit but cannot send back any information to
programming/testing and/or to firing unit
3.10
electronic initiation system using two-way data communication
electronic initiation system in which the electronic detonator receives commands from the
programming/testing unit and/or to firing unit and send back information to programming/testing
and/or from firing unit
3.11
defect
non-fulfilment of an intended usage requirement
[SOURCE: ISO 2859-1:1999, 3.1.6]
3.12
critical defect
defect that, according to judgement and experience, is likely to result in hazardous or unsafe conditions
for individuals using, maintaining or depending upon the considered product; or that is likely to prevent
performance of the function of a major end item
EXAMPLE An unintended initiation caused during transport, storage and handling.
[SOURCE: ISO 8641:2008, 3.8]
3.13
major defect
defect, other than critical, that is likely to result in failure, or to reduce materially the usability of the
considered product for its intended purpose, e.g. misfire of one or more than one detonator in a blasting
round
[SOURCE: ISO 8641:2008, 3.9]
3.14
minor defect
defect that is not likely to reduce materially the usability of the considered product for its intended
purpose, or that is incorrect function (delay time) of a detonator
[SOURCE: ISO 8641:2008, 3.10]
3.15
fault
condition that can cause the system to fail to perform its intended function
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3.16
failure
deviation from the intended function
Note 1 to entry: This problem can be observed.
3.17
independent circuits
two circuits are independent if they are physically separated and if a failure of one circuit cannot put the
second one in fault
3.18
remote firing system
firing system consisting of a control unit separated from a firing unit, the latter which provides the firing
code and energy to the detonator
3.19
trigger detonator
electronic part of a detonator equipped with an electronic output for triggering a measurement device
Note 1 to entry: This can be a detonator without explosives where the fuse head has been replaced with an opto-
coupler.
3.20
twisted wire
a pair of wires that is isolated by lacquer that have been twisted together.
Note 1 to entry: Usually, the wire material is copper.
Note 2 to entry: When taped to the outside of a detonator close to the base charge this could be used as a stop signal
for delay time measurements.
Note 3 to entry: Delay time is measured until the two wires melt together, e.g. by detecting an electrical shortcut of
the wires.
3.21
dummy detonator
non-dangerous test piece where all energetic materials have been replaced by inert materials and the
fuse head has been replaced by a lead
Key
1 LED
Figure 1 — Dummy detonator
Note 1 to entry: Figure 1 shows a schematic drawing of a dummy detonator.
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3.22
unloaded detonator
detonator where the base charge has been removed or replaced by inert material and used in
initiation/no initiation tests. Only the fuse head remains as an energetic material
Key
1 fuse head
2 inert material
Figure 2 — Unloaded detonator
Note 1 to entry: Figure 2 shows a schematic drawing of an unloaded detonator.
3.23
misplaced detonator
any detonator that is in the blasting plan but not physically located where it is intended to be used
4 Risk analysis
4.1 General
NOTE This clause is shown as Step 1 in Figure 3.
The manufacturer shall perform a risk analysis, evaluation and testing procedure on the electronic
initiation system, as described in 4.2 to 4.9 and 5 and illustrated in the flow diagram shown in Figure 3.
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Figure 3 — Flow chart of risk analysis evaluation and testing procedure
4.2 Identification of characteristics related to electronic initiation system
NOTE This clause is shown as Step 2 in Figure 3.
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For the particular electronic initiation system, characteristics that can affect its safety and reliability shall
be listed.
The following list of questions shall be answered:
a) What is the intended use and how is the electronic initiation system to be used?
The following factor shall be considered:
1) During which phases of operation is the operator potentially exposed to risks?
b) How is the system designed?
1) Complete design drawings provided by the manufacturer;
c) Which devices and accessories are included in the system?
The manufacturer shall provide description, principles and intended application (on the blast site,
only in safe area, etc.) of e.g.:
1) programming units;
2) testing units;
3) firing units;
d) Which functions are provided by the system?
Examples of functions:
1) general functions;
2) safety functions;
3) reliability functions;
4) time out functions (detonator, firing/testing/programming units);
5) possibilities to abort the blasting sequence;
6) programming functions;
7) calibration function (e.g. for delay accuracy);
8) self-check functions (e.g. start up check, run-time check of device and detonator, information
transfer and storing; detonator timer operation, fuse head, voltage level, capacitor level, error
handling);
9) limits for safe functioning;
10) output strength of detonator;
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e) Which design measures have been taken to obtain safety and reliability?
1) safety - fault tolerance measures, safety against two independent faults;
2) reliability - fault tolerance measures, safety against one fault;
3) can relevant failures be detected before a possible hazard occurs?
f) To which environmental stresses will the system be subjected during transport, storage and use?
Examples of environmental stresses:
1) climatic environment (temperature, humidity, hydrostatic pressure);
2) mechanical environment (static and dynamic);
3) electrical environment (e.g. electrostatic discharge, electromagnetic radiation);
4) shelf-life limit;
g) Which communication principles between detonators and system devices or accessories are used?
Examples of communication principles:
1) no data communication or one way/two-way data communication. Which information is
transmitted/received?
2) coding principles for communication;
3) delay of the detonator depending on the connection order?
4) is the function depending on intact communication and wiring during the whole blasting
sequence or is the detonator self-contained after receiving the initiation command?
5) number of wires on the bus (information carrier for the different wires);
h) Which output energy is provided from the output of firing/programming/testing units?
Examples of output energy:
1) voltage;
2) current;
3) energy (pulse lengths);
4) limits for safe functioning of detonator (e.g. battery level, bus wire length);
i) Which energy source is used to initiate the detonator?
1) electrical energy (fuse head characteristics, e.g. no fire current/voltage, all fire current/voltage);
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j) Is energy stored inside the detonator?
If yes, describe these safety functions:
1) time limits for safe functioning;
2) self-discharge principles (at interrupted firing sequence, at disconnection from the wiring bus,
comparison with longest available delay time);
k) Do the different devices contain software?
If yes, describe the following characteristics:
1) programming language and compiler/linker used;
2) memory storage principles, both variable and invariable;
3) description of safety related program modules;
4) description of self-monitoring measures made;
5) manufacturer specified circuits (e.g. PAL, PLA, PLD, CPLD, FPGA or ASIC’s);
l) Which safety measures have been considered in case of misuse?
Examples of misuse situations:
1) use of device/accessory for electronic initiation system with electric detonator;
2) use of device/accessory for electric detonators with electronic detonator;
Examples of safety measures:
3) marking at production (sequence numb
...
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