SIST EN 16303:2020
(Main)Road restraint systems - Validation and verification process for the use of virtual testing in crash testing against vehicle restraint system
Road restraint systems - Validation and verification process for the use of virtual testing in crash testing against vehicle restraint system
This document defines the accuracy, credibility and confidence in the results of virtual crash test to roadside safety devices through the definition of procedures for verification, validation and development of numerical models for roadside safety application. Finally it defines a list of indications to ensure the competences of an expert/organization in the domain of virtual testing.
Rückhaltesysteme an Straßen - Validierungs- und Nachweisverfahren für die Nutzung von Computersimulationen bei Anprallprüfungen an Fahrzeug-Rückhaltesysteme
Dieses Dokument legt die Genauigkeit, Glaubwürdigkeit und Vertrauenswürdigkeit der Ergebnisse der Computersimulation von Anprallprüfungen an Fahrzeug-Rückhaltesysteme Straßen fest, indem Verfahren für die Verifizierung, Validierung und Entwicklung von numerischen Modellen zur Sicherung an Straßen festgelegt werden. Letztlich legt es eine Liste von Anhaltspunkten fest, wie die Kompetenzen eines Experten/einer Organisation im Bereich der Computersimulationsprüfungen sichergestellt werden.
Dispositifs de retenue routiers - Processus de vérification et de validation pour l’utilisation d’essais virtuels dans les essais de choc contre un dispositif de retenue pour véhicules
Le présent document établit les exigences d’exactitude, de crédibilité et de confiance dans les résultats d’essais de choc virtuels contre des dispositifs de retenue pour véhicules en définissant les procédures de vérification, de validation et de développement de modèles numériques pour les applications de sécurité routière. Il fournit en outre une liste d’indications pour garantir les compétences d’un expert/organisme du domaine des essais virtuels.
Oprema cest - Postopek validacije in verifikacije računalniške simulacije preskusnih trčenj v sisteme za zadrževanje vozil
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 16303:2020
01-oktober-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16303-1:2012
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16303-2:2012
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16303-3:2012
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16303-4:2012
Oprema cest - Postopek validacije in verifikacije računalniške simulacije
preskusnih trčenj v sisteme za zadrževanje vozil
Road restraint systems - Validation and verification process for the use of virtual testing
in crash testing against vehicle restraint system
Rückhaltesysteme an Straßen - Validierungs- und Nachweisverfahren für die Nutzung
von Computersimulationen bei Anprallprüfungen an Fahrzeug-Rückhaltesysteme
Dispositifs de retenue routiers - Processus de vérification et de validation pour l’utilisation
d’essais virtuels dans les essais de choc contre un dispositif de retenue pour véhicules
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 16303:2020
ICS:
13.200 Preprečevanje nesreč in Accident and disaster control
katastrof
93.080.30 Cestna oprema in pomožne Road equipment and
naprave installations
SIST EN 16303:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 16303:2020
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SIST EN 16303:2020
EN 16303
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
August 2020
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.200; 93.080.30 Supersedes CEN/TR 16303-1:2012, CEN/TR 16303-
2:2012, CEN/TR 16303-3:2012, CEN/TR 16303-
4:2012
English Version
Road restraint systems - Validation and verification
process for the use of virtual testing in crash testing
against vehicle restraint system
Dispositifs de retenue routiers - Processus de Rückhaltesysteme an Straßen - Validierungs- und
vérification et de validation pour l'utilisation d'essais Nachweisverfahren für die Nutzung von
virtuels dans les essais de choc contre un dispositif de Computersimulationen bei Anprallprüfungen an
retenue pour véhicules Fahrzeug-Rückhaltesysteme
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 May 2020.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 16303:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 16303:2020
EN 16303:2020 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 8
5 Requirements for numerical vehicle model . 9
5.1 Modelling . 9
5.2 General vehicle model behaviour assessment . 10
5.3 Test methodology . 10
5.4 Verification . 13
5.5 Reporting . 13
6 Requirements for numerical model of vehicle restraint system . 13
6.1 Modelling . 13
6.2 Validation and verification . 14
6.3 Reporting . 14
7 Requirements for numerical model of passive safety device . 14
7.1 Modelling . 14
7.2 Validation and verification . 14
7.3 Reporting . 14
8 Requirements for validation of virtual testing against test item . 14
8.1 General . 14
8.2 Test specifications . 15
8.3 Comparison tables . 17
8.4 Reporting . 22
9 Requirements for verification of virtual testing against vehicle restraint systems and
passive safety devices . 23
9.1 General . 23
9.2 Finite element model verification . 23
9.3 Multi-body model verification . 23
9.4 Standard report and output parameters . 24
Annex A (normative) Virtual testing – Template for report . 25
A.1 General . 25
A.2 Verification and validation report . 25
A.3 New performance report . 34
Annex B (normative) Requirements for the entity (person/group) performing and
verifying VT activities . 42
Annex C (normative) Validation procedures of a vehicle for crash test analysis . 44
C.1 General . 44
C.2 Vehicle setup – Idle test (Test 1.1) . 44
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C.3 Vehicle suspension and steering kinematics . 44
C.4 Vehicle handling . 46
C.5 Vehicle crashworthiness - Test against rigidwall / rigid pole (Test 4.1 and 4.2) . 46
Annex D (informative) Considerations on the modelling techniques of a vehicle . 47
D.1 General . 47
D.2 General scheme of a vehicle . 47
D.3 Vehicle validation considerations . 48
D.4 Step by step development of a vehicle for crash test analysis . 49
Annex E (informative) Recommendations and criteria for finite element vehicle models
addressed to virtual testing . 50
E.1 Components to be modelled . 50
E.2 Model organization . 53
E.3 General recommendations for the material of finite element vehicle models
addressed to virtual testing . 56
E.4 General recommendations for the mesh of finite element vehicle models addressed
to virtual testing . 57
Annex F (informative) Recommendations and criteria for multi-body vehicle models
addressed to virtual testing . 61
F.1 Multi-body models . 61
F.2 General requirements . 61
F.3 Modelling requirements . 61
F.4 Model organization . 62
F.5 General recommendations for the material of multi-body-element vehicle models
addressed to virtual crash test . 74
Annex G (informative) Considerations on the modelling techniques of a vehicle restraint
system . 75
G.1 General . 75
G.2 Finite element and multi-body approaches . 75
G.3 Finite element guidelines . 76
G.4 Multi-body guidelines . 76
G.5 Step by step development of a vehicle restraint system . 76
G.6 Verification of the model . 78
Annex H (informative) Recommendations and criteria for finite element vehicle restraint
system models addressed to virtual testing . 80
H.1 Material recommendations for finite element vehicle restraint system models
addressed to virtual testing . 80
H.2 General recommendations for the mesh of finite element vehicle restraint system
models addressed to virtual testing . 80
H.3 2D-mesh specifications . 80
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H.4 Welding and connections . 81
H.5 3D-mesh specifications – Mesh features . 81
Annex I (informative) Recommendations and criteria for multi-body vehicle restraint
system models addressed to virtual crash testing . 82
I.1 Introduction . 82
I.2 Welding and connections . 82
I.3 Model validation . 82
Annex J (informative) Failure modes . 83
Bibliography . 85
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EN 16303:2020 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 16303:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 226 “Road
equipment”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2021, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by February 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CEN/TR 16303-1:2012, CEN/TR 16303-2:2012, CEN/TR 16303-3:2012 and
CEN/TR 16303-4:2012 (which have been merged).
In comparison to the previous Technical Reports, this document contains the following changes:
— some symbols and abbreviations have been modified;
— the roadmap for the validation of the numerical vehicle model has been updated and acceptance
conditions have been provided;
— the validation requirements for virtual testing against vehicle restraint systems have been updated;
— the verification evaluation criteria for finite element model have been updated;
— the template of the report has been updated.
Annexes A, B and C are normative and Annexes D to J are informative.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
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EN 16303:2020 (E)
Introduction
This document provides a common basis for the use of virtual testing to reproduce vehicle impacts
against vehicle restraint systems including safety barriers, crash cushions, terminals and passive safety
devices in accordance with the EN 1317 (all parts) and the EN 12767:2019.
This document provides requirements to establish the degree to which the numerical models of vehicle
restraint system and of vehicle are an accurate representation of the real world from the perspective of
the intended uses of the model.
In this document a methodology is defined to validate the results obtained with computational mechanics
work and to verify the reliability of the virtual test. It also includes a report template and incorporates
specific content for general requirements for the competence of entities performing virtual testing.
General recommendations based on experiences for developing numerical models of vehicle restraint
systems and vehicles for virtual tests are also given.
Two main modelling approaches have been considered:
— finite element (FE) method;
— multi-body (MB) approach.
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EN 16303:2020 (E)
1
1 Scope
This document defines the accuracy, credibility and confidence in the results of virtual crash test to
vehicle restraint systems through the definition of procedures for verification, validation and
development of numerical models for roadside safety application. Finally it defines a list of indications to
ensure the competences of an expert/organization in the domain of virtual testing.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1317-1:2010, Road restraint systems - Part 1: Terminology and general criteria for test methods
EN 1317-2:2010, Road restraint systems - Part 2: Performance classes, impact test acceptance criteria and
test methods for safety barriers including vehicle parapets
EN 1317-3:2010, Road restraint systems - Part 3: Performance classes, impact test acceptance criteria and
test methods for crash cushions
ENV 1317-4:2001, Road restraint systems – Part 4: Performance classes, impact test acceptance criteria
and test methods for terminals and transitions of safety barriers
EN 12767:2019, Passive safety of support structures for road equipment - Requirements and test methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/ui
3.1
independent expert
third-party qualified expert in virtual testing with experience on vehicle restraint systems and/or passive
safety devices, independent from the organisation or the construction product he assesses (see Annex B)
3.2
numerical model
complete mathematical 3-D model of vehicle restraint systems, passive safety devices and vehicles
Note 1 to entry: It refers to a numerical model which might be analytical or discrete and aims to reproduce the
basic physical phenomena of a subject.
3.3
passive safety device
support structures for road equipment tested according to EN 12767:2019
1
The scope of this document is also applicable to passive safety devices.
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3.4
real test
real test performed at a test house according to the relevant standard
3.5
test item
device to be assessed using virtual testing
3.6
validated model
numerical model of the roadside or passive safety device or vehicle that fulfils the requirements of this
document after being checked and agreed by an independent expert
3.7
validation
set of activities defined to assess whether a numerical model can be considered representative of a
physical system or part in a specified range of conditions
3.8
vehicle restraint system
device tested according to EN 1317-1 and EN 1317-2, EN 1317-3or ENV 1317-4
3.9
verification
set of activities defined to check whether a numerical model is reliable and numerically stable
3.10
virtual test or virtual testing
activities related to the use of a numerical model to reproduce a real test and/or to simulate an impact
4 Symbols and abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and abbreviations apply:
ASI acceleration severity index
CoG centre of gravity
D dynamic deflection
D measured maximum dynamic deflection of the real test, in metres (m)
m
D measured maximum dynamic deflection of the real test with a tolerance of ± 0,15 m, in
m_mod
metres (m)
D measured maximum dynamic deflection of the virtual test, in metres (m)
VT
FE finite elements
FEA finite elements analysis
HGV heavy goods vehicle
LD lateral displacement
LDm measured lateral displacement of the real test, in metres (m)
LD measured lateral displacement of the real test with a tolerance of ± 0,15 m, in metres (m)
m_mod
LD measured lateral displacement of the virtual test, in metres (m)
VT
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MB multi-body
MBA multi-body analysis
THIV theoretical head impact velocity
TT type test
VI vehicle intrusion
VI measured vehicle intrusion of the real test, in metres (m)
m
VI measured vehicle intrusion of the real test with a tolerance of ± 0,15 m, in metres (m)
m_mod
VI measured vehicle intrusion of the virtual test, in metres (m)
VT
VT virtual test or virtual testing
W working width
W measured working width of the real test, in metres (m)
m
W measured working width of the real test with a tolerance of ± 0,15 m, in metres (m)
m_mod
W measured working width of the virtual test, in metres (m)
VT
ΔF change in force
Δs change in displacement
5 Requirements for numerical vehicle model
5.1 Modelling
A complete 3D numerical model of a real test vehicle according to EN 1317-1:2010 respectively
EN 12767:2019, as relevant, shall be created. The geometry of the vehicle and all inertial properties shall
be reproduced accurately. The numerical model shall include at least:
— frame;
— body;
— suspensions systems, front and rear;
— wheels;
— steering system;
— windows;
— engine block;
— ballast.
Vehicle specifications under test conditions shall be as specified as in EN 1317-1:2010, Table 1 and the
EN 12767:2019, 5.3, as relevant.
The vehicle shall be fitted with, as a minimum, one accelerometer for measurement in the longitudinal
(forward) direction, one for the lateral (sideways) direction, one for the vertical direction (downward)
and an angular velocity sensor (rate sensor). The accelerometers shall be mounted as prescribed by the
EN 1317-1:2010. Vehicular accelerations shown by this accelerometer shall be used for the calculation of
the severity indices, according to EN 1317-1:2010.
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The model shall be able to reproduce the comparable deformation observed in the type test.
5.2 General vehicle model behaviour assessment
For the validation of the numerical vehicle model, tests shall be performed according to this document,
comparable parameters shall be measured and the results shall be fully documented.
The validation tests that shall be carried out to ensure the numerical stability and the capability of the
numerical model are divided in categories dealing with vehicle setup, vehicle suspension and steering
kinematics, handling and crashworthiness.
5.3 Test methodology
5.3.1 General
The scope of the following analysis is to ensure the stability and robustness of the vehicle model and the
level of reliability of the results.
The finite element model and the multi body vehicle model shall be validated with the same requirements
and limits.
This procedure consists of a fixed number of compulsory tests and a series of additional tests that can be
performed depending on the intended use of the model.
For the vehicle model in order to be considered validated all compulsory tests shall be completed without
error terminations for the specified time.
In general the analysis shall be performed when the vehicle development is completed. Modification(s)
will require to perform some or the full set of the tests again.
In special situations where requirements of this document cannot be satisfied, deviations from the given
rules shall be reported and motivations shall be explained and then checked and agreed by an
independent expert (see Annex B). These exceptions shall only be motivated by technical and not by
economical reasons. An exception can be e.g. if the measurement in a real test cannot be reproduced
consistently.
5.3.2 Test description
5.3.2.1 Compulsory test
The tests are grouped in four different sets:
— Set 1. – Vehicle setup;
— Set 2. – Vehicle suspension and steering kinematics;
— Set 3. – Vehicle handling;
— Set 4. – Vehicle crashworthiness.
The tests included in Table 1 shall be performed to complete the vehicle validation.
The table includes the scope of the test, the results to be provided and the acceptance conditions (limits).
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Table 1 — Vehicle validation roadmap compulsory tests
Set 1. – Vehicle setup
Test 1.1 - Idle test (described in C.2)
Scope: Results to be provided: Limits:
Verify stability of the — Acceleration time (filtered: filter class CFC60) — Filtered accelerations:
vehicle model and 2
— Suspensions movement time history a < ± 3,0*9,81[m/s ]
general setup when
— Suspension movement:
stationary
Δs < |20| [mm] for all
vehicles except heavy
goods vehicles with
mass of 38 tons
Δs < |80| [mm] for heavy
goods vehicles with
mass of 38 tons
Set 2. – Vehicle suspension and steering kinematics
Test 2.1 – Isolated suspensions system (constrained vehicle) – full compression (described in C.3.1)
Scope: Results to be provided: Limits:
Verify suspension — Comparison between input curves and response — Allowed variation
kinematic and loading between input curves
— Identify the suspension maximum compression
and unloading and response:
capacity 0 0
ΔF < │0,05│*F Where F is
the suspension force
when stationary,
displacement
0
s = 0[mm] (see
Figure F.7 and F.8)
Test 2.2 – Isolated suspensions system (constrained vehicle) – full extension (described in C.3.1)
Scope: Results to be provided: Limits:
Verify suspension — Comparison between input curves and response — Allowed variation
kinematic and loading between input curves
— Identify the suspension maximum extension
capacity and response:
0
ΔF < │0,05│*F
0
Where F is the
suspension force when
stationary,
displacement
0
s = 0[mm] (see
Figure F.7 and F.8)
Test 2.3 – Isolated steering system (constraine
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 16303:2018
01-junij-2018
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Road restraint systems - Validation and verification process for the use of virtual testing
in crash testing against vehicle restraint system
Rückhaltesysteme an Straßen - Validierungs- und Nachweisverfahren für die Nutzung
von Computersimulationen bei Anprallprüfungen an Fahrzeug-Rückhaltesysteme
Dispositifs de retenue routiers - Processus de vérification et de validation pour l’utilisation
d’essais virtuels dans les essais de choc contre un dispositif de retenue pour véhicules
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 16303
ICS:
13.200 3UHSUHþHYDQMHQHVUHþLQ Accident and disaster control
NDWDVWURI
93.080.30 Cestna oprema in pomožne Road equipment and
naprave installations
oSIST prEN 16303:2018 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 16303:2018
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oSIST prEN 16303:2018
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 16303
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2018
ICS 13.200; 93.080.30 Will supersede CEN/TR 16303-1:2012, CEN/TR
16303-2:2012, CEN/TR 16303-3:2012, CEN/TR
16303-4:2012
English Version
Road restraint systems - Validation and verification
process for the use of virtual testing in crash testing
against vehicle restraint system
Dispositifs de retenue routiers - Processus de Rückhaltesysteme an Straßen - Validierungs- und
vérification et de validation pour l'utilisation d'essais Nachweisverfahren für die Nutzung von
virtuels dans les essais de choc contre un dispositif de Computersimulationen bei Anprallprüfungen an
retenue pour véhicules Fahrzeug-Rückhaltesysteme
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 226.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 16303:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN 16303:2018
prEN 16303:2018 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 6
Introduction . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 9
5 Requirements for numerical vehicle model . 10
5.1 General . 10
5.2 Validation . 10
5.3 Test methodology . 11
5.3.1 General . 11
5.3.2 Test description . 11
5.4 Verification . 13
5.5 Reporting . 13
6 Requirements for numerical model of roadside safety device . 14
6.1 Modelling . 14
6.2 Validation and verification . 14
6.3 Reporting . 14
7 Requirements for numerical model of passive safety device . 14
7.1 Modelling . 14
7.2 Validation and verification . 14
7.3 Reporting . 15
8 Validation requirements for virtual testing against roadside devices . 15
8.1 General . 15
8.2 Test specifications . 15
8.2.1 Safety barriers . 15
8.2.2 Crash cushions . 15
8.2.3 Terminals . 16
8.2.4 Passive safety support . 16
8.3 Comparison tables . 17
8.3.1 General . 17
8.3.2 Dynamic deflection for safety barrier . 18
8.3.3 Working width . 19
8.3.4 Vehicle intrusion . 19
8.3.5 Lateral displacements for crash cushion and terminals . 20
8.3.6 Comparison between final shapes of test item . 20
8.3.7 Additional Comparison table for cars . 20
8.3.8 Severity indices . 21
8.3.9 Time histories. 21
8.4 Reporting . 21
9 Virtual test verification . 22
9.1 General . 22
9.2 Finite element model verification . 22
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9.3 Multi-Body model verification . 23
9.4 Standard report and Output parameters . 23
Annex A (normative) Virtual Testing – Template for report . 24
A.1 General . 24
A.2 Verification and Validation report . 24
A.2.1 General . 24
A.2.2 Validation report cover . 24
A.2.3 Person/group performing VT . 24
A.2.4 Client . 25
A.2.5 Test procedure . 25
A.2.6 Software . 25
A.2.7 Validation virtual test conditions . 26
A.2.8 Test item model . 26
A.2.9 A table that shows/reports of the following . 27
A.2.10 Vehicle model . 27
A.2.11 Verification and validation criteria . 28
A.2.12 Comments to validation activities . 28
A.2.13 General statements . 28
A.2.14 Approval of report . 28
A.2.15 Annexes . 29
A.3 New performances report . 29
A.3.1 General . 29
A.3.2 Test procedure . 30
A.3.3 Software . 30
A.3.4 Impact virtual test conditions . 30
A.3.5 Additional information . 31
A.3.6 Modified test item model . 31
A.3.7 A table that shows/reports of the following . 32
A.3.8 Results . 32
A.3.9 General statements . 33
A.3.10 Approval of report . 33
A.3.11 Annexes . 34
Annex B (normative) Requirements for the entity (person/group) performing VT activities . 35
Annex C (informative) Validation procedures of a vehicle for crash test analysis . 37
C.1 General . 37
C.2 Vehicle setup – Idle test . 37
C.3 Vehicle suspension and steering kinematics . 37
C.3.1 Isolated suspensions system (constrained vehicle) - full compression and full
extension . 37
C.3.2 Isolated steering system (constrained vehicle) - full rotation both side . 38
C.4 Vehicle handling . 39
C.4.1 Linear track. 39
C.4.2 Test on curvilinear track . 39
C.4.3 Step test . 39
C.5 Vehicle crashworthiness - Test against rigidwall / rigid pole . 39
Annex D (informative) Considerations on the modelling techniques of a vehicle . 40
D.1 General . 40
D.2 General scheme of a vehicle . 40
D.3 Vehicle validation considerations . 41
D.4 Step by step development of a vehicle for crash test analysis . 42
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Annex E (informative) Recommendations for the mesh of Finite Element vehicle models
addressed to crash simulations . 43
E.1 Components to be modeled . 43
E.1.1 Frame . 43
E.1.2 Vehicle body . 43
E.1.3 Suspensions . 43
E.1.4 Wheels . 44
E.1.5 Steering system . 45
E.2 Model Organization . 46
E.2.1 General consideration . 46
E.2.2 Rules for the development of a modular model . 48
E.3 General recommendations for the material of Finite Element vehicle models
addressed to crash simulations . 49
E.3.1 Material constitutive laws . 49
E.3.2 Strain rate effect . 49
E.3.3 Model prediction . 49
E.3.4 New constitutive law . 49
E.4 General recommendations for the mesh of Finite Element vehicle models addressed
to crash simulations . 50
E.4.1 General . 50
E.4.2 2D-Mesh Specifications - General recommendations . 50
E.4.3 Criteria for the definition of geometric details . 50
E.4.4 Mesh features . 51
E.4.5 Welding and connections . 52
Annex F (informative) Recommendations for the mesh of Multi-Body vehicle models
addressed to crash simulations . 54
F.1 Multi-Body Models . 54
F.2 General requirements . 54
F.3 Modelling requirements . 54
F.4 Model Organization . 54
F.4.1 General consideration . 54
F.4.2 Vehicle body model . 55
F.4.3 Steering system . 56
F.4.4 Suspension . 56
F.4.5 Wheels . 60
F.5 General recommendations for the material of Multi-Body-Element vehicle models
addressed to virtual crash test . 66
F.5.1 Material . 66
F.5.2 Strain rate effect . 66
F.5.3 Model prediction . 66
Annex G (informative) Considerations on the modelling techniques of a roadside safety
device . 67
G.1 General . 67
G.2 Finite Element and Multi-body approaches . 67
G.3 Finite element guidelines . 68
G.4 Multi-body guidelines . 68
G.5 Step by step development of a roadside device . 68
G.5.1 Component to be modeled . 68
G.5.2 Material models . 69
G.5.3 Material modelling for dynamic finite elements simulations . 69
G.5.4 Material modelling for Multi-body simulations . 69
G.6 Verification of the model . 70
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G.6.1 General . 70
G.6.2 Basic Requirements . 70
G.6.3 Model Verification and Proof of Performance . 70
G.6.4 Finite Element Model . 70
G.6.5 Multi-Body Model . 70
G.6.6 Full-scale dynamic testing and Simulated Crash Testing . 71
G.6.7 Failure mode reproduction capability . 71
G.6.8 Collection data . 71
Annex H (informative) Recommendations for the mesh of Finite Element roadside device
models addressed to crash simulations . 72
H.1 Material recommendations for Finite Element roadside device models addressed to
crash simulations. 72
H.2 General recommendations for the mesh of Finite Element roadside device models
addressed to crash simulations . 72
H.3 2D-Mesh Specifications . 72
H.3.1 General recommendations . 72
H.3.2 Mesh features . 72
H.4 Welding and connections . 73
H.4.1 Spot-Welding . 73
H.4.2 Seam-Welding . 73
H.4.3 Bonded joint . 73
H.4.4 Bolted joint . 73
H.5 3D-Mesh specifications – Mesh features.
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