oSIST prEN 15827:2022
(Main)Railway applications - System Engineering requirements for bogies and running gear
Railway applications - System Engineering requirements for bogies and running gear
This document is applicable to the system engineering of all bogies and running gear.
It specifies the requirements to achieve:
— a satisfactory design of bogie or running gear
— validation of the design within its operating envelope
— a maintenance plan
to ensure the relevant performance and safety criteria are maintained.
No requirements are set for other systems components that are attached to the bogies or running gear, except to establish that a satisfactory interface has been provided.
NOTE Specifications that relate to bogies and running gear can only be considered in the context of a specific vehicle application. Therefore, the performance, including safety, can relate only to the bogies and running gear as part of a vehicle configuration and not to the individual elements of the bogies or running gear.
Bahnanwendungen - Anforderungen an das System Engineering für Drehgestelle und Fahrwerke
Dieses Dokument ist anzuwenden für die Systementwicklung von Drehgestellen und Fahrwerken für Schie
nenfahrzeuge, einschließlich der Fahrzeuge, die im Rahmen der Interoperabilitätsrichtlinien betrieben werden sollen.
In diesem Dokument werden Anforderungen beschrieben, die
- eine zufriedenstellende Konstruktion des Drehgestells oder Fahrwerks,
- eine Validierung der Konstruktion innerhalb seines Betriebsbereichs,
- einen Instandhaltungsplan
sicherstellen, um die entsprechenden Leistungs- und Sicherheitskriterien zu ermöglichen.
Das Systementwicklungsverfahren befasst sich nur mit der Konstruktion, Validierung und Instandhaltung von Drehgestellen und Fahrwerken. Es werden keine Anforderungen für Systembauteile festgelegt, die am Drehge
stell oder Fahrwerk befestigt sind, außer um sicherzustellen, dass eine akzeptable Schnittstelle vorliegt.
ANMERKUNG Drehgestell- und fahrwerksbezogene Spezifikationen können nur im Rahmen der Anwendung in einem bestimmten Fahrzeug betrachtet werden. Aus diesem Grund kann sich die Leistung, einschließlich der Sicherheit, nur auf die Drehgestelle und Fahrwerke als Teil eines Fahrzeugaufbaus und nicht auf individuelle Bauteile der Drehgestelle oder Fahrwerke stützen.
Applications ferroviaires - Requis systèmes pour l’ingénierie des bogies et des organes de roulements
Le présent document s'applique à l'ingénierie système des bogies et des organes de roulement équipant les véhicules ferroviaires, y compris les véhicules destinés à circuler en application des Directives d'interopérabilité.
Il spécifie les exigences pour :
— garantir une conception satisfaisante des bogies ou des organes de roulement ;
— valider la conception dans les limites de son enveloppe de fonctionnement ;
— établir un plan de maintenance ;
dans le but de remplir les critères de performances et de sécurité applicables.
Le processus d'ingénierie du système s'applique uniquement à la conception, à la validation et à la maintenance des bogies et des organes de roulement. Aucune exigence n'est spécifiée pour les autres composants systèmes qui sont fixés aux bogies et organes de roulement, sauf pour établir qu'ils assurent une interface satisfaisante.
NOTE Les spécifications relatives aux bogies et aux organes de roulement ne sont pertinentes que dans le cadre d'une application particulière à un véhicule. Par conséquent, les performances (y compris en matière de sécurité) peuvent s'appliquer uniquement aux bogies et aux organes de roulement dans le cadre d'une configuration de véhicule spécifique, mais pas aux bogies ou organes de roulement considérés individuellement.
Železniške naprave - Sistemskotehnične zahteve za podstavne vozičke in tekalne sestave
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 15827:2022
01-oktober-2022
Železniške naprave - Sistemskotehnične zahteve za podstavne vozičke in tekalne
sestave
Railway applications - System Engineering requirements for bogies and running gear
Bahnanwendungen - Anforderungen an das System Engineering für Drehgestelle und
Fahrwerke
Applications ferroviaires - Requis systèmes pour l’ingénierie des bogies et des organes
de roulements
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 15827
ICS:
45.040 Materiali in deli za železniško Materials and components
tehniko for railway engineering
oSIST prEN 15827:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 15827:2022
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 15827
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2022
ICS 45.040 Will supersede EN 15827:2011
English Version
Railway applications - System Engineering requirements
for bogies and running gear
Applications ferroviaires - Requis systèmes pour Bahnanwendungen - Anforderungen an das System
l'ingénierie des bogies et des organes de roulements Engineering für Drehgestelle und Fahrwerke
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 256.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 15827:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Engineering process. 10
4.1 General. 10
4.2 Process stages . 10
4.3 Function Development . 11
4.4 Risk assessment . 12
5 Requirements and interface management . 13
5.1 General. 13
5.2 Input to the bogie and running gear design and validation . 13
5.2.1 Operating environment . 13
5.2.2 Functional performance . 14
5.2.3 Vehicle parameters . 14
5.2.4 Design and validation requirements . 15
5.2.5 Other standards . 15
5.2.6 Maintenance and inspection inputs . 15
5.3 Validated operating envelope . 15
6 Structural design criteria . 17
6.1 General. 17
6.2 Loads . 17
6.3 Strength criteria . 18
7 Dynamic performance criteria . 18
7.1 Introduction . 18
7.2 Dynamic acceptance criteria . 19
7.2.1 General. 19
7.2.2 Safety against derailment at low speed . 19
7.2.3 Running dynamic behaviour. 19
7.2.4 Vibration dose and noise levels . 20
7.2.5 Gauging . 20
7.3 Ride characteristics and ride comfort . 21
7.4 Component dynamic performance requirements . 21
8 Validation of the design . 21
8.1 Validation plan . 21
8.2 Use of existing validation records. 22
8.3 Use of operational data in validation strategy . 23
8.4 Structural integrity validation . 23
8.5 Dynamic performance validation . 24
8.6 Dynamic performance by numerical simulation . 24
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9 Quality plan . 24
10 Maintenance plan . 25
10.1 General . 25
10.2 Input data . 25
10.3 Qualification of equipment and systems . 25
10.4 Skills and knowledge of maintenance staff . 25
10.5 Update of the maintenance plan . 25
10.6 Maintenance quality plan . 25
Annex A (informative) Component related standards . 26
Bibliography . 27
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European foreword
This document (prEN 15827:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway
applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 15827:2011.
The technical changes with respect to the previous edition are listed below:
a) the standard is focused on system engineering requirements;
b) the design criteria are replaced by references to specific standards.
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Introduction
This document focusses on system engineering related to the specification, design, validation and
maintenance of bogies and running gear and their interactions in one document.
System engineering requirements will ensure consistency over the complete life cycle from the
specification, through design, validation, operation and maintenance.
The performance requirements for bogies and running gear fall into two related areas, covering
functionality and safety. Functionality relates to such things as speed, load capacity, ride quality and
operating life. Safety covers gauging, structural integrity, dynamic performance, resistance to
derailment, etc. Functionality and safety are ensured by an appropriate maintenance strategy.
Accordingly, three particular areas of expertise and discipline of the engineering process are relevant
and are addressed in this document, namely:
— structural requirements; Clause 6;
— dynamic requirements; Clause 7;
— maintenance requirements; Clause 10.
These clauses provide top-level information on how the overall requirements are to be achieved in
these important specific areas as defined in more detail by other standards referenced in this document.
This document structure is typical of the engineering process for the design, validation and
maintenance support of bogies.
NOTE A bogie or running gear designed and validated in accordance with this document is likely to satisfy
the Essential Requirements of the rolling stock TSIs.
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1 Scope
This document is applicable to the system engineering of bogies and running gear for rail vehicles,
including those vehicles intended to operate under the Interoperability Directives.
It specifies the requirements to achieve:
— a satisfactory design of bogie or running gear
— validation of the design within its operating envelope
— a maintenance plan
to ensure the relevant performance and safety criteria are maintained.
The system engineering process addresses only the design, validation and maintenance of bogies and
running gear. No requirements are set for other systems components that are attached to the bogies or
running gear, except to establish that a satisfactory interface has been provided.
NOTE Specifications that relate to bogies and running gear can only be considered in the context of a specific
vehicle application. Therefore, the performance, including safety, can relate only to the bogies and running gear as
part of a vehicle configuration and not to the individual elements of the bogies or running gear.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 12080, Railway applications - Axleboxes - Rolling bearings
EN 12081, Railway applications - Axleboxes - Lubricating greases
EN 12082, Railway applications. Axleboxes. Performance testing
EN 12299, Railway applications - Ride comfort for passengers - Measurement and evaluation
EN 12663 (all parts), Railway applications. Structural requirements of railway vehicle bodies
EN 13103-1, Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Part 1: Design method for axles with external
journals
EN 13260, Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Wheelsets - Product requirements
EN 13261, Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Axles - Product requirements
EN 13262, Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Wheels - Product requirements
EN 13298, Railway applications - Suspension components - Helical suspension springs, steel
EN 13597, Railway applications - Rubber suspension components - Rubber diaphragms for pneumatic
suspension springs
EN 13715, Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Wheels - Tread profile
EN 13749, Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Method of specifying the structural requirements
of bogie frames
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EN 13802, Railway applications - Suspension components - Hydraulic dampers
EN 13913, Railway applications - Rubber suspension components - Elastomer-based mechanical parts
EN 13979-1, Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Monobloc Wheels - Technical approval
procedure - Part 1: Forged and rolled wheels
EN 14200, Railway applications - Suspension components - Parabolic springs, steel
EN 14363:2016+A1:2018, Railway applications - Testing and Simulation for the acceptance of running
characteristics of railway vehicles - Running Behaviour and stationary tests
EN 14817, Railway applications - Suspension components - Air spring control elements
EN 15049, Railway applications - Suspension components - Torsion bar, steel
EN 15085 (all parts), Railway applications. Welding of railway vehicles and components
EN 15227, Railway applications - Crashworthiness requirements for rail vehicles
EN 15273 (all parts), Railway applications. Gauges
EN 15313, Railway applications - In-service wheelset operation requirements - In-service and off-vehicle
wheelset maintenance
EN 15437 (all parts), Railway applications. Axlebox condition monitoring. Interface and design
requirements
EN 15663, Railway applications. Definition of vehicle reference masses
EN 15839, Railway applications. Testing for the acceptance of running characteristics of railway vehicles.
Freight wagons. Testing of running safety under longitudinal compressive forces
EN 15892:2011, Railway applications. Noise emission. Measurement of noise inside driver’s cabs
EN 16235:2013, Railway application - Testing for the acceptance of running characteristics of railway
vehicles - Freight wagons - Conditions for dispensation of freight wagons with defined characteristics from
on-track tests according to EN 14363
EN 16404, Railway applications - Re-railing and recovery requirements for railway vehicles
EN 17023, Railway applications - Railway vehicle maintenance - Creation and modification of
maintenance plan
EN 50125-1, Railway applications - Environmental conditions for equipment - Part 1: Rolling stock and
on-board equipment
EN ISO 3095, Acoustics - Railway applications - Measurement of noise emitted by railbound vehicles (ISO
3095:2013)
EN ISO 9712, Non-destructive testing - Qualification and certification of NDT personnel (ISO 9712:2021)
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3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
validation
process of demonstrating by analysis and/or test that the system under consideration meets in all
respects the specification, including requirements due to regulations, for that system
Note 1 to entry: When applied to a numerical model, validation is the process of demonstrating that the model of
the system responds in the manner of the actual system to a sufficient level of accuracy for its purpose.
3.2
verification
process of demonstrating by comparison or testing that an analytical result or estimated value is of an
acceptable level of accuracy
3.3
requirements specification
compilation of detailed performance requirements to be satisfied during the validation process
3.4
technical specification
document defining other or additional requirements not defined in this standard
Note 1 to entry: Usually this is produced by and agreed between the Customer and/or the Manufacturer
(sometimes called the Supplier) or even a Railway Undertaking and can be an accompaniment to Contractual
requirements.
3.5
analysis
assessment of performance by calculation, comparison or simulation that does not require the presence
of an actual product (though it may use the results of physical measurements or testing)
3.6
testing
subjecting a sample (or samples) of a product to a selection of specified inputs and measuring and
recording its responses
3.7
partial factor
factor applied during the strength assessment which makes an allowance for a combination of the
uncertainties and the safety criticality
3.8
reverse curve
two curves with alternating direction, with shortest possible distance between them in accordance with
track design conditions, including EN 14363 S-curves
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3.9
regulations
requirements stipulated by legislation or rules and conditions mandated by legislation or prescribed by
an infrastructure controller or relevant industry body, or similar
3.10
operating envelope
envelope of safe operation determined by the product validation process expressed in terms of the
relevant parameters
3.11
load case
set of loads or combinations of loads that represents a loading condition to which a structure or
component is subjected
3.12
permanent deformation
residual plastic deformation of ductile material, that is not recoverable when the applied load is
removed
3.13
significant permanent deformation
permanent deformation of an amount that infringes on the functionality of the structure by exceeding
the component geometric tolerances
3.14
pitch
rotational motion about a lateral axis
3.15
simulation
numerical method that uses a set of parameters and rules to describe a system (product or component)
in a manner that enables a representative response to be determined from a given set of inputs
3.16
roll
rotational motion about a longitudinal axis, parallel to the axis of the running rail
3.17
track testing
performing of tests under expected service conditions, on railway infrastructure that represents the
actual operating environment, and monitoring and recording the responses
Note 1 to entry: This is different to on-track testing as required by EN 14363:2016+A1:2018, which requires the
test track to have specific characteristics of track layout and the test to cover the planned speed range and cant
deficiency applicable to the vehicle.
3.18
laboratory testing
performing of tests within a building or restricted area where there is the capability of applying the
required inputs and with the equipment capable of monitoring and recording the response
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3.19
structural component
any component or constituent part of a structure that transfers or transmits load from one part of the
structure to another
3.20
utilisation
in structural analysis, the extent to which a component is subject to stress relative to the permissible
value when taking into account an appropriate partial factor (see 6.3)
3.21
safety critical component
component, the single point failure of which creates a serious hazard (as identified by the vehicle risk
assessment) before there is an opportunity for the risk to be detected and mitigating action taken
4 Engineering process
4.1 General
Bogies and running gear shall be designed and validated by a consistent engineering process that
incorporates all the requirements of this standard. It shall follow a quality management system that
controls and provides traceability of decision making.
NOTE A process consistent with ISO/TS 22163:2017 would meet the above requirements.
The engineering process shall provide a comprehensive list of requirements and their validation.
4.2 Process stages
The engineering process shall address the following as illustrated in Figure 1:
— collecting the top-level requirements
— developing the bogie system design and functions and subsequent requirements
— developing the components design and functions
— verification and validation of the components
— verification and validation of the bogie system
— verification and validation of the system integration
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Key
SV System Vehicle
SB System Bogie
Co Components
D Design
V &V Verification and Validation
Figure 1 — “V” model of Process stages
4.3 Function Development
The application of function development in the engineering process is not a mandatory requirement,
but in the context of this standard it is recognized as an appropriate means to demonstrate compliance
with the overall requirements of the engineering process in terms of consistency and
comprehensiveness. The “V cycle” as described in Figure 1 can be used.
Demonstration of consistency can be achieved by assigning top level requirements to functions and
tracing the development of the subsequent requirements for all system, subsystem and component
levels throughout the design and validation phases.
Demonstration of comprehensiveness can be achieved by crosschecking the relevance of all functions
for each system, subsystem and component. This will identify the contribution to functions, even if they
are not the dominant development objective of the subsystem or component.
NOTE An example in which a function is not the dominant objective of a component: the electrical resistance
is not a primary function of most components (e.g. primary suspension) but has an influence on the system design
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The following functions are related to a safe operation under the conditions set out in the technical
specification and therefore relevant within the scope of this document:
— running behaviour
— strength
— traction
— braking
— signalling
— maintainability
Other requirements (e.g. economic or contractual requirements) may extend the list of functions to be
developed (e.g. manufacturability) and will have significant impact on the design, performance and
maintenance plan of the product. Even though those requirements are out of scope of this standard, the
overall requirements of consistency and comprehensiveness of the engineering process imply that they
shall be handled with the same systematics as the mandatory requirements.
Functional requirements of higher system levels shall be considered to derive the acceptance criteria
for subjacent subsystems or components. This applies to acceptance criteria, including their tolerances,
for the design, manufacturing and maintenance (e.g. validation of the system characteristics of a
suspension system can take precedence over the validation of the characteristics of the individual
components of the system).
Corrosion protection is a cross functional requirement that needs to be considered throughout the
whole life cycle of the product, including intermediate assembly states (manufacture, transport and
storage) and spare parts.
4.4 Risk assessment
A risk assessment shall be performed to demonstrate that the remaining risk is at an acceptable level.
The resulting list of risk mitigation measures support the scope of the design activity and the validation
plan as well as the level of analysis and testing required.
NOTE 1 A safety assessment/risk analysis is an appropriate tool in determining the content of a validation and
maintenance plan but it is recognized that a comprehensive formal recording of potential hazardous events at the
design stage is not normal practice for individual mechanical components (e.g. wheels and axles) and risk is
addressed by adopting proven safe practice in the design, manufacture and maintenance procedures of these
components.
NOTE 2 FMECA (Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis; see EN 50126) and Hazops (Hazards and
Operability Studies) processes are examples of methods of carrying out risk assessments. Risk control includes
such measures as multiple fixings, safety retention systems or the adoption of higher partial factors, production
controls and/or additional maintenance, etc. Control measures contained in the normative references are a
suitable means of risk management. Partial factors for strength assessment are discussed further in the
supporting standards and allowance for tolerances on component performance is addressed under performance
criteria in Clause 7.
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5 Requirements and interface management
5.1 General
The design and validation process requires the integration of different disciplines and areas of expertise
and the knowledge associated with them. Therefore, the supply of bogies/running gear shall be based
on and recorded in a comprehensive requirements specification. This specification shall contain all the
relevant information describing the operating environment, the functional performance, the vehicle
parameters, validation requirements and maintenance and inspection requirements.
NOTE Homologation requirements are usually defined in the technical specification.
The bogie and running gear requirements shall be determined considering the overall vehicle
characteristics.
Any additional data required or assumptions used relevant to the application not identified in the
general specification or in the contractual documents should be defined in the technical specification.
Since the design is an iterative process, it may be necessary to revise parameters to achieve the desired
performance.
5.2 Input to the bogie and running gear design and validation
5.2
...
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