SIST EN 14042:2003
(Main)Workplace atmospheres - Guide for the application and use of procedures for the assessment of exposure to chemical and biological agents
Workplace atmospheres - Guide for the application and use of procedures for the assessment of exposure to chemical and biological agents
This European Standard provides guidance on the selection of procedures, and the installation, use and maintenance of devices for the determination of concentrations of chemical or biological agents in workplace atmospheres.
This European Standard is based on the guidance given in EN 689 and the requirements of EN 482.
Where appropriate, this European Standard specifies additional requirements specific to particular procedures or devices, or classes thereof.
It is the user's primary responsibility to choose appropriate procedures or devices that meet the requirements of relevant European Standards. One way of doing this is to obtain information or confirmation from the manufacturer. Type testing, or more generally, the assessment of performance criteria of procedures or devices, can be undertaken by the manufacturer, user, test house or research and development laboratory, as is most appropriate.
Although this Standard specifically addresses workplace air, many of the procedures or devices are also relevant to the assessment of air quality in ambient or indoor air.
Specific guides exist for electrical apparatus used for the direct detection and direct concentration measurement of toxic gases and vapours in workplace atmospheres (EN 45544-4) and for diffusive samplers for the determination of gases and vapours in ambient air (prEN 13528-3).
Arbeitsplatzatmosphäre - Leitfaden für die Anwendung und den Einsatz von Verfahren und Geräten zur Ermittlung chemischer und biologischer Arbeitsstoffe
Diese Europäische Norm stellt Leitlinien für die Auswahl von Verfahren und für die Installation, Anwendung und Wartung von Geräten zur Bestimmung der Konzentrationen chemischer oder biologischer Arbeitsstoffe in Arbeitsplatzatmosphären zur Verfügung.
Grundlage dieser Europäischen Norm sind die in EN 689 gegebenen Anleitungen und die Anforderungen von EN 482.
In den gegebenen Fällen legt diese Europäische Norm zusätzliche Anforderungen fest, die für besondere Verfahren oder Geräte oder Klassen von diesen spezifisch sind.
Es liegt in der primären Verantwortung der Anwender, geeignete Verfahren oder Geräte zu wählen, die den Anforderungen der einschlägigen Europäischen Normen entsprechen. Eine Möglichkeit, dies zu erreichen, ist, vom Hersteller Informationen oder Bestätigungen zu beschaffen. Die Typprüfung oder allgemeiner gesagt Conformance die Beurteilung der Leistungskriterien von Messverfahren oder Geräten kann durch den Hersteller, den Anwender, eine Prüfeinrichtung oder ein Laboratorium für Forschung und Entwicklung erfolgen, je nach dem, was am geeignetsten ist.
Obgleich diese Norm spezifisch die Luft am Arbeitplatz behandelt, sind viele der Verfahren oder Geräte auch für die Beurteilung der Beschaffenheit der Umgebungsluft oder der Luft innerhalb von Gebäuden von Bedeutung.
Es bestehen spezifische Leitlinien für elektrische Geräte, die für die direkte Detektion und für die direkte Messung der Konzentration toxischer Gase und Dämpfe in Arbeitsplatzatmosphären (EN 45544-4) verwendet werden, sowie für Diffusionssammler zur Bestimmung von Gasen und Dämpfen in der Umgebungsluft (EN 13528-3).
Atmospheres des lieux de travail - Guide pour l'application et l'utilisation de procédures permettant d'évaluer l'exposition aux agents chimiques et biologiques
La présente Norme européenne fournit des recommandations sur le choix des procédures ainsi que sur l'installation, l'utilisation et la maintenance de dispositifs permettant de déterminer les concentrations d'agents chimiques ou biologiques dans les atmospheres des lieux de travail.
Les recommandations fournies dans l'EN 689 ainsi que les exigences de l'EN 482 servent de base a la présente Norme européenne.
Le cas échéant, la présente Norme européenne spécifie des exigences supplémentaires spécifiques aux procédures et dispositifs particuliers, ou a leurs catégories.
La responsabilité premiere de l'utilisateur est de choisir les procédures ou dispositifs appropriés qui satisfont aux exigences des normes européennes correspondantes. Se procurer des informations ou une confirmation de la part du fabricant peut etre une façon d'effectuer ce choix. Les essais de type, ou plus généralement, l'évaluation des criteres de performance des procédures ou dispositifs, peuvent etre entrepris par le fabricant, l'utilisateur, le laboratoire d'essais ou de recherche et de développement, suivant ce qui est le plus approprié.
Bien que la présente norme traite en particulier de l'air des lieux de travail, la plupart des procédures ou dispositifs sont également adaptés a l'évaluation de la qualité de l'air ambiant ou intérieur.
Il existe des guides spécifiques sur les appareils électriques utilisés pour la détection directe et le mesurage direct de la concentration des gaz et vapeurs toxiques dans les atmospheres des lieux de travail (EN 45544-4). Des guides spécifiques existent également pour les échantillonneurs par diffusion utilisés pour la détermination des gaz et vapeurs présents dans l'air ambiant (prEN 13528-3).
Zrak na delovnem mestu - Vodilo za uporabo postopkov za oceno izpostavljenosti kemičnim in biološkim agensom
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.RVWDYOMHQRVWLArbeitsplatzatmosphäre - Leitfaden für die Anwendung und den Einsatz von Verfahren und Geräten zur Ermittlung chemischer und biologischer ArbeitsstoffeAtmospheres des lieux de travail - Guide pour l'application et l'utilisation de procédures permettant d'évaluer l'exposition aux agents chimiques et biologiquesWorkplace atmospheres - Guide for the application and use of procedures for the assessment of exposure to chemical and biological agents13.040.30Kakovost zraka na delovnem mestuWorkplace atmospheresICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14042:2003SIST EN 14042:2003en,fr,de01-november-2003SIST EN 14042:2003SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 14042:2003
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 14042April 2003ICS 13.040.30English versionWorkplace atmospheres - Guide for the application and use ofprocedures for the assessment of exposure to chemical andbiological agentsAtmosphères des lieux de travail - Guide pour l'applicationet l'utilisation de procédures permettant d'évaluerl'exposition aux agents chimiques et biologiquesArbeitsplatzatmosphäre - Leitfaden für die Anwendung undden Einsatz von Verfahren und Geräten zur Ermittlungchemischer und biologischer ArbeitsstoffeThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 September 2002.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2003 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14042:2003 ESIST EN 14042:2003
EN 14042:2003 (E)2ContentsForeword.4Introduction.51Scope.52Normative references.53Terms and definitions.64Measurement objectives and strategy.94.1General.94.2EN 689.94.2.1General.94.2.2Occupational exposure assessment.94.2.3Periodic measurements.104.2.4Reassessment.104.2.5Measurement strategy.104.3EN 482.114.4Other tasks.115Selection of the measurement procedure or device.125.1General.125.2Selection flow chart.135.3Selectivity requirements.165.4The influence of environmental parameters.175.5Fitness for purpose.176Operating principles and characteristics.176.1General.176.2Measurement of chemical agents.186.2.1Short term detector tubes.186.2.2Procedures using an impinger/bubbler as sampler.196.2.3Procedures using a denuder as sampler.206.2.4Procedures using a particle selector to sample size fractions.216.2.5Procedures to measure chemical agents present as mixtures of particles and vapour.226.2.6Procedures using pumped samplers for gases and vapours.236.2.7Procedures using diffusive samplers.246.2.8Procedures to measure metals and metalloids in airborne particles.256.2.9Procedures using bags and canisters for sampling.266.3Measurement of airborne micro-organisms and endotoxin.276.3.1Methods using an impactor as sampler.276.3.2Procedures using impingers as samplers.286.3.3Procedures using filtration samplers.297Operation of the measuring devices.297.1Guidance for use of measuring procedures and personal, portable and transportablemeasuring devices.297.1.1General.297.1.2Transportation.307.1.3Storage conditions and shelf life.307.1.4Field measurements.307.1.5Inspection and field check.317.2Guidance for use of fixed measuring devices.317.2.1General.317.2.2Installation.327.2.3Location.327.2.4Inspection and field check.33SIST EN 14042:2003
EN 14042:2003 (E)38Recommendations on the use of sampling pumps.348.1General.348.2Factors influencing the flow rate stability of a pump.348.3Flow rate calibration.358.4Calculation of flow rates and sampling volumes.368.4.1Mean volumetric flow rate.368.4.2Sampling volume.369Maintenance and calibration.3710Disposal of measuring devices.3811Requirements for training.3812Quality assurance.38Bibliography.39SIST EN 14042:2003
EN 14042:2003 (E)4ForewordThis document (EN 14042:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 137 “Assessment ofworkplace exposure”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by October 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latestby October 2003.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.This document includes a Bibliography.SIST EN 14042:2003
EN 14042:2003 (E)5IntroductionMarking EN 14042 on or in relation to a product represents a manufacturer's declaration of conformity, i.e. a claimby or on behalf of the manufacturer that the product meets the requirements of relevant European standards. Theaccuracy of the claim is therefore the responsibility of the person making the claim.1 ScopeThis European Standard provides guidance on the selection of procedures, and the installation, use andmaintenance of devices for the determination of concentrations of chemical or biological agents in workplaceatmospheres.This European Standard is based on the guidance given in EN 689 and the requirements of EN 482.Where appropriate, this European Standard specifies additional requirements specific to particular procedures ordevices, or classes thereof.It is the user's primary responsibility to choose appropriate procedures or devices that meet the requirements ofrelevant European Standards. One way of doing this is to obtain information or confirmation from the manufacturer.Type testing, or more generally, the assessment of performance criteria of procedures or devices, can beundertaken by the manufacturer, user, test house or research and development laboratory, as is most appropriate.Although this Standard specifically addresses workplace air, many of the procedures or devices are also relevant tothe assessment of air quality in ambient or indoor air.Specific guides exist for electrical apparatus used for the direct detection and direct concentration measurement oftoxic gases and vapours in workplace atmospheres (EN 45544-4) and for diffusive samplers for the determinationof gases and vapours in ambient air (prEN 13528-3).2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. Fordated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this EuropeanStandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of thepublication referred to applies (including amendments).EN 482:1994, Workplace atmospheres — General requirements for the performance of procedures for themeasurement of chemical agents.EN 689, Workplace atmospheres — Guidance for the assessment of exposure by inhalation to chemical agents forcomparison with limit values and measurement strategy.EN 838:1995, Workplace atmospheres — Diffusive samplers for the determination of gases and vapours —Requirements and test methods.EN 1076:1997, Workplace atmospheres — Pumped sorbent tubes for the determination of gases and vapours —Requirements and test methods.EN 1231:1996, Workplace atmospheres — Short term detector tube measurement systems — Requirements andtest methods.EN 1232, Workplace atmospheres — Pumps for personal sampling of chemical agents — Requirements and testmethods.SIST EN 14042:2003
EN 14042:2003 (E)6EN 12919, Workplace atmospheres — Pumps for sampling of chemical agents with a volume flow rate of over5 l/min — Requirements and test methods.EN 13098, Workplace atmospheres — Guidelines for measurement of airborne micro-organisms and endotoxin.EN 13205, Workplace atmospheres — Assessment of performance of instruments for measurement of airborneparticle concentrations.prEN 13528-3, Ambient air quality — Diffusive samplers for the determination of concentration of gases andvapours — Part 3: Guide to selection, use and maintenance.EN 13890, Workplace atmospheres — Procedures for measuring metals and metalloids in airborne particles —Requirements and test methods.ENV 13936:2001, Workplace atmospheres — Measurement of chemical agents present as mixtures of airborneparticles and vapour — Requirements and test methods.EN 45544-4, Workplace atmospheres — Electrical apparatus used for the direct detection and direct concentrationmeasurement of toxic gases and vapours — Part 4: Guide for selection, installation, use and maintenance.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1accuracycloseness of agreement between a test result and the accepted reference value[ISO 3534-1:1993]3.2averaging timeperiod of time for which the measuring procedure yields a single value[EN 482:1994]3.3biasconsistent deviation of the measured value from the value of the air quality characteristic itself or the acceptedreference value[ISO 6879:1995]NOTE In this European Standard “air quality characteristic” means the concentration of the pollutant in workplace air.3.4biological agentmicro-organisms, including those which have been genetically modified, cell cultures and human endoparasiteswhich can cause any infection, allergy or toxicity or otherwise create a risk to human health[EN 1540:1998]3.5chemical agentany chemical element or compound, on its own or admixed as it occurs in the natural state or as produced by anywork activity, whether or not it is produced intentionally and whether or not placed on the market[EN 1540:1998]SIST EN 14042:2003
EN 14042:2003 (E)73.6desorption efficiencyratio of the mass of analyte desorbed from a sampling device to that applied[EN 838:1995]3.7detector tube measurement systemcomplete measurement system consisting of a detector tube and a detector tube pump[EN 1231:1996]3.8diffusive samplerdevice which is capable of taking samples of gases or vapours from the atmosphere at a rate controlled by aphysical process such as gaseous diffusion through a static air layer or a porous material and/or permeationthrough a membrane, but which does not involve the active movement of air through the samplerNOTE 1Adapted from EN 838:1995.NOTE 2Active normally refers to the pumped movement of air.3.9diffusive uptake raterate at which the diffusive sampler collects a particular gas or vapour from the atmosphere, expressed innanograms per parts per million1) per minute (ng ppm-1
min-1) or cubic centimetres per minute (cm3 min-1)[EN 838:1995]3.10inhalable fractionmass fraction of total airborne particles which is inhaled through the nose and mouth[EN 481:1993]3.11length of stain detector tube (in the following called “detector tube”)glass tube containing chemical reagents in which a colour change can be produced when a sample of theatmosphere is drawn through itNOTEThe length of stain, relative to a graduated scale, provides a measure of the concentration of the specified chemicalagent in air.3.12limit value (LV)reference figure for the concentration of a chemical or biological agent in air[EN 1540:1998]3.13measuring procedureprocedure for sampling and analysing one or more chemical or biological agents in the air and including storageand transportation of the sample[EN 1540:1998]
1) ppm is volume fraction, (f)=10-6.SIST EN 14042:2003
EN 14042:2003 (E)83.14overall uncertainty (OU) (of a measuring procedure or of an instrument)quantity used to characterise as a whole the uncertainty of the result given by an apparatus or a measuringprocedure. It is expressed, as a percentage, by a combination of bias and precision usually according to theformula:refrefxsxx2+-(1)wherexis the mean value of results of a number (n) of repeated measurements;xref
is the true or accepted reference value of concentration;s is the standard deviation of measurements.[EN 1540:1998]3.15particle/ vapour mixtureaerosol consisting of airborne particles and vapour[ENV 13936:2001]3.16precisionthe closeness of agreement between independent test results obtained under stipulated conditions[ISO 3534-1:1993]3.17pumped samplerdevice which is capable of taking samples of gases, vapours or particulates from the atmosphere and consisting ofa sampling medium, such as a sorbent tube or filter, and an air sampling pump3.18respirable fractionmass fraction of inhaled particles penetrating to the inciliated airways[EN 481:1993]3.19selectivitydegree of independence from interferents[EN 482:1994]3.20sorbent tubetube, usually made of metal or glass, containing an active sorbent or reagent-impregnated support, through whichsampled atmosphere is passed at a rate controlled by an air sampling pump[EN 1076:1997]3.21specified measuring rangeset of values of the concentration for which the overall uncertainty of a measurement procedure is intended to liewithin specified limits[EN 482:1994]SIST EN 14042:2003
EN 14042:2003 (E)93.22suspended matterparticles that remain airborne long enough to be detected by any physical means[EN 1540:1998]3.23total airborne particlesall particles surrounded by air in a given volume of air[EN 481:1993]3.24true valuevalue which characterises a quantity perfectly defined in the conditions which exist when that quantity is considered(or is the subject of a determination)[ISO 3534-1:1993]NOTEIt is an ideal value which could be arrived at only if all causes of measurement error were eliminated and thepopulation was infinite.4 Measurement objectives and strategy4.1 GeneralThere are an extensive number of industrial processes and chemical and/or biological agents. An individualmanufacturing stage can apply a number of conditions and a number of job functions can be necessary, each ofwhich can result in different exposure conditions. Distance from an emission source and physical parameters(release rate, environmental conditions, ventilation) can also have a significant influence. Rapid fluctuations inconcentration or large variations over small distances are commonplace; therefore the siting, timing and duration ofsampling or direct measurement are of great importance.A workplace monitoring strategy will involve various measuring procedures. The European Committee forStandardization (CEN), has introduced two standards dealing with "assessment of workers exposure”. The first,EN 689, gives guidance for the assessment of workers exposure to chemical agents in workplace atmospheresincluding measurement strategy. The second, EN 482, specifies general performance requirements for proceduresfor determining the concentration of chemical agents in workplace atmospheres. The following clauses give a briefoutline of the content of these two European Standards.4.2 EN 6894.2.1 GeneralThe workers exposure assessment is based on an occupational exposure assessment and, if necessary, periodicmeasurements to check that the exposure conditions are unchanged. If the conditions are changed, a re-assessment is necessary.4.2.2 Occupational exposure assessmentThe occupational exposure assessment is used to identify potential exposure situations and assess the level ofexposure through a sequence of stages with increasing sophistication (initial appraisal, basic survey, detailedsurvey). The assessment can be concluded at any stage. If a conclusion cannot be reached, the next stage of theassessment is undertaken.The initial appraisal will indicate the likelihood of exposure.
It is based on the list of chemical agents that are likelyto be present in the workplace atmospheres and on several workplace factors likely to have an influence on theexposure level (e. g. tasks, work pattern and techniques, ventilation, emission sources). If the initial appraisalshows that the presence of an agent in the air at the workplace cannot for certain be ruled out, this agent needs toSIST EN 14042:2003
EN 14042:2003 (E)10be considered in the next stage. In practice this means that if an agent is introduced in the factory even as animpurity or is produced in the factory even as a side product or waste, it has to be considered in the basic survey.The basic survey provides quantitative information about exposure. This information is based on earliermeasurements, measurements from comparable installations or reliable calculations on relevant quantitative data.If the information obtained is insufficient to enable valid comparison to be made with the limit value, it has to besupplemented by workplace measurements. If the basic survey shows that the exposure is above the limit value,EN 689 requires that immediate action be taken to remedy the situation and a new assessment be conducted. Ifthe basic survey shows that the exposure is well below the limit value and is expected to remain so on a long termbasis taking in account the stability of conditions at the workplace and the arrangement of the workplace process,the assessment procedure may be stopped. In EN 689 no figure is associated with the concept 'well below the limitvalue'.NOTEWhat is considered as “well below limit value” can be regulated by national law, but it is generally admitted that itconcerns time weighted average concentrations less than 0,1 LV.The detailed survey will provide validated and reliable information on exposure when the exposure is close to thelimit value. The information is based on workplace measurements and will lead to the conclusion of theoccupational exposure assessment.According to EN 689 the occupational exposure assessment phase will be concluded with one of the three actionslisted below:a) When the exposure exceeds the limit value, control measure are taken to reduce the exposure and theexposure re-assessed.b) When the exposure is well below the limit value, a re-assessment of the exposure level will be done at periodicintervals. The time interval between assessments will depend on how long the exposure level is likely toremain low.c) When the exposure is between a) and b), a periodic measurement scheme should be established to monitorthe exposure level.4.2.3 Periodic measurementsThe emphasis of periodic measurement is on longer term objectives such as checking that control measuresremain effective. Information is likely to be obtained on trends or changes in pattern of exposure so that action canbe taken before excessive exposure occurs. In this respect it is important to use a measurement method andstrategy that makes it possible to detect trends at a sufficiently early stage.4.2.4 ReassessmentAt any time during the assessment and monitoring process, changes in the process or control measures couldhave a major impact on the exposure level. Therefore, such changes will require a re-assessment of the exposure.4.2.5 Measurement strategyThe measurement strategy described is based on an approach which enables the efficient use of resources.The measurement strategy gives instructions on the selection of the measurement task and procedure, theselection of the workers for the exposure measurements, the selection of the measurement conditions and patternsand gives some examples of data treatment.EN 689 refers to the basic measurement tasks described in EN 482.SIST EN 14042:2003
EN 14042:2003 (E)114.3 EN 4824.3.1The general requirements referred to in EN 482 apply to all measuring procedures, irrespective of thechemical nature or physical form of the agent, and irrespective of the sampling method or analytical method used.EN 482 is applicable to measuring procedures with separate sampling and analysis stages and to direct readinginstruments. The performance requirements include unambiguity, selectivity and overall uncertainty (a combinationof bias and precision) for minimum specified measuring ranges and averaging times. EN 482 is a basis forforthcoming standards for specific procedures and devices for workplace measurements (see clauses 5 and 6).4.3.2Five basic measurement tasks have been defined in the standard. These are:a) Screening measurements of time weighted average concentration to provide relatively crude quantitativeinformation on the exposure level in order to determine whether an exposure problem exists at all. Thesemeasurements can also be used to determine if the exposure is well below or well above the limit values.b) Screening measurements of variation of concentration in time and/or space to provide information of the likelypattern of exposure and to identify locations and periods of "high" exposure. They can also be used to set theduration and frequency of sampling for measurements for comparison with limit values.c) Measurements near an emission source to provide information on the location and the intensity of the source.In association with other information they can allow the elimination of a suspected source as a significantcontributor to exposure.d) Measurements for comparison with limit value to provide accurate and reliable information on the time-weighted average concentration of a specific agent in the air which can be inhaled.e) Periodic measurements to check if the exposure conditions have changed since the last comparison with limitvalues, or whether the control measure remain effective.4.3.3EN 482:1994, annex A gives a list of measurement task referred to in EN 689 and involving a combinationof the basic measurement tasks:a) Worst case measurementsScreening measurements in time and space can clearly identify episodes where higher exposure occur, e.g. highemissions due to certain work activities. Sampling periods can be selected containing these episodes. Thisapproach is called worst case sampling. Subsequently, monitoring can be required
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