kSIST-TP FprCEN ISO/TR 9241-100:2023

Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 100: Overview of ISO 9241 software ergonomic standards (ISO/DTR 9241-100:2022)

ISO 9241-100:2010 enables users of standards related to software ergonomics to identify ergonomics standards particularly relevant to software development, gain an overview on the content of software-ergonomics standards, understand the role of software-ergonomics standards in specifying user requirements as well as designing and evaluating user interfaces and understand the relationship between the various standards.
The software-ergonomics standards are applicable to all those software components of an interactive system affecting usability, including application software (including web-based applications), operating systems, embedded software, software development tools and assistive technologies.

Ergonomie der Mensch-System-Interaktion - Teil 100: Überblick über Normen zur Software-Ergonomie (ISO/DTR 9241-100:2022)

Ergonomie de l'interaction homme-système - Partie 100: Introduction aux normes relatives à l'ergonomie des logiciels (ISO/DTR 9241-100:2022)

L'ISO 9241-100:2010 permet aux utilisateurs de normes relatives à l'ergonomie des logiciels d'identifier les normes d'ergonomie qui s'appliquent particulièrement au développement logiciel, d'avoir une vue d'ensemble du contenu des normes relatives à l'ergonomie des logiciels, de comprendre le rôle des normes relatives à l'ergonomie des logiciels dans la spécification des exigences utilisateur ainsi que dans la conception et l'évaluation des interfaces utilisateur et de comprendre les relations qui existent entre les différentes normes.
Les normes relatives à l'ergonomie des logiciels s'appliquent à tous les composants logiciels d'un système interactif affectant l'utilisabilité, notamment les applications logicielles (y compris les applications Web), les systèmes d'exploitation, les logiciels intégrés, les outils de développement logiciel et les technologies d'assistance.

Ergonomija medsebojnega vpliva človek-sistem - 100. del: Pregled standardov za ergonomijo, povezano s programsko opremo (ISO/DTR 9241-100:2022)

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 30-Jan-2023
• ICS: 13.180 - Ergonomics
• ICS: 35.180 - IT Terminal and other peripheral equipment
• Technical Committee: VSN - Safety of machinery
• Current Stage: 5020 - Formal vote (FV) (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 08-Dec-2022
• Due Date: 26-Jan-2023
• Ref Project: FprCEN ISO/TR 9241-100 - Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 100: Overview of ISO 9241 software ergonomic standards (ISO/DTR 9241-100:2022)

RELATIONS

• Revised: SIST-TP CEN ISO/TR 9241-100:2011 - Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 100: Introduction to standards related to software ergonomics (ISO/TR 9241-100:2010)
• Effective Date: 22-Dec-2021

Standards Content (sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
kSIST-TP FprCEN ISO/TR 9241-100:2023
01-januar-2023
Ergonomija medsebojnega vpliva človek-sistem - 100. del: Pregled standardov za
ergonomijo, povezano s programsko opremo (ISO/DTR 9241-100:2022)
Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 100: Overview of ISO 9241 software
ergonomic standards (ISO/DTR 9241-100:2022)
Ergonomie der Mensch-System-Interaktion - Teil 100: Überblick über Normen zur
Software-Ergonomie (ISO/DTR 9241-100:2022)
Ergonomie de l'interaction homme-système - Partie 100: Introduction aux normes
relatives à l'ergonomie des logiciels (ISO/DTR 9241-100:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprCEN ISO/TR 9241-100
ICS:
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
35.180 Terminalska in druga IT Terminal and other
periferna oprema IT peripheral equipment
kSIST-TP FprCEN ISO/TR 9241-100:2023 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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kSIST-TP FprCEN ISO/TR 9241-100:2023
FINAL
TECHNICAL ISO/DTR
DRAFT
REPORT 9241-100
ISO/TC 159/SC 4
Ergonomics of human-system
Secretariat: BSI
interaction —
Voting begins on:
2022-10-13
Part 100:
Voting terminates on:
Overview of ISO 9241 software
2023-01-05
ergonomic standards
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/DTR 9241-100:2022(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2022
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kSIST-TP FprCEN ISO/TR 9241-100:2023
ISO/DTR 9241-100:2022(E)
FINAL
TECHNICAL ISO/DTR
DRAFT
REPORT 9241-100
ISO/TC 159/SC 4
Ergonomics of human-system
Secretariat: BSI
interaction —
Voting begins on:
Part 100:
Voting terminates on:
Overview of ISO 9241 software
ergonomic standards
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2022

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may

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or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
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THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
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DOCUMENTATION.
Phone: [phone]
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
Email: [e-mail]
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/DTR 9241-100:2022(E)
Website: www.iso.org
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
Published in Switzerland
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2022
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ISO/DTR 9241-100:2022(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 Overview of ISO 9241 software ergonomic standards ................................................................................................ 2

5 Executive summaries of ISO software ergonomic standards .............................................................................. 5

5 .1 I S O 9241-11:2018 .................................................................................................................................................................................. 5

5 . 2 I S O 9241-13:19 98 .................................................................................................................................................................................. 5

5 . 3 I S O 9241-14:19 97 .................................................................................................................................................................................. 7

5 .4 I S O 9241-110 :2019 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 7

5 . 5 I S O 9241-112:2017 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 8

5 . 6 I S O 9241-125:2017 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 9

5 .7 I S O/ T S 9241-126:2019 .................................................................................................................................................................. 10

5 . 8 I S O 9241-129:2010 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 11

5 .9 I S O 9241-143:2012 ............................................................................................................................................................................12

5 .10 I S O 9241-15 4:2013 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 13

5 .11 I S O 9241-161:2016 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 15

5.12 IS O 9241-171:2008 ........................................................................................................................................... ................................. 16

5 .13 I S O 9241-210 :2019 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 17

5 .14 I S O 9241-220 :2019 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 18

6 Standards under development ...........................................................................................................................................................19

Annex A (informative) Additional guidance beyond the ISO 9241-1XX family ....................................................21

iii
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
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Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to

the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see

www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee

SC 4, Ergonomics of human-system interaction, in collaboration with the European Committee for

Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 122, Ergonomics, in accordance with the

Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TR 9241-100:2010), which has been

technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— overview of the ISO 9241 series updated;
— text edited and added to;
— new Figure 1 added.
A list of all parts in the ISO 9241 series can be found on the ISO website.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
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Introduction

The purpose of this document is to provide concise descriptions of the parts of the ISO 9241 series that

provide requirements and recommendations for the ergonomic design of software-based interactive

systems. It includes descriptions of all the current parts in the ISO 9241-1XX family of documents,

which are specifically directed at software, together with descriptions of ISO 9242-11, ISO 9241-210

and ISO 9241-220, which address the concept of usability, human-centred design and human-centred

design processes, respectively.

It also informs the reader about upcoming documents that are currently under development.

The adoption of a human-centred approach to the development of products and systems and the

application of the requirements and recommendations contained in the ISO 9241-1XX family of

documents helps prevent users from experiencing usability problems, such as:
— additional unnecessary steps not required as part of the task;
— misleading information;
— insufficient and poor information on the user interface;
— navigational limitations during use;
— inefficient error recovery.
The documents contain guidance at the levels of:
— principles, e.g. “conformity with user expectations” (ISO 9241- 110, 5.3);

— general recommendations, e.g. “The interactive system should use cultural and linguistic conventions

for presentation, input and control that the users are familiar with” (ISO 9241-110, 5.3.3.1);

— guidance specific to a thematic subject, e.g. “If sounds need to be used in different countries or

cultures, or will be presented to individuals speaking different languages, then the sounds should

be culturally appropriate” (ISO 9241-126, 6.1.11).

NOTE Currently, when people phone someone whose line is in use, they hear a different signal in

different countries.

The documents do not specify “standardized solutions” in terms of conventions, for example, “the title

bar of a window in focus is coloured blue” or “the push button 'OK' is always placed to the left of the push

button 'Cancel'.” Such “industry conventions” or even “industry regulations” are published by industry

sources and can be found in literature. However, the guidance relating to presented information in

ISO documents is intended to be applied when establishing or assessing industry conventions for user

interfaces of interactive systems.
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kSIST-TP FprCEN ISO/TR 9241-100:2023
TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/DTR 9241-100:2022(E)
Ergonomics of human-system interaction —
Part 100:
Overview of ISO 9241 software ergonomic standards
1 Scope

This document provides an overview of ISO 9241 software ergonomic standards in the form of executive

summaries of these standards, in particular the parts in the ISO 9241-1XX family of documents. In

addition, it provides executive summaries for ISO 9242-11, ISO 9241-210 and ISO 9241-220, which have

specific relevance to the design of software-based interactive systems.
This document is intended for the following types of users:

— managers, who are involved in planning and managing product, system and/or service development

projects, who are to be informed on the human-centred design approach and on guidance on

software ergonomics;

— developers, who will apply the guidance in these documents during the development process (either

directly, based on training, or by using tools and style guides which incorporate the guidance);

— user interface design roles (including interaction designers, information architects, user interface

designers, visual designers and content creators), who will apply the guidance in these documents

during the creation and design process (either directly, based on training, or by using tools and style

guides which incorporate the guidance);

— user researchers, who are responsible for identifying user needs and inform context of use of a

product, system or service;

— evaluators, who are responsible for ensuring that products, systems or services meet the

recommendations contained in these documents;

— buyers, who will reference these documents in contracts during product procurement;

— designers of user interface development tools and style guides to be used by user interface designers

and developers.

While the documents are applicable to all types of interactive systems, they do not cover the specifics of

every context of use, such as safety critical systems and collaborative work.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.

ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
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4 Overview of ISO 9241 software ergonomic standards

The ISO 9241 series provides requirements and recommendations that address the ergonomics issues

that arise in the design and development of interactive systems. By applying and observing the theory,

principles, data and methods of ergonomics presented in the series, people's wellbeing is increased

and the overall system performance is optimized. Table 1 shows the structure of the ISO 9241 series

and the way in which the numbering system is used to group the documents according the aspects

of the interactive system that are being addressed. This document focuses on the description of the

standards which address software ergonomics issues. The majority of the documents form part of the

ISO 9241-1XX family of documents and are listed in Figure 1. Executive summaries for all the current

100 series parts are included in this document.

There are three further documents which are particularly relevant to the design of the software

aspects of interactive systems, while also applying to the overall design. ISO 9241-11 provides the

conceptual framework for addressing usability, while ISO 9241-210 and ISO 9241-220 provide guidance

on the design activities within an organization that form the basis of a human-centred approach to

designing interactive systems. Executive summaries for these parts are also included in this document.

Information on additional guidance beyond the ISO 9241-1XX family of documents is given in Annex A,

addressing topics such as accessibility, visual interfaces, audio interfaces and tactile interfaces.

Table 1 — Overview of ISO 9241 software ergonomic standards
Part Title Revised Pages Core Ref
of ISO
9241
100 Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 100: Overview 2022 19 13 –
of ISO 9241 software ergonomic standards
Hardware and software usability
11 Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 11: Usability: 2018 29 8 5.1
Definitions and concepts
13 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display 1998 32 13 5.2
terminals (VDTs) — Part 13: User guidance
14 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display 1997 57 20 5.3
terminals (VDTs) — Part 14: Menu dialogues
General guidance on software ergonomics
110 Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 110: 2020 43 20 5.4
Interaction principles
112 Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 112: Principles 2017 20 12 5.5
for the presentation of information
Input, output and interaction
125 Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 125: Guidance 2017 42 34 5.6
on visual presentation of information
126 Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 126: Guidance 2019 33 19 5.7
on the presentation of auditory information
129 Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 129: Guidance 2010 58 19 5.8
on software individualization
Performance support (currently no standards)
Interaction techniques
143 Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 143: Forms 2012 95 46 5.9
Topic specific guidance
Key
pages number of pages in main body of standard
core number of pages that comprise the core of the standard
ref. subclause where more detailed information is provided in this document
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TTabablele 1 1 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
Part Title Revised Pages Core Ref
of ISO
9241
154 Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 154: 2013 35 22 5.10
Interactive voice response (IVR) applications
Interface control components
161 Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 161: Guidance 2016 63 54 5.11
on visual user-interface elements
Cross-topic guidance on accessibility
171 Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 171: Guidance 2008 90 39 5.12
on software accessibility
Process related guidance for human-centred design
210 Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 210: 2019 33 15 5.13
Human-centred design for interactive systems

220 Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 220: Processes 2019 104 42 5.14

for enabling, executing and assessing human-centred design within
organizations
Key
pages number of pages in main body of standard
core number of pages that comprise the core of the standard
ref. subclause where more detailed information is provided in this document
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Figure 1 — The relationship between major sources of guidance for human-system interaction

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5 Executive summaries of ISO software ergonomic standards
5.1 ISO 9241-11:2018

Title Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 11: Usability: Definitions and concepts

Abstract This standard provides a framework for understanding the concept of usability and

applying it to situations where people use interactive systems, other types of systems

(including built environments), products (including industrial and consumer products)

and services (including technical and personal services).

The standard explains usability and its key components: effectiveness, efficiency and

satisfaction with definitions and examples. It also explains the context of use and its

key components: users, goals, tasks, resources and environments with definitions and

examples.
Sample 1 5.1 Concept of usability

Usability is the extent to which a system, product or service can be used by specified

users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a speci-

fied context of use.
Sample 2 6.2 Effectiveness

Effectiveness is the accuracy and completeness with which users achieve specified

goals.
Accuracy is the extent to which an actual outcome matches an intended outcome.

The basis for accuracy will depend on the specificity of the intended outcome(s). In some

cases, accuracy is based on whether or not the outcome is correct.
EXAMPLE 1 The user successfully recorded the intended TV programme on a personal
video recorder (PVR)
Causes of lack of accuracy can include ... use errors or difficulties.
EXAMPLE 2 A person selects a valid ticket from a train ticket machine but buys a
higher-class ticket than intended, not realizing the double fare (price).
Contents 29 pages. Includes:
— Table of contents (2 pages)
— Rationale and benefits of usability (1 page)
— Usability in a context of use (2 pages)

— Outcomes of use (definitions of effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction) (4 pages)

— Context of use (4 pages)
— Applying the concept of usability (2 pages)
— Annex A. Relationship of usability to other concepts (5 pages)
— Annex B. Usability measurement (3 pages)
— Bibliography (2 pages)

Relations The definitions in this standard are used throughout the ISO 9241 series and many

other ISO standards.

Keywords Definitions of basic usability concepts: usability, effectiveness, efficiency, satisfaction,

context of use, user, goal, task, resource, environment.
5.2 ISO 9241-13:1998

Title Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) — Part

13: User guidance
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Abstract This standard deals with user guidance aspects of software user interfaces.

User guidance is additional information beyond the regular user-computer dialogue that

is provided to the user on request or is automatically provided by the system.

The main purpose of user guidance is to aid the user’s interaction with the system by:

— promoting efficient system use;
— avoiding unnecessary mental workload;
— providing support to users to manage error situations;
— providing support for users at various skill levels.
The user guidance recommendations are presented in the following clauses:
— Common guidance recommendations (15 recommendations, 2 pages)
— Prompts (9 recommendations, 1 page)
— Feedback (9 recommendations, 1 page)
— Status information (6 recommendations, 1 page)
— Error management (23 recommendations, 3 pages)
— Error management (35 recommendations, 4 pages)
Sample The clause Error management consists of the following subclauses:
— Description
— Error prevention
— Error correction by the system
— Error management by the user
— Error messages
Three of the 10 recommendations provided for error messages are:

If brief error messages are displayed, users should be able to request more detailed online

information or should be referred to additional off-line information.

If an error has occurred in a sequence of operations invoked by a single user action, in-

formation should be made available about which system operations have already been

completed and which have not been completed.

Error messages should convey what is wrong, what corrective actions can be taken and

the cause of the error.

EXAMPLE An error has been detected in a logical unit of inputs, the cursor is positioned

in the data field or command word at the point of the first identified error to indicate the

location of the error. The system should provide an indication of the class of error as pre-

cisely as possible, for example “Error reading file (file name)”.
Contents 32 pages. Includes:
— Table of contents (1 page)
— User guidance recommendations; six clauses with 97 recommendations (13 pages)
— Annex A. Sample procedure for assessing applicability and adherence (13 pages)
— Annex B. Bibliography (3 pages)

Relations Further recommendations regarding aspects of user guidance can be found in ISO 9241-110.

Keywords User guidance, prompts, feedback, status information, error management, help, online help.

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5.3 ISO 9241-14:1997

Title Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) — Part 14:

Menu dialogues

Abstract This standard deals with the ergonomic design of menu dialogues. In menu dialogues, the

dialogue system presents one or more groups of options to the user, the user chooses one

or more options and the computer executes the desired process denoted by the option(s).

Recommendations are presented in the following clauses:
— Menu structure (13 recommendations, 3 pages)
— Menu navigation (10 recommendations, 2 pages)
— Option selection and execution (28 recommendations, 7 pages)
— Menu presentation (37 recommendations, 8 pages)
Sample The clause “Menu structure” is divided into the subclauses:
— Structuring into levels and menus
— Grouping options within a menu
— Sequencing of options within groups
Specific example from subclause 5.3, “Sequencing of options within groups”:

Options should be sequenced within an option group to facilitate option search and task

performance.

NOTE Except for consistency, it may be necessary to compare the relative appropriateness

of the sequencing approaches (i.e. perform “tradeoffs”) for the users and tasks for which

the menu system is intended.
5.3.1 Consistency

Options should be placed consistently in the same relative order within the option group.

EXAMPLE Options in a menu panel are ordered “file, edit, insert, print” and these options

appear in the same order when that group is presented again (or another panel containing

the same group of options is presented).

NOTE If users have the capability to reorder menu options, it is important that any new

option order selected by a user is preserved until the user makes another change or reverts

to the default order.
Contents 57 pages. Includes:
— Table of contents (2 pages)
— Recommendations; four clauses with 88 recommendations (20 pages)
— Annex A. Sample procedure for assessing applicability and adherence (19 pages)
— Annex B. Examples of applying ISO 9241-14 (2 pages)

— Annex C. Bibliography (10 pages, including cross-references to recommendations)

Relations Further recommendations regarding aspects of user guidance can be found in ISO 9241-110.

Keywords Menu, menu options, navigation
5.4 ISO 9241-110:201 9
Title Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 110: Interaction principles
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Abstract This standard deals with the ergonomic design of interactive systems. It describes seven

interaction principles which help prevent usability problems, such as insufficient and poor

information on the user interface and inefficient error recovery.

The interaction principles are generally independent of any specific interaction technique.

The principles are applicable in the analysis, design and evaluation of interactive systems.

The seven interaction principles are:
— Suitability for the user’s task (6 recommendations, 2 pages)
— Self-descriptiveness (8 recommendations, 2 pages)
— Conformity with user expectations (11 recommendations, 3 pages)
— Learnability (6 recommendations, 2 pages)
— Controllability (10 recommendations, 3 pages)
— Use error robustness (12 recommendations, 4 pages)
— User engagement (12 recommendations, 4 pages)

For each of the seven interaction principles, the standard provides recommendations.

The standard also provides two specific examples for each recommendation.
Sample Inter
...