SIST EN ISO 9241-960:2018
(Main)Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 960: Framework and guidance for gesture interactions (ISO 9241-960:2017)
Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 960: Framework and guidance for gesture interactions (ISO 9241-960:2017)
Selection or creation of the gestures to be used in a gesture interface is guided by this standard. It addresses the usability of gestures and provides information on the design of gestures, the process and relevant parameters. In addition, the standard provides guidance on how gestures should be documented. The standard is concerned with the gestures expressed by a human and is not concerned with the system response generated when users are performing these gestures.
Ergonomie der Mensch-System-Interaktion - Teil 960: Rahmen und Anleitung zur Gestensteuerung (ISO 9241-960:2017)
Ergonomie de l'interaction homme-système - Partie 960: Cadre et lignes directrices relatives aux interactions gestuelles (ISO 9241-960:2017)
ISO 9241-960:2017 fournit des lignes directrices pour la sélection ou la création des gestes devant être utilisés dans une interface gestuelle. Il traite de l'utilisabilité des gestes et fournit des informations sur leur conception, le processus de conception et les paramètres pertinents à prendre en compte. En outre, il fournit des lignes directrices relatives à la manière dont il convient de documenter les gestes. Le présent document concerne les gestes effectués par un humain et non la réponse du système générée lorsque les utilisateurs effectuent ces gestes.
NOTE 1 Des gestes spécifiques sont normalisés par l'ISO/IEC 14754 et la série de normes ISO/IEC 30113.
NOTE 2 Les dispositifs d'entrée tels que les tablettes ou les dispositifs de reconnaissance spatiale de gestes peuvent capturer des gestes en 2D ou 3D. Tous les gestes humains sont en 3D.
Ergonomija medsebojnega vpliva človek-sistem - 960. del: Okvir in navodila za interakcijo kretenj (ISO 9241-960:2017)
Ta standard podaja smernice za izbiro ali ustvarjanje kretenj, ki se uporabljajo za vmesnike z nadzorom s kretnjami. Obravnava uporabnost kretenj in zagotavlja informacije o oblikovanju kretenj, postopku ter ustreznih parametrih. Poleg tega ta standard podaja smernice o tem, kako je treba dokumentirati kretnje. Standard obravnava kretnje, ki jih izvede človek, in ne obravnava sistemskega odziva, do katerega pride, ko uporabniki izvajajo te kretnje.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 9241-960:2018
01-februar-2018
(UJRQRPLMDPHGVHERMQHJDYSOLYDþORYHNVLVWHP GHO 2NYLULQQDYRGLOD]D
LQWHUDNFLMRNUHWHQM ,62
Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 960: Framework and guidance for
gesture interactions (ISO 9241-960:2017)
Ergonomie der Mensch-System-Interaktion - Teil 960: Rahmen und Anleitung zur
Gestensteuerung (ISO 9241-960:2017)
Ergonomie de l'interaction homme-système - Partie 960: Cadre et lignes directrices
relatives aux interactions gestuelles (ISO 9241-960:2017)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 9241-960:2017
ICS:
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
35.180 Terminalska in druga IT Terminal and other
periferna oprema IT peripheral equipment
SIST EN ISO 9241-960:2018 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 9241-960:2018
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SIST EN ISO 9241-960:2018
EN ISO 9241-960
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
October 2017
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.180; 35.180
English Version
Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 960:
Framework and guidance for gesture interactions (ISO
9241-960:2017)
Ergonomie de l'interaction homme-système - Partie Ergonomie der Mensch-System-Interaktion - Teil 960:
960: Cadre et lignes directrices relatives aux Rahmen und Anleitung zur Gestensteuerung (ISO
interactions gestuelles (ISO 9241-960:2017) 9241-960:2017)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 July 2017.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 9241-960:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 9241-960:2018
EN ISO 9241-960:2017 (E)
Contents
European foreword . 3
2
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SIST EN ISO 9241-960:2018
EN ISO 9241-960:2017 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 9241-960:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159
“Ergonomics” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” the secretariat of
which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2018, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by April 2018.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 9241-960:2017 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 9241-960:2017 without any
modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 9241-960:2018
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SIST EN ISO 9241-960:2018
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 9241-960
First edition
2017-09
Ergonomics of human-system
interaction —
Part 960:
Framework and guidance for gesture
interactions
Ergonomie de l'interaction homme-système —
Partie 960: Cadre et lignes directrices relatives aux interactions
gestuelles
Reference number
ISO 9241-960:2017(E)
©
ISO 2017
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SIST EN ISO 9241-960:2018
ISO 9241-960:2017(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
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Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 9241-960:2018
ISO 9241-960:2017(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General . 2
4.1 Need for a standard on gesture usability . 2
4.2 Usage. 2
4.3 Intentional and unintentional gestures . 3
4.4 Matching gestures and functionality . 3
5 Ergonomics of gestures. 4
5.1 Ergonomic constraints and features . 4
5.2 Device capabilities . 4
5.3 Device constraints . 4
6 Guidance in defining gestures . 5
6.1 Process for gesture definition . 5
6.1.1 General. 5
6.1.2 Exploring the design space . 5
6.1.3 Identifying purposes . 6
6.1.4 Designing gestures and gesture commands . 7
6.1.5 Organizing gesture sets . 7
6.1.6 Evaluating gestures . 7
6.1.7 Iterating the gesture interface. 8
6.1.8 Documenting gestures . 8
6.1.9 Explaining gestures . 8
6.2 Features of gestures . 8
6.2.1 Mapping of gesture commands to functions . 8
6.2.2 Nested gestures . 8
6.2.3 Feedback for stroke gestures . 9
6.2.4 Continuous feedback for gesture commands . 9
6.2.5 Use of feedforward information for stroke gestures . 9
6.2.6 Parameters of gesture commands .10
6.3 Timing and speed .10
6.3.1 Recognition of a gesture at different speeds.10
6.3.2 Use of the speed of a gesture .10
6.4 Tolerance of gesture interface .10
6.5 Sequences of gestures .10
6.5.1 Beginning a gesture .10
6.5.2 Feedback on gesture initiation .10
6.5.3 Completing the purpose of a gesture .10
6.5.4 Feedback on gesture completion .10
6.5.5 The need for transition between gestures .11
6.5.6 The effect of transitions between gestures .11
6.5.7 Overlapping gestures .11
6.5.8 State changes . . .11
6.6 Gesture sets .11
6.6.1 General.11
6.6.2 Purpose of a set of gestures .11
6.6.3 Consistency among gestures .11
6.6.4 Discriminability of gestures .12
6.6.5 Subsets within a gesture set .12
6.6.6 Alternative subsets within a gesture set .12
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SIST EN ISO 9241-960:2018
ISO 9241-960:2017(E)
6.7 Documentation of gestures .12
6.7.1 Documentation .12
6.7.2 Naming a gesture .13
6.7.3 Visualization of gestures .13
6.7.4 Textual documentation of a gesture .13
6.7.5 Describing the purpose of the gesture .14
6.7.6 Documenting a gesture set .14
6.7.7 Documenting gestures with common movements .14
Annex A (informative) When to use applications of gestures and gesture commands .15
Annex B (informative) Taxonomies for documentation of gestures .21
Bibliography .23
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SIST EN ISO 9241-960:2018
ISO 9241-960:2017(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 4,
Ergonomics of human-system interaction.
A list of all parts in the ISO 9241 series can be found on the ISO website.
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved v
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SIST EN ISO 9241-960:2018
ISO 9241-960:2017(E)
Introduction
Tactile and haptic interactions are becoming increasingly important as candidate interaction modalities
in computer systems such as special purpose computing environments (e.g. tablets), wearable
technology (e.g. tactile arrays, instrumented gloves), and assistive technologies.
Tactile and haptic devices are being developed in university and industrial laboratories in many
countries. Both the developer and the prospective purchaser of such devices need a means of making
comparisons between competing devices and common design of interactions.
This document focuses on gestures and identification of gesture sets as a specific type of tactile/haptic
interaction. It explains how to describe their features, and what factors to take into account when
defining gestures.
ISO 9241-910 provides a common set of terms, definitions and descriptions of the various concepts
central to designing and using tactile/haptic interactions. It also provides an overview of the range of
tactile/haptic applications, objects, attributes, and interactions.
ISO 9241-920 provides basic guidance (including references to related standards) in the design of
tactile/haptic interactions.
ISO 9241-940 (under preparation) is to provide ways of evaluating tactile/haptic interactions for various
aspects of interaction quality (such as haptic device attributes, logical space design and usability).
vi © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 9241-960:2018
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9241-960:2017(E)
Ergonomics of human-system interaction —
Part 960:
Framework and guidance for gesture interactions
1 Scope
This document gives guidance on the selection or creation of the gestures to be used in a gesture
interface. It addresses the usability of gestures and provides information on their design, the design
process and relevant parameters that are to be considered. In addition, it provides guidance on how
gestures should be documented. This document is concerned with gestures expressed by a human and
not with the system response generated when users are performing these gestures.
NOTE 1 Specific gestures are standardized within ISO/IEC 14754 and the ISO/IEC 30113 series.
NOTE 2 Input devices such as tablets or spatial gesture recognition devices can capture gestures in 2D or 3D.
All human gestures are 3D.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 9241-910, Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 910: Framework for tactile and haptic
interaction
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 9241-910 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
feedforward gesture information
information provided by the gesture interface (3.4) to maintain consistency of a body part’s movement
with predicted single or multiple gesture trajectories
EXAMPLE A gesture might be visualized through inking the trajectory on the display. Several choices of
possible future trajectories can be inked, thereby helping the user to complete the gesture.
Note 1 to entry: Feedforward gestural information improves self-explanation of the gestural interface.
3.2
gesture
movement or posture, of the whole body or parts of the body
Note 1 to entry: Operation of a physical keyboard is not addressed in this document.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 30113-1, 3.1]
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved 1
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ISO 9241-960:2017(E)
3.3
gesture command
instruction to the system resulting from a gesture input by the user, e.g. select, move, delete
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 14574:1999, 4.5]
3.4
gesture interface
user interface that provides information and controls for a user to accomplish specific tasks with the
interactive system by his/her gestures (3.2)
[SOURCE: ISO 9241-171:2008, 3.29 — Modified]
3.5
gesture set
grouping of gestures and their mapping to gesture commands (3.3)
EXAMPLE The conductor of a virtual orchestra uses a gesture set for a music performance.
3.6
intentional gesture
movement of the body or parts of the body to achieve a purpose
3.7
stroke gesture
intentional gesture (3.6) consisting of a movement trajectory of any part of the body
Note 1 to entry: As with other gestures, the definition refers to the movement itself, rather than its effect.
Different gesture commands, including direct manipulation, could be defined for a stroke gesture.
Note 2 to entry: The gesture command is not dependent on the extent of the movement trajectory.
Note 3 to entry: Pressure can be used as a parameter of the gesture.
3.8
direct manipulation
dialogue technique by which the user has the impression of acting directly on objects on the screen; for
example by pointing at them, moving them and/or changing their physical characteristics (or values)
via the use of an input device
[SOURCE: ISO 9241-16:1999, 3.6]
4 General
4.1 Need for a standard on gesture usability
When pointing devices such as the mouse were developed in the 1960s, movement of the human hand
became part of interactive systems. It took until the mid-1980s for the mouse to become standard in the
office context. With the advent of multi-touch displays and 3D cameras, gestures appear to be a highly
usable alternative to a tiny keyboard on a mobile device. The wide use of gestural interfaces makes it
important to consider their usability.
4.2 Usage
Gestures may accompany language in order to strengthen what has been said. Such gestures are
described in linguistics as “deixis” (pronounced “dīk-sis” or “dāk-sis”). The term “deixis” refers to
words such as in “Put that there” which require contextual information provided by pointing in order
to be fully understood. Gestures may convey their own meaning inherent to the actual movement of
some body part and independent of some tangible physical object such as a pen or mouse. When using
a pointing device while gesturing, the information and communication technology (ICT) system often
2 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 9241-960:2018
ISO 9241-960:2017(E)
restricts the movements because of limitations in the ability of the movement-tracking device. Gestures,
like language, are culture-specific and misunderstandings may arise from inappropriate use of them.
4.3 Intentional and unintentional gestures
In designing gesture sets, emphasis is often placed on adopting gestures that are intentional or
unintentional with respect to the system. A typical example of an intentional gesture is pointing at
an object in order to select it, or waving your hand in front of a door to open it. Unintentional gestures
in this context are gestures made for some other purpose (e.g. walking towards an automatic door,
sitting down in the driver seat of a car), or gestures made subconsciously (e.g. body language). Such
unintentional learnable gestures are particularly suited to general situations where the user might not
be trained, when the user must learn the system quickly, or when the user must use the system under
conditions of stress (e.g. time pressure).
Intentionality in gestures could also enable increased discriminability between them, thereby reducing
inadvertent activation. For example, when it is desired not to activate an automatic door, many people
stand still and avoid gesturing in front of the doors, knowing they are prone to open unintentionally.
4.4 Matching gestures and functionality
A gesture is the result of the user’s intention to create a message for a recipient or computer while
mapping it to the movement of the body or parts of the body, typically the upper limbs. Figure 1
illustrates variations of the intention applicable when gestures are expressed to an ICT system. The
user on the left is interacting with a gesture interface on the right, using a selection of gestures from
a gesture set. The user has an intention to transmit, and can make use of posture and movement.
His choice of gestures may be intentional, or unintentional, depending on the situation. The gesture
interface could provide feedback on the system's interpretation of the gesture, or even feedforward
information to aid the user in completing the gesture (see 6.2 for further guidance on gesture features).
There is a continuum between interpreting gestures when controlling physical artefacts, such as
directly manipulating a slider, and interpreting a gesture as some abstract symbol. Another continuum
of mappings exists between matching gesture sets with the functionality of an interactive system
overall and its context of use.
Identification of unintentional gestures is often avoided by requiring the user to signal the start and
end of a gesture explicitly through some technical approach such as touching/releasing a screen with
the fingers. All such touches will be interpreted as intentional gestures.
Mappings should take existing manual operations such as handwriting into account. Simple handwriting
might be applicable to gestural interpretation but, typically, handwritten language is far more complex
than a gesture vocabulary.
The matching process is applicable to user-centred design principles and, therefore, evaluation
methods can be applied. ISO 9241-940 provides guidelines on how to evaluate gestures to be used with
tactile/haptic devices. Some user groups can have special needs. In addressing them, a special set of
gestures might be required, or completely different input alternatives might be needed.
EXAMPLE 1 A multi-touch gestur
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 9241-960:2015
01-oktober-2015
(UJRQRPLMDPHGVHERMQHJDYSOLYDþORYHNVLVWHP GHO 2NYLULQQDYRGLOD]D
LQWHUDNFLMRNUHWHQM ,62',6
Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 960: Framework and guidance for
gesture interactions (ISO/DIS 9241-960:2015)
Ergonomie der Mensch-System-Interaktion - Teil 960: Rahmen und Anleitung zur
Gestensteuerung (ISO/DIS 9241-960:2015)
Ergonomie de l'interaction homme-système - Partie 960: Cadre et lignes directrices
relatives aux interactions gestuelles (ISO/DIS 9241-960:2015)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 9241-960
ICS:
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
35.180 Terminalska in druga IT Terminal and other
periferna oprema IT peripheral equipment
oSIST prEN ISO 9241-960:2015 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO 9241-960:2015
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oSIST prEN ISO 9241-960:2015
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 9241-960
ISO/TC 159/SC 4 Secretariat: BSI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2015-08-06 2015-11-06
Ergonomics of human-system interaction —
Part 960:
Framework and guidance for gesture interactions
Ergonomie de l’interaction homme-système —
Partie 960: Cadre et lignes directrices relatives aux interactions gestuelles
ICS: 13.180; 35.180
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
This draft has been developed within the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO), and processed under the ISO lead mode of collaboration
as defined in the Vienna Agreement.
This draft is hereby submitted to the ISO member bodies and to the CEN member
bodies for a parallel five month enquiry.
Should this draft be accepted, a final draft, established on the basis of comments
received, will be submitted to a parallel two-month approval vote in ISO and
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
formal vote in CEN.
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
committee secretariat. ISO Central Secretariat work of editing and text
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
composition will be undertaken at publication stage.
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 9241-960:2015(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2015
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oSIST prEN ISO 9241-960:2015
ISO/DIS 9241-960:2015(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2015
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
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oSIST prEN ISO 9241-960:2015
ISO/DIS 9241-960
Contents Page
ISO TC 159/SC 4 Nxxx . Error! Bookmark not defined.
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ISO TC 159/SC 4/WG 9 N0166 . Error! Bookmark not defined.
Foreword . v
Introduction . vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Terms and definitions . 1
3 General introduction . 2
3.1 Need for a standard on gesture usability . 2
3.2 Usage . 2
3.3 Intentional and unintentional gestures . 2
3.4 Matching gestures and functionality . 2
4 Ergonomics of gestures . 4
4.1 Ergonomic constraints and features . 4
4.2 Device capabilities . 4
4.3 Device constraints . 4
5 Guidance in defining gestures . 4
5.1 Process for gesture definition . 4
5.1.1 Introduction . 4
5.1.2 Exploring the design space . 5
5.1.3 Identifying purposes . 6
5.1.4 Designing gestures and gesture commands. 6
5.1.5 Organizing gesture sets . 7
5.1.6 Evaluating gestures . 7
5.1.7 Iterating the gesture interface . 7
5.1.8 Documenting gestures . 7
5.1.9 Explaining gestures . 7
5.1.10 Training users in gestures. 7
5.2 Features of gestures . 7
5.2.1 Mapping of gesture commands to functions. 7
5.2.2 Nested gestures . 8
5.2.3 Feedback for stroke gestures . 8
5.2.4 Continuous feedback for gesture commands . 8
5.2.5 Use of feedforward information for stroke gestures . 8
5.2.6 Parameters of gesture commands . 9
5.3 Timing and speed . 9
5.3.1 Recognition of a gesture at different speeds . 9
5.3.2 Use of the speed of a gesture . 9
5.4 Tolerance of gesture interface . 9
5.5 Sequences of gestures . 9
5.5.1 Beginning a gesture . 9
5.5.2 Feedback on gesture initiation . 9
5.5.3 Completing the purpose of a gesture . 10
5.5.4 Feedback on gesture completion . 10
5.5.5 The need for transition between gestures . 10
5.5.6 The effect of transitions between gestures . 10
5.5.7 Overlapping gestures . 10
5.5.8 State changes . 10
5.6 Gesture sets . 10
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved iii
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oSIST prEN ISO 9241-960:2015
ISO/DIS 9241-960
5.6.1 Introduction . 10
5.6.2 Purpose of a set of gestures . 10
5.6.3 Consistency among gestures . 11
5.6.4 Discriminability of gestures . 11
5.6.5 Subsets within a gesture set . 11
5.6.6 Alternative subsets within a gesture set . 11
5.7 Documentation of gestures . 11
5.7.1 Documentation . 11
5.7.2 Naming a gesture . 12
5.7.3 Visualisation of gestures . 12
5.7.4 Textual documentation of a gesture . 12
5.7.5 Describing the purpose of the gesture . 13
5.7.6 Documenting a gesture set . 13
5.7.7 Documenting gestures with common movements . 13
Annex A . 14
A.1 Gestures in art and creativity . 14
A.1.1 General . 14
A.1.2 Acting . 14
A.1.3 Music . 14
A.1.4 Painting . 14
A.2 Gestures in gaming . 14
A.2.1 2D gesture commands . 14
A.2.2 3-D Gesture commands . 15
A.2.3 Training gesture commands . 15
A.3 Gestures in mobile devices . 15
A.3.1 The mobile environment . 15
A.3.2 Attention/cognitive load . 16
A.3.3 Visual interference . 16
A.3.4 Noise . 16
A.3.5 Shaking or vibrations . 16
A.3.6 Limitations to the ability to manipulate . 16
A.3.7 Factors influencing the ability to touch the device . 16
A.4 Gestures in accessibility and by the elderly . 16
A.4.1 General . 16
A.4.2 People who are deaf . 16
A.4.3 People who are deaf-blind . 17
A.4.4 People who are blind . 17
A.4.5 People with a physical disability . 17
A.5 Gestures in robotic control . 17
A.5.1 General . 17
A.5.2 Telepresence . 17
A.6 Gestures in smart home environments . 18
A.6.1 General . 18
A.6.2 Smart TVs . 18
A.6.3 Smart security devices . 18
A.6.4 Interaction with ubiquitous computing . 18
A.7 Gestures in medical devices . 18
A.7.1 General . 18
A.7.2 Contactless gesture avoid contamination . 19
A.7.3 Endoscopy instrumentation . 19
A.8 Gestures in automobiles . 19
A.8.1 Improving safety while driving . 19
A.8.2 Remote access . 19
B.1 General . 20
B.1.1 Single and multiple movements . 20
B.1.2 Gesture interfaces . 20
B.1.3 Taxonomy from user-defined gestures . 21
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oSIST prEN ISO 9241-960:2015
ISO/DIS 9241-960
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 9241-960 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 4,
Ergonomics of human-computer interaction.
ISO 9241 consists of the following parts, under the general title Ergonomic requirements for office work with
visual display terminals (VDTs):
Part 1: General introduction
Part 2: Guidance on task requirements
Part 3: Visual display requirements
Part 4: Keyboard requirements
Part 5: Workstation layout and postural requirements
Part 6: Guidance on the work environment
Part 7: Requirements for display with reflections
Part 8: Requirements for displayed colours
Part 9: Requirements for non-keyboard input devices
Part 11: Guidance on usability
Part 12: Presentation of information
Part 13: User guidance
Part 14: Menu dialogues
Part 15: Command dialogues
Part 16: Direct manipulation dialogues
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Part 17: Form filling dialogues
ISO 9241 also consists of the following parts, under the general title Ergonomics of human-system interaction:
Part 20: Accessibility guidelines for information/communication technology (ICT) equipment and services
Part 110: Dialogue principles
Part 151: Guidance on World Wide Web user interfaces
Part 171: Guidance on software accessibility
Part 300: Introduction to requirements and measurement techniques for electronic visual displays
Part 302: Terminology for electronic visual displays
Part 303: Requirements for electronic visual displays
Part 304: User performance test methods
Part 305: Optical laboratory test methods for electronic visual displays
Part 306: Field assessment methods for electronic visual displays
Part 307: Analysis and compliance test methods for electronic visual displays
Part 309 (TR): Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays
Part 310 (TR): Visibility, aesthetics and ergonomics of pixel defects
Part 400: Principles and requirements for physical input devices
Part 410: Design criteria for products for physical input devices
Part 910: Framework for tactile and haptic interaction
Part 920: Guidance on haptic and tactile interactions
The following parts, under the general title Ergonomics of human-system interaction, are under preparation:
Part 308: Surface-conduction electron-emitter displays (SED) [Technical Report]
Part 411: Laboratory test and evaluation methods for the design of physical input devices
Part 420: Selection procedures for physical input devices
Part 421: Workplace test and evaluation methods for physical input devices
Part 940: Evaluation of tactile and haptic interactions
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Introduction
Tactile and haptic interactions are becoming increasingly important as candidate interaction modalities in
computer systems such as special purpose computing environments (e.g. tablets), wearable technology (e.g.
tactile arrays, instrumented gloves), and assistive technologies.
Tactile and haptic devices are being developed in university and industrial laboratories in many countries.
Both the developer and the prospective purchaser of such devices need a means of making comparisons
between competing devices and common design of interactions.
This standard, ISO 9241-960, focuses on gestures and identification of gesture sets as a specific type of
tactile/haptic interaction. It explains how to describe their features, and what factors to take into account when
defining gestures.
ISO 9241-910 provides a common set of terms, definitions, and descriptions of the various concepts central to
designing and using tactile/haptic interactions. It also provides an overview of the range of tactile/haptic
applications, objects, attributes, and interactions.
ISO 9241-920 provides basic guidance (including references to related standards) in the design of
tactile/haptic interactions.
ISO 9241-940 is under preparation and provides ways of evaluating tactile/haptic interactions for various
aspects of interaction quality (such as haptic device attributes, logical space design and usability).
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oSIST prEN ISO 9241-960:2015
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 9241-960
Ergonomics of human-computer interaction — Part 960:
Gestures in tactile and haptic interactions
1 Scope
Selection or creation of the gestures to be used in a gesture interface is guided by this standard. It addresses
the usability of gestures and provides information on their design - the design process and relevant
parameters that should be considered. In addition, the standard provides guidance on how gestures should be
documented. The standard is concerned with gestures expressed by a human and is not concerned with the
system response generated when users are performing these gestures.
NOTE 1 Specific gestures are standardized within ISO/IEC 14754 and the ISO/IEC 30113 series.
NOTE 2 Input devices such as tablets or spatial gesture recognition devices can capture gestures in 2D or 3D. All
human gestures are 3D.
2 Terms and definitions
Definitions of ISO 9241-910, “Ergonomics of human-system interactions – Framework for tactile and haptic
interactions”, apply. For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions also apply:
2.1
feedforward gesture information
information provided by the gesture interface to maintain consistency of a body part’s movement with
predicted single or multiple gesture trajectories
NOTE Feedforward gestural information improves self-explanation of the gestural interface.
EXAMPLE A gesture might be visualized through inking the trajectory on the display. Several choices of possible
future trajectories can be inked, thereby helping the user to complete the gesture.
2.2
gesture
movement or posture, of the whole body or parts of the body
NOTE Operation of a physical keyboard is not addressed in this document
[ISO/IEC 30113-1, 3.1]
2.3
gesture command
instruction to the system resulting from a gesture input by the user, e.g. Select, Move, Delete
[ISO/IEC 14574:1999, 4.5]
2.4
gesture interface
user interface that provides information and controls for a user to accomplish specific tasks with the interactive
system by his/her gestures
NOTE Adapted from ISO 9241-171: definition 3.29.
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2.5
gesture set
grouping of gestures and their mapping to gesture commands
EXAMPLE The conductor of a virtual orchestra uses a gesture set for a music performance.
2.6
intentional gesture
movement of the body or parts of the body to achieve a purpose
2.7
stroke gesture
gesture consisting of a movement trajectory of one or more fingers with or without holding a pointing device,
including single or multiple touches of a surface
3 General introduction
3.1 Need for a standard on gesture usability
When pointing devices such as the mouse were developed in the 1960s, movement of the human hand
became part of interactive systems. It took until the mid-1980s for the mouse to become standard in the office
context. With the advent of multi-touch displays and 3D cameras, gestures appear to be a highly usable
alternative to a tiny keyboard on a mobile device. The ubiquity of gestural interfaces makes it important to
consider their usability.
3.2 Usage
Gestures may accompany language in order to strengthen what has been said. Such gestures are described
in linguistics as "deixis" (pronounced "dīk-sis" or "dāk-sis"). The term "deixis" refers to words such as in "Put
that there" which require contextual information provided by pointing in order to be fully understood. Gestures
may convey their own meaning inherent to the actual movement of some body part and independent of some
tangible physical object such as a pen or mouse. When using a pointing device while gesturing, the
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) system often restricts the movements according to the
ability of the device to detect movements. Gestures, like language, are culture-specific and misunderstandings
may arise from inappropriate use of them.
3.3 Intentional and unintentional gestures
In designing gesture sets, emphasis is often placed
...
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