ASTM C331/C331M-14
(Specification)Standard Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Masonry Units
Standard Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Masonry Units
ABSTRACT
This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in concrete masonry units when a prime consideration is to reduce the density of the units. Three general types of lightweight aggregates are covered by this specification: aggregates prepared by expanding, palletizing, or sintering products such as blast-furnace slag, clay, diatomite, fly ash, shale, or slate; aggregates prepared by processing natural materials such as pumice, scoria, or tuff; and aggregates consisting of end products of coal or coke combustion. The aggregates shall be composed predominately of lightweight-cellular and granular inorganic material. The aggregates shall not contain excessive amounts of deleterious substances, as determined by organic impurities, staining, and loss on ignition tests. Lightweight aggregate under test shall meet requirements for clay lumps and friable particles, uniformity of grading, loose bulk density, uniformity of loose bulk density, popouts, resistance to freezing and thawing, and drying shrinkage.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in concrete masonry units when a prime consideration is to reduce the density of the units.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.Note 1—Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.
1.3 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
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Designation:C331/C331M −14
Standard Specification for
1
Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Masonry Units
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C331/C331M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* C157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened
Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates in-
C641 Test Method for Iron Staining Materials in Light-
tended for use in concrete masonry units when a prime
weight Concrete Aggregates
consideration is to reduce the density of the units.
C702 PracticeforReducingSamplesofAggregatetoTesting
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Size
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
C1262 Test Method for Evaluating the Freeze-Thaw Dura-
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
bility of Dry-Cast Segmental Retaining Wall Units and
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
Related Concrete Units
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.
Sieves
NOTE 1—Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Speci-
fication E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for
3. Aggregate Types
information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.
3.1 Three general types of lightweight aggregates are cov-
1.3 The text of this specification references notes and
ered by this specification, as follows:
footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and
3.1.1 Aggregates prepared by expanding, pelletizing, or
footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
sintering products such as blast-furnace slag, clay, diatomite,
considered as requirements of the standard.
fly ash, shale, or slate, and
3.1.2 Aggregates prepared by processing natural materials,
2. Referenced Documents
such as pumice, scoria, or tuff, and
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.3 Aggregates consisting of end products of coal or coke
C29/C29M Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”)
combustion.
and Voids in Aggregate
3.2 The aggregates shall be composed predominately of
C40 Test Method for Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregates
lightweight-cellular and granular inorganic material.
for Concrete
C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic
4. Chemical Composition
Cement
4.1 Lightweight aggregates shall not contain excessive
C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
amounts of deleterious substances, as determined by the
Aggregates
following limits:
C142 Test Method for Clay Lumps and Friable Particles in
4.1.1 Organic Impurities (Test Method C40)—Lightweight
Aggregates
aggregates subjected to the test for organic impurities that
C151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic
produce a color darker than the standard shall be rejected,
Cement
unless it is demonstrated that the discoloration is due to small
quantities of materials not harmful to the concrete.
4.1.2 Staining (Test Method C641)—An aggregate produc-
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
ing a stain index of 60 or higher shall be rejected when the
Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
deposited stain is found upon chemical analysis to contain an
C09.21 on Lightweight Aggregates and Concrete.
iron content, expressed as Fe O equal to or greater than 1.5
2 3
Current edition approved April 15, 2014. Published May 2014. Originally
mg/200 g of sample.
approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C331 – 10. DOI:
10.1520/C0331_C0331M-14.
4.1.3 Loss on Ignition (Test Methods C114)—Loss on igni-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
tion of aggregates, consisting of end products of coal or coke
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
combustion, shall not exceed 12 %. Loss on ignition of other
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. aggregates shall not exceed 5 %.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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C331/C331M−14
NOTE 2—Some aggregates may contain carbonates or water of hydra- notlimitedtothefollowing:cement
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C331/C331M − 10 C331/C331M − 14
Standard Specification for
1
Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Masonry Units
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C331/C331M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in concrete masonry units when a prime consideration is
to reduce the density of the units.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents
are not used in practice.
NOTE 1—Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information
only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.
1.3 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C29/C29M Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate
C40 Test Method for Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregates for Concrete
C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement
C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
C142 Test Method for Clay Lumps and Friable Particles in Aggregates
C151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic Cement
C157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
C641 Test Method for Iron Staining Materials in Lightweight Concrete Aggregates
C702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size
C1262 Test Method for Evaluating the Freeze-Thaw Durability of Dry-Cast Segmental Retaining Wall Units and Related
Concrete Units
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
3. Aggregate Types
3.1 Three general types of lightweight aggregates are covered by this specification, as follows:
3.1.1 Aggregates prepared by expanding, pelletizing, or sintering products such as blast-furnace slag, clay, diatomite, fly ash,
shale, or slate, and
3.1.2 Aggregates prepared by processing natural materials, such as pumice, scoria, or tuff, and
3.1.3 Aggregates consisting of end products of coal or coke combustion.
3.2 The aggregates shall be composed predominately of lightweight-cellular and granular inorganic material.
4. Chemical Composition
4.1 Lightweight aggregates shall not contain excessive amounts of deleterious substances, as determined by the following
limits:
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.21 on
Lightweight Aggregates and Concrete.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2010April 15, 2014. Published January 2011May 2014. Originally approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 20052010 as
C331–05.–10. DOI: 10.1520/C0331_C0331M-10.10.1520/C0331_C0331M-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C331/C331M − 14
4.1.1 Organic Impurities (Test Method C40)—Lightweight aggregates subjected to the test for organic impurities that produce
a color darker than the standard shall be rejected, unless it is demonstrated that the discoloration is due to small quantities of
materials not harmful to the concrete.
4.1.2 Staining (Test Method C641)—An aggregate producing a stain index of 60 or higher shall be rejected when the deposited
stain is found upon chemical analysis to contain an iron content, expressed as Fe O equal to or g
...
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