B09.05 - Structural Parts

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The surface roughness of PM parts is an important characteristic in relation to factors such as their load-bearing, wear, sealing, sliding, adhesion, electrical contact, and lubricant retention properties.  
3.2 Surface roughness may also be critical for component assembly or system performance. Dimensional fit and mating surface interaction may require certain surface roughness requirements to meet performance specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover measuring the surface roughness of powder metallurgy (PM) products at all stages of manufacturing from green compact to fully hardened finished component.  
1.2 These test methods provide the definition and schematic of some common surface roughness parameters (Ra, Rt, and RzISO)  
1.3 This standard specifies two different standardized procedures for measuring the surface roughness of PM parts.  
1.3.1 Method 1 uses a conical stylus and a Gaussian filter.  
1.3.2 Method 2 uses a chisel (knife) edge stylus.  
1.3.3 Each test method results in a different measure of surface roughness and the results are not directly comparable.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The engineering function of many PM parts may require an exterior portion of the part to have a hardened layer. Where case hardening produces a distinct transition in the microstructure, metallographic estimation of the observed case depth may be used to check the depth to which the surface has been hardened.
SCOPE
1.1 A metallographic method is described for estimating the observed case depth of ferrous powder metallurgy (PM) parts. This method may be used for all types of hardened cases where there is a discernible difference between the microstructure of the hardened surface and that of the interior of the part.  
1.2 With the exception of the values for grit size for which the U.S. standard designation is the industry standard, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers sintered aluminium structural parts made primarily from aluminum powders to which controlled amounts of master alloys or elemental copper, magnesium, and silicon have been added by blending. Structural parts shall be made by molding and sintering metal powders to produce finished parts conforming to the requirements of this specification. Chemical composition of copper, magnesium, and silicon content, as well as the density of the material shall conform to the requirements specified. Tests for the determination of the mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength, tensile yield strength, elongation and apparent Rockwell hardness of the material shall be performed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers aluminum powder metallurgy structural parts made using admixed materials.  
1.2 This specification covers a material designation code that includes the chemical composition of the material, its guaranteed minimum 0.2 % offset yield strength or ultimate tensile strength, and the temper condition of the material.  
1.3 Units—With the exception of density values for which the g/cm3 unit is the industry standard, property values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. Values in SI units result from conversion, are only for information, and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The engineering function of many PM parts may require an exterior portion of the part to have a specified case depth and microindentation hardness. Measurement of effective case depth is used to determine the depth to which the microindentation hardness of the exterior portion of a part has been increased over that of the interior of the part.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determination of the effective case depth of powder metallurgy (PM) parts.  
1.2 A microindentation hardness traverse procedure is described to determine effective case depth. This test method may be used to determine the effective case depth for all types of hardened cases.  
1.3 The procedure for determining the microindentation hardness of powder metallurgy materials, as described in Test Method B933, shall be followed.  
1.4 Units—With the exception of the unit for density, for which the grams per cubic centimeter unit is the long-standing industry practice, the values in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The ability of sintered powder metallurgy stainless steel parts/specimens to resist corrosion when immersed in sodium chloride solution is important to their end use. Causes of unacceptable corrosion may be incorrect alloy, contamination of the parts by iron or some other corrosion-promoting material or improper sintering of the parts (for example, undesirable carbide and nitride formations caused by poor lubricant burnoff or improper sintering atmosphere).  
5.2 This standard may be part of a purchase agreement between the PM parts producer and the purchaser of the parts (Method 1). It may also be used to optimize part or specimen production parameters (Method 2).
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover a procedure for evaluating the ability of sintered PM stainless steel parts/specimens to resist corrosion when immersed in a sodium chloride (NaCl) solution.  
1.2 Corrosion resistance is evaluated by one of two methods. In Method 1, the stainless steel parts/specimens are examined periodically and the time to the first appearance of staining or rust is used to indicate the end point. In Method 2, continued exposure to the sodium chloride solution is used to monitor the extent of corrosion as a function of time.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Microindentation hardness testing provides a measure of the hardness of the microstructural constituents of a porous material. It indicates the hardness the material would have if there were no pores present and the material was tested using macroindentation hardness methods. Loads are limited to a maximum of 200 gf to reduce the likelihood of interference from the porosity.  
5.2 Microindentation hardness tests allow the evaluation of specific phases, microstructural constituents, and regions or gradients too small for macroindentation hardness testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the microindentation hardness of powder metallurgy (PM) materials. The test method differs from the approach used for pore-free materials in terms of the precautions required to deal with the porosity.  
1.2 This procedure covers tests made with the Knoop or Vickers indenters under loads in the range from 1 to 200 gf.  
1.3 Automated testing is not generally suitable for use with porous PM materials, because acceptable indentations require avoiding placing indentations in the immediate vicinity of a pore, a condition not guaranteed with automated placement of the indentations. Any automated testing shall allow for review of indentations post-test to reject any distorted or unusually large indentations in accordance with 9.4.  
1.4 A method for converting the directly measured indentation lengths to other hardness scales, for example, HRC is described in Appendix X1.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used to measure the strength of sintered, including post-treated, specimens. Transverse rupture strength is not a design value. For many sintered materials, transverse rupture strength is approximately twice the ultimate tensile strength.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the transverse rupture strength of sintered, including post-treated, powder metallurgy test specimens by subjecting them to a uniformly increasing transverse force under controlled conditions. The term “transverse rupture strength” as used herein, defines the stress, calculated from the flexure formula required to break a specimen as a simple beam supported near the ends and applying the force midway between the fixed line center of the supports.  
1.2 Limitations—The transverse rupture test is only applicable to relatively brittle materials. In cases where a ductile specimen is being tested and the permanent deflection as a result of testing exceeds 0.02 in. (0.5 mm), the test results may be questionable.  
1.3 Test Method B406 should be consulted for determining the transverse rupture strength of cemented carbides.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The performance and quality of steam-treated materials depends upon the surface cleanliness of the material prior to steam treatment and the adequacy of the processing. Steam treatment can be used as a decorative coating, producing a blue-gray to a blue-black appearance. It can reduce the susceptibility of ferrous PM materials to further oxidation and corrosion, thus providing better shelf life. More significantly, improvements in apparent hardness, compressive strength, wear characteristics, and some mechanical properties (see Appendix X1) can be observed due to steam treatment. The hardness of magnetite (Fe3O4) formed during steam treatment is typically equivalent to 50 HRC, and when present in sintered materials, their wear resistance can be improved significantly. Steam treatment is also used to seal parts or provide a base material for additional coatings. Steam treated ferrous PM materials are used in many industries, including automotive, marine, home appliances, and lawn and garden applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended as an aid in establishing and maintaining a procedure for the steam treatment, also referred to as steam blackening, of sintered ferrous PM materials and the appropriate use and evaluation of these materials. Additional information concerning the effect of this process on ferrous PM material properties is contained in Appendix X1.  
1.2 Units—With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the longstanding industry practice, the values in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a variety of copper base powder metallurgy (PM) structural materials, including those used in applications where high electrical conductivity is required. It includes a classification system, or material designation code. With the classification system, this specification includes chemical composition and minimum tensile yield strength.  
Note 1: Paragraphs 6.1 and 8.1 govern material classification by the designation code. The classification system is explained in the Appendix.
Note 2: Materials classified as C-0000 are expected to be used in applications where high electrical conductivity is required.  
1.2 Units—With the exception of density values, for which the gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm3) unit is the industry standard, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a variety of ferrous powder metallurgy structural materials and includes a classification system or material designation code. The classification system includes chemical composition, minimum offset yield strength for as-sintered materials, minimum ultimate tensile strength for heat-treated materials (sinter hardened or quenched and tempered), minimum density, and maximum coercive field strength requirements for iron-phosphorus materials. Structural parts shall be made by pressing and sintering metal powders with or without subsequent heat treatment. Parts may also be made by repressing or repressing and resintering sintered parts, if necessary, with or without subsequent heat treatment to produce finished parts conforming to the requirements of this specification. The material shall conform to the chemical composition requirements for iron, copper, carbon, nickel, molybdenum, chromium, manganese, silicon, sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen, columbium, and oxygen. The material shall be subjected to chemical analysis and mechanical tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a variety of ferrous PM structural materials and includes a classification system or material designation code. The classification system used in this specification includes chemical composition, minimum tensile; 0.2 % offset yield strength for as-sintered materials; and minimum ultimate tensile strength for heat-treated materials (sinter hardened or quenched and tempered). It also contains minimum density and maximum coercive field strength requirements for iron-phosphorus materials.  
1.2 Material classification is governed by the designation code which is explained in Appendix X1. The data provided display typical mechanical properties achieved under commercial manufacturing procedures. Physical and mechanical property performance characteristics can change as a result of subsequent processing steps beyond the steps designated in this standard.  
1.3 With the exception of density values for which the g/cm3 unit is the industry standard, property values stated in inch-pound units are the standard. Values in SI units result from conversion. They may be approximate and are only for information.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used to measure the strength of sintered, including post-treated, specimens. Transverse rupture strength is not a design value. For many sintered materials, transverse rupture strength is approximately twice the ultimate tensile strength.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the transverse rupture strength of sintered, including post-treated, powder metallurgy test specimens by subjecting them to a uniformly increasing transverse force under controlled conditions. The term “transverse rupture strength” as used herein, defines the stress, calculated from the flexure formula required to break a specimen as a simple beam supported near the ends and applying the force midway between the fixed line center of the supports.  
1.2 Limitations—The transverse rupture test is only applicable to relatively brittle materials. In cases where a ductile specimen is being tested and the permanent deflection as a result of testing exceeds 0.02 in. (0.5 mm), the test results may be questionable.  
1.3 Test Method B406 should be consulted for determining the transverse rupture strength of cemented carbides.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The performance and quality of steam-treated materials depends upon the surface cleanliness of the material prior to steam treatment and the adequacy of the processing. Steam treatment can be used as a decorative coating, producing a blue-gray to a blue-black appearance. It can reduce the susceptibility of ferrous PM materials to further oxidation and corrosion, thus providing better shelf life. More significantly, improvements in apparent hardness, compressive strength, wear characteristics, and some mechanical properties (see Appendix X1) can be observed due to steam treatment. The hardness of magnetite (Fe3O4) formed during steam treatment is typically equivalent to 50 HRC, and when present in sintered materials, their wear resistance can be improved significantly. Steam treatment is also used to seal parts or provide a base material for additional coatings. Steam treated ferrous PM materials are used in many industries, including automotive, marine, home appliances and lawn and garden applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended as an aid in establishing and maintaining a procedure for the steam treatment, also referred to as steam blackening, of sintered ferrous PM materials and the appropriate use and evaluation of these materials. Additional information concerning the effect of this process on ferrous PM material properties is contained in Appendix X1.  
1.2 With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the longstanding industry practice, the values in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers sintered aluminium structural parts made primarily from aluminum powders to which controlled amounts of master alloys or elemental copper, magnesium, and silicon have been added by blending. Structural parts shall be made by molding and sintering metal powders to produce finished parts conforming to the requirements of this specification. Chemical composition of copper, magnesium, and silicon content, as well as the density of the material shall conform to the requirements specified. Tests for the determination of the mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength, tensile yield strength, elongation and apparent Rockwell hardness of the material shall be performed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers sintered aluminum structural parts made primarily from aluminum powders to which controlled amounts of master alloys or elemental copper, magnesium, and silicon have been added by mixing.  
1.2 This specification covers the following variables:  
1.2.1 Composition—Depending upon levels of copper, magnesium, and silicon content, two grades, and  
1.2.2 Density—Type.  
1.3 Parts ordered to this specification will be in one of the following conditions:  
1.3.1 As-sintered,  
1.3.2 As-repressed for additional density, or  
1.3.3 All other conditions plus heat treated.  
1.4 With the exception of the values for density, for which the use of the gram per cubic centimeter unit is long-standing industry practice, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The ability of sintered powder metallurgy stainless steel parts/specimens to resist corrosion when immersed in sodium chloride solution is important to their end use. Causes of unacceptable corrosion may be incorrect alloy, contamination of the parts by iron or some other corrosion-promoting material or improper sintering of the parts (for example, undesirable carbide and nitride formations caused by poor lubricant burnoff or improper sintering atmosphere).  
5.2 This standard may be part of a purchase agreement between the PM parts producer (seller) and the user of the parts (purchaser) (Method 1). It may also be used to optimize part or specimen production parameters (Method 2).
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover a procedure for evaluating the ability of sintered PM stainless steel parts/specimens to resist corrosion when immersed in a sodium chloride (NaCl) solution.  
1.2 Corrosion resistance is evaluated by one of two methods. In Method 1, the stainless steel parts/specimens are examined periodically and the time to the first appearance of staining or rust is used to indicate the end point. In Method 2, continued exposure to the sodium chloride solution is used to monitor the extent of corrosion as a function of time.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The surface finish of a component may be critical for certain applications, affecting properties such as wear resistance, fatigue strength, and coefficient of friction.  
3.2 Surface finish may also be critical for component assembly or system performance. Dimensional fit and mating surface interaction may require certain surface finish requirements to meet performance specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measuring the surface finish of powder metallurgy (PM) products at all stages of manufacturing from green compact to fully hardened finished component.  
1.2 This test method provides the definition and schematic of some common surface finish parameters (Ra, Rt, and RzISO)  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Microindentation hardness testing provides a measure of the hardness of the microstructural constituents of a porous material. It indicates the hardness the material would have if there were no pores present and the material was tested using macroindentation hardness methods. Loads are limited to a maximum of 200 gf to reduce the likelihood of interference from the porosity.  
5.2 Microindentation hardness tests allow the evaluation of specific phases, microstructural constituents, and regions or gradients too small for macroindentation hardness testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the microindentation hardness of powder metallurgy (PM) materials. The test method differs from the approach used for pore-free materials in terms of the precautions required to deal with the porosity.  
1.2 This procedure covers tests made with the Knoop or Vickers indenters under loads in the range from 1 to 200 gf.  
1.3 Automated testing is not generally suitable for use with porous PM materials, because acceptable indentations require avoiding placing indentations in the immediate vicinity of a pore, a condition not guaranteed with automated placement of the indentations. Any automated testing shall allow for review of indentations post-test to reject any distorted or unusually large indentations in accordance with 9.4.  
1.4 A method for converting the directly measured indentation lengths to other hardness scales, for example, HRC is described in Appendix X1.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a variety of copper base powder metallurgy (PM) structural materials, including those used in applications where high electrical conductivity is required. It includes a classification system, or material designation code. With the classification system, this specification includes chemical composition and minimum tensile yield strength.  
Note 1: Paragraphs 6.1 and 8.1 govern material classification by the designation code. The classification system is explained in the Appendix.
Note 2: Materials classified as C-0000 are expected to be used in applications where high electrical conductivity is required.  
1.2 With the exception of density values, for which the cubic centimetre (g/cm3) unit is the industry standard, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. Values in SI units result from conversion. They may be approximate and are for information only.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The ability of sintered powder metallurgy stainless steel parts/specimens to resist corrosion when immersed in sodium chloride solution is important to their end use. Causes of unacceptable corrosion may be incorrect alloy, contamination of the parts by iron or some other corrosion-promoting material or improper sintering of the parts (for example, undesirable carbide and nitride formations caused by poor lubricant burnoff or improper sintering atmosphere).  
5.2 This standard may be part of a purchase agreement between the PM parts producer (seller) and the user of the parts (purchaser) (Method 1). It may also be used to optimize part or specimen production parameters (Method 2).
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover a procedure for evaluating the ability of sintered PM stainless steel parts/specimens to resist corrosion when immersed in a sodium chloride (NaCl) solution.  
1.2 Corrosion resistance is evaluated by one of two methods. In Method 1, the stainless steel parts/specimens are examined periodically and the time to the first appearance of staining or rust is used to indicate the end point. In Method 2, continued exposure to the sodium chloride solution is used to monitor the extent of corrosion as a function of time.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The engineering function of many PM parts may require an exterior portion of the part to have a specified case depth and microindentation hardness. Measurement of effective case depth is used to determine the depth to which the microindentation hardness of the exterior portion of a part has been increased over that of the interior of the part.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determination of the effective case depth of powder metallurgy (PM) parts.  
1.2 A microindentation hardness traverse procedure is described to determine effective case depth. This test method may be used to determine the effective case depth for all types of hardened cases.  
1.3 The procedure for determining the microindentation hardness of powder metallurgy materials, as described in Test Method B933, shall be followed.  
1.4 With the exception of the unit for density, for which the grams per cubic centimeter unit is the long-standing industry practice, the values in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The engineering function of many PM parts may require an exterior portion of the part to have a hardened layer. Where case hardening produces a distinct transition in the microstructure, metallographic estimation of the observed case depth may be used to check the depth to which the surface has been hardened.
SCOPE
1.1 A metallographic method is described for estimating the observed case depth of ferrous powder metallurgy (PM) parts. This method may be used for all types of hardened cases where there is a discernible difference between the microstructure of the hardened surface and that of the interior of the part.  
1.2 With the exception of the values for grit size for which the U.S. standard designation is the industry standard, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The engineering function of many PM parts may require an exterior portion of the part to have a hardened layer. Where case hardening produces a distinct transition in the microstructure, metallographic estimation of the observed case depth may be used to check the depth to which the surface has been hardened.
SCOPE
1.1 A metallographic method is described for estimating the observed case depth of ferrous powder metallurgy (PM) parts. This method may be used for all types of hardened cases where there is a discernible difference between the microstructure of the hardened surface and that of the interior of the part.  
1.2 With the exception of the values for grit size for which the U.S. standard designation is the industry standard, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Microindentation hardness testing provides a measure of the hardness of the microstructural constituents of a porous material. It indicates the hardness the material would have if there were no pores present and the material was tested using macroindentation hardness methods.  
5.2 Microindentation hardness tests allow the evaluation of specific phases, microstructural constituents, and regions or gradients too small for macroindentation hardness testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the microindentation hardness of powder metallurgy (PM) materials. The test method differs from the approach used for pore-free materials in terms of the precautions required to deal with the porosity.  
1.2 A method for converting the directly measured indentation lengths to other hardness scales, for example, HRC is described in Appendix X1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a variety of ferrous powder metallurgy structural materials and includes a classification system or material designation code. The classification system includes chemical composition, minimum offset yield strength for as-sintered materials, minimum ultimate tensile strength for heat-treated materials (sinter hardened or quenched and tempered), minimum density, and maximum coercive field strength requirements for iron-phosphorus materials. Structural parts shall be made by pressing and sintering metal powders with or without subsequent heat treatment. Parts may also be made by repressing or repressing and resintering sintered parts, if necessary, with or without subsequent heat treatment to produce finished parts conforming to the requirements of this specification. The material shall conform to the chemical composition requirements for iron, copper, carbon, nickel, molybdenum, chromium, manganese, silicon, sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen, columbium, and oxygen. The material shall be subjected to chemical analysis and mechanical tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a variety of ferrous PM structural materials and includes a classification system or material designation code. The classification system used in this specification includes chemical composition, minimum tensile; 0.2 % offset yield strength for as-sintered materials and minimum ultimate tensile strength for heat-treated materials (sinter hardened or quenched and tempered). It also contains minimum density and maximum coercive field strength requirements for iron-phosphorus materials.  
1.2 Material classification is governed by the designation code which is explained in Appendix X1. The data provided display typical mechanical properties achieved under commercial manufacturing procedures. Physical and mechanical property performance characteristics can change as a result of subsequent processing steps beyond the steps designated in this standard.  
1.3 With the exception of density values for which the g/cm3 unit is the industry standard, property values stated in inch-pound units are the standard. Values in SI units result from conversion. They may be approximate and are only for information.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used to measure the strength of sintered, including post-treated, specimens. Transverse rupture strength is not a design value. For many sintered materials, transverse rupture strength is approximately twice the ultimate tensile strength.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the transverse rupture strength of sintered, including post-treated, powder metallurgy test specimens by subjecting them to a uniformly increasing transverse force under controlled conditions. The term “transverse rupture strength” as used herein, defines the stress, calculated from the flexure formula required to break a specimen as a simple beam supported near the ends and applying the force midway between the fixed line center of the supports.  
1.2 Limitations—The transverse rupture test is only applicable to relatively brittle materials. In cases where a ductile specimen is being tested and the permanent deflection as a result of testing exceeds 0.020 in. (0.50 mm), the test results may be questionable.  
1.3 Test Method B406 should be consulted for determining the transverse rupture strength of cemented carbides.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The surface finish of a component may be critical for certain applications, affecting properties such as wear resistance, fatigue strength, and coefficient of friction.
Surface finish may also be critical for component assembly or system performance. Dimensional fit and mating surface interaction may require certain surface finish requirements to meet performance specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measuring the surface finish of powder metallurgy (PM) products at all stages of manufacturing from green compact to fully hardened finished component.
1.2 This test method provides the definition and schematic of some common surface finish parameters (Ra, Rt, and Rz ISO)
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers sintered aluminium structural parts made primarily from aluminum powders to which controlled amounts of master alloys or elemental copper, magnesium, and silicon have been added by blending. Structural parts shall be made by molding and sintering metal powders to produce finished parts conforming to the requirements of this specification. Chemical composition of copper, magnesium, and silicon content, as well as the density of the material shall conform to the requirements specified. Tests for the determination of the mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength, tensile yield strength, elongation and apparent Rockwell hardness of the material shall be performed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers sintered aluminum structural parts made primarily from aluminum powders to which controlled amounts of master alloys or elemental copper, magnesium, and silicon have been added by mixing.
1.2 This specification covers the following variables:
1.2.1 Composition—Depending upon levels of copper, magnesium, and silicon content, two grades, and
1.2.2 Density—Type.
1.3 Parts ordered to this specification will be in one of the following conditions:
1.3.1 As-sintered,
1.3.2 As-repressed for additional density, or
1.3.3 All other conditions plus heat treated.
1.4 With the exception of the values for density, for which the use of the gram per cubic centimeter unit is long-standing industry practice, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The engineering function of many PM parts may require an exterior portion of the part to have a specified case depth and microindentation hardness. Measurement of effective case depth is used to determine the depth to which the microindentation hardness of the exterior portion of a part has been increased over that of the interior of the part.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determination of the effective case depth of powder metallurgy (PM) parts.
1.2 A microindentation hardness traverse procedure is described to determine effective case depth. This test method may be used to determine the effective case depth for all types of hardened cases.
1.3 The procedure for determining the microindentation hardness of powder metallurgy materials, as described in Test Method B933 shall be followed.
1.4 With the exception of the unit for density, for which the grams per cubic centimeter unit is the long-standing industry practice, the values in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The surface finish of a component may be critical for certain applications, affecting properties such as wear resistance, fatigue strength, and coefficient of friction.
Surface finish may also be critical for component assembly or system performance. Dimensional fit and mating surface interaction may require certain surface finish requirements to meet performance specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measuring the surface finish of powder metallurgy (PM) products at all stages of manufacturing from green compact to fully hardened finished component.
1.2 This test method provides the definition and schematic of some common surface finish parameters (Ra, Rt, and Rz ISO)
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to measure the strength of sintered, including post-treated, specimens. Transverse rupture strength is not a design value. For many sintered materials, transverse rupture strength is approximately twice the ultimate tensile strength.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the transverse rupture strength of sintered, including post-treated, powder metallurgy test specimens by subjecting them to a uniformly increasing transverse force under controlled conditions. The term “transverse rupture strength” as used herein, defines the stress, calculated from the flexure formula required to break a specimen as a simple beam supported near the ends and applying the force midway between the fixed line center of the supports.
1.2 Limitations— The transverse rupture test is only applicable to relatively brittle materials. In cases where a ductile specimen is being tested and the permanent deflection as a result of testing exceeds 0.020 in. (0.50 mm), the test results may be questionable.
1.3 Test Method B406 should be consulted for determining the transverse rupture strength of cemented carbides.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The ability of sintered powder metallurgy stainless steel parts/specimens to resist corrosion when immersed in sodium chloride solution is important to their end use. Causes of unacceptable corrosion may be incorrect alloy, contamination of the parts by iron or some other corrosion-promoting material or improper sintering of the parts (for example, undesirable carbide and nitride formations caused by poor lubricant burnoff or improper sintering atmosphere).
This standard may be part of a purchase agreement between the PM parts producer (seller) and the user of the parts (purchaser) (Method 1). It may also be used to optimize part or specimen production parameters (Method 2).
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover a procedure for evaluating the ability of sintered PM stainless steel parts/specimens to resist corrosion when immersed in a sodium chloride (NaCl) solution.
1.2 Corrosion resistance is evaluated by one of two methods. In Method 1, the stainless steel parts/specimens are examined periodically and the time to the first appearance of staining or rust is used to indicate the end point. In Method 2, continued exposure to the sodium chloride solution is used to monitor the extent of corrosion as a function of time.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a variety of ferrous powder metallurgy structural materials and includes a classification system or material designation code. The classification system includes chemical composition, minimum offset yield strength for as-sintered materials, minimum ultimate tensile strength for heat-treated materials (sinter hardened or quenched and tempered), minimum density, and maximum coercive field strength requirements for iron-phosphorus materials. Structural parts shall be made by pressing and sintering metal powders with or without subsequent heat treatment. Parts may also be made by repressing or repressing and resintering sintered parts, if necessary, with or without subsequent heat treatment to produce finished parts conforming to the requirements of this specification. The material shall conform to the chemical composition requirements for iron, copper, carbon, nickel, molybdenum, chromium, manganese, silicon, sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen, columbium, and oxygen. The material shall be subjected to chemical analysis and mechanical tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a variety of ferrous PM structural materials and includes a classification system or material designation code. The classification system used in this specification includes chemical composition, minimum tensile; 0.2 % offset yield strength for as-sintered materials and minimum ultimate tensile strength for heat-treated materials (sinter hardened or quenched and tempered). It also contains minimum density and maximum coercive field strength requirements for iron-phosphorus materials.
1.2 Material classification is governed by the designation code which is explained in Appendix X1. The data provided display typical mechanical properties achieved under commercial manufacturing procedures. Physical and mechanical property performance characteristics can change as a result of subsequent processing steps beyond the steps designated in this standard.
1.3 With the exception of density values for which the g/cm3 unit is the industry standard, property values stated in inch-pound units are the standard. Values in SI units result from conversion in accordance with . They may be approximate and are only for information.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The performance and quality of steam-treated materials depends upon the surface cleanliness of the material prior to steam treatment and the adequacy of the processing. Steam treatment can be used as a decorative coating, producing a blue-gray to a blue-black appearance. It can reduce the susceptibility of ferrous PM materials to further oxidation and corrosion, thus providing better shelf life. More significantly, improvements in apparent hardness, compressive strength, wear characteristics, and some mechanical properties (see Appendix X1) can be observed due to steam treatment. The hardness of magnetite (Fe3O4) formed during steam treatment is typically equivalent to 50 HRC, and when present in sintered materials, their wear resistance can be improved significantly. Steam treatment is also used to seal parts or provide a base material for additional coatings. Steam treated ferrous PM materials are used in many industries, including automotive, marine, home appliances and lawn and garden applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended as an aid in establishing and maintaining a procedure for the steam treatment, also referred to as steam blackening, of sintered ferrous PM materials and the appropriate use and evaluation of these materials. Additional information concerning the effect of this process on ferrous PM material properties is contained in Appendix X1.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a variety of copper base powder metallurgy (PM) structural materials, including those used in applications where high electrical conductivity is required. It includes a classification system, or material designation code. With the classification system, this specification includes chemical composition and minimum tensile yield strength.  
Note 1—Paragraphs 6.1 and 8.1 govern material classification by the designation code. The classification system is explained in the Appendix.  
Note 2—Materials classified as C-0000 are expected to be used in applications where high electrical conductivity is required.  
1.2 With the exception of density values, for which the g/cm3 unit is the industry standard, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The stated SI values are converted in accordance with IEEE/ASTM SI 10 and are for information only.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Microindentation hardness testing provides a measure of the hardness of the microstructural constituents of a porous material. It indicates the hardness the material would have if there were no pores present and the material was tested using macroindentation hardness methods.
Microindentation hardness tests allow the evaluation of specific phases, microstructural constituents, and regions or gradients too small for macroindentation hardness testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the microindentation hardness of powder metallurgy (PM) materials. The test method differs from the approach used for pore-free materials in terms of the precautions required to deal with the porosity.
1.2 A method for converting the directly measured indentation lengths to other hardness scales, for example, HRC is described in Appendix X1.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The surface finish of a component may be critical for certain applications, affecting properties such as wear resistance, fatigue strength, and coefficient of friction.
Surface finish may also be critical for component assembly or system performance. Dimensional fit and mating surface interaction may require certain surface finish requirements to meet performance specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measuring the surface finish of powder metallurgy (P/M) products at all stages of manufacturing from green compact to fully hardened finished component.
1.2 This test method provides the definition and schematic of some common surface finish parameters (Ra, Rt, and Rz ISO)
1.3 &inch-pound-units;
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers sintered aluminium structural parts made primarily from aluminum powders to which controlled amounts of master alloys or elemental copper, magnesium, and silicon have been added by blending. Structural parts shall be made by molding and sintering metal powders to produce finished parts conforming to the requirements of this specification. Chemical composition of copper, magnesium, and silicon content, as well as the density of the material shall conform to the requirements specified. Tests for the determination of the mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength, tensile yield strength, elongation and apparent Rockwell hardness of the material shall be performed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers sintered aluminum structural parts made primarily from aluminum powders to which controlled amounts of master alloys or elemental copper, magnesium, and silicon have been added by blending.
1.2 This specification covers the following variables:
1.2.1 Composition— Depending upon levels of copper, magnesium, and silicon content, two grades, and
1.2.2 Density—Type.
1.3 Parts ordered to this specification will be in one of the following conditions:
1.3.1 As-sintered,
1.3.2 As-repressed for additional density, or
1.3.3 All other conditions plus heat treated.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to measure the strength of sintered, including post-treated, specimens. Transverse rupture strength is not a design value. For many sintered materials, transverse rupture strength is approximately twice the ultimate tensile strength.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the transverse rupture strength of sintered, including post-treated, metal powder test specimens by subjecting them to a uniformly increasing transverse force under controlled conditions. The term "transverse rupture strength" as used herein, defines the stress, calculated from the flexure formula required to break a specimen as a simple beam supported near the ends and applying the force midway between the fixed line center of the supports.
1.2 Limitations The transverse rupture test is only applicable to relatively brittle materials. In cases where a ductile specimen is being tested and the permanent deflection as a result of testing exceeds 0.020 in. (0.50 mm), the test results may be questionable.
1.3 Test Method B 406 should be consulted for determining the transverse rupture strength of cemented carbides.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI values are provided for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The performance and quality of steam-treated materials depends upon the surface cleanliness of the material prior to steam treatment and the adequacy of the processing. Steam treatment can be used as a decorative coating, producing a blue-gray to a blue-black appearance. It can reduce the susceptibility of ferrous P/M materials to further oxidation and corrosion, thus providing better shelf life. More significantly, improvements in apparent hardness, compressive strength, wear characteristics, and some mechanical properties (see Appendix X1) can be observed due to steam treatment. The hardness of magnetite (Fe3O4) formed during steam treatment is typically equivalent to 50 HRC, and when present in sintered materials, their wear resistance can be improved significantly. Steam treatment is also used to seal parts or provide a base material for additional coatings. Steam treated ferrous P/M materials are used in many industries, including automotive, marine, home appliances and lawn and garden applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended as an aid in establishing and maintaining a procedure for the steam treatment, also referred to as steam blackening, of sintered ferrous P/M materials and the appropriate use and evaluation of these materials. Additional information concerning the effect of this process on ferrous P/M material properties is contained in Appendix X1.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The ability of sintered powder metallurgy stainless steel parts/specimens to resist corrosion when immersed in sodium chloride solution is important to their end use. Causes of unacceptable corrosion may be incorrect alloy, contamination of the parts by iron or some other corrosion-promoting material or improper sintering of the parts (for example, undesirable carbide and nitride formations caused by poor lubricant burnoff or improper sintering atmosphere).
This standard may be part of a purchase agreement between the P/M parts producer (seller) and the user of the parts (purchaser) (Method 1). It may also be used to optimize part or specimen production parameters (Method 2).
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover a procedure for evaluating the ability of sintered P/M stainless steel parts/specimens to resist corrosion when immersed in a sodium chloride (NaCl) solution.
1.2 Corrosion resistance is evaluated by one of two methods. In Method 1, the stainless steel parts/specimens are examined periodically and the time to the first appearance of staining or rust is used to indicate the end point. In Method 2, continued exposure to the sodium chloride solution is used to monitor the extent of corrosion as a function of time.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The engineering function of many P/M parts may require an exterior portion of the part to have a specified case depth and microindentation hardness. Measurement of effective case depth is used to determine the depth to which the microindentation hardness of the exterior portion of a part has been increased over that of the interior of the part.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determination of the effective case depth of powder metallurgy (P/M) parts.
1.2 A microindentation hardness traverse procedure is described to determine effective case depth. This test method may be used to determine the effective case depth for all types of hardened cases.
1.3 The procedure for determining the microindentation hardness of powder metallurgy materials, as described in Test Method B 933 shall be followed.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a variety of ferrous powder metallurgy structural materials and includes a classification system or material designation code. The classification system includes chemical composition, minimum offset yield strength for as-sintered materials, minimum ultimate tensile strength for heat-treated materials (sinter hardened or quenched and tempered), minimum density, and maximum coercive field strength requirements for iron-phosphorus materials. Structural parts shall be made by pressing and sintering metal powders with or without subsequent heat treatment. Parts may also be made by repressing or repressing and resintering sintered parts, if necessary, with or without subsequent heat treatment to produce finished parts conforming to the requirements of this specification. The material shall conform to the chemical composition requirements for iron, copper, carbon, nickel, molybdenum, chromium, manganese, silicon, sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen, columbium, and oxygen. The material shall be subjected to chemical analysis and mechanical tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a variety of ferrous P/M structural materials and includes a classification system or material designation code. The classification system used in this specification includes chemical composition, minimum tensile; 0.2 % offset yield strength for as-sintered materials and minimum ultimate tensile strength for heat-treated materials (sinter hardened or quenched and tempered). It also contains minimum density and maximum coercive field strength requirements for iron-phosphorus materials. Material classification is governed by the designation code which is explained in Appendix X1. The data provided display typical mechanical properties achieved under commercial manufacturing procedures. Physical and mechanical property performance characteristics can change as a result of subsequent processing steps beyond those designated in this standard. These changes could improve or degrade the properties.
1.2 Property values stated in inch-pound units are the standard. Conversion factors to SI units may be approximate.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determination of the effective case depth of powder metallurgy (P/M) parts.
1.2 A microindentation hardness traverse procedure is described to determine effective case depth. This test method may be used to determine the effective case depth for all types of hardened cases.
1.3 The procedure for determining the microindentation hardness of powder metallurgy materials, as described in Test Method B 933 shall be followed.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Microindentation hardness testing provides a measure of the hardness of the microstructural constituents of a porous material. It indicates the hardness the material would have if there were no pores present and the material was tested using macroindentation hardness methods.
Microindentation hardness tests allow the evaluation of specific phases, microstructural constituents, and regions or gradients too small for macroindentation hardness testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the microindentation hardness of powder metallurgy (P/M) materials. The test method differs from the approach used for pore-free materials in terms of the precautions required to deal with the porosity.
1.2 A method for converting the directly measured indentation lengths to other hardness scales, for example, HRC is described in Appendix X1.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The engineering function of many PM parts may require an exterior portion of the part to have a hardened layer. Where case hardening produces a distinct transition in the microstructure, metallographic estimation of the observed case depth may be used to check the depth to which the surface has been hardened.
SCOPE
1.1 A metallographic method is described for estimating the observed case depth of ferrous powder metallurgy (PM) parts. This method may be used for all types of hardened cases where there is a discernible difference between the microstructure of the hardened surface and that of the interior of the part.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The engineering function of many P/M parts may require an exterior portion of the part to have a hardened layer. Where case hardening produces a distinct transition in the microstructure, metallographic estimation of the observed case depth may be used to check the depth to which the surface has been hardened.
SCOPE
1.1 A metallographic method is described for estimating the observed case depth of ferrous powder metallurgy (P/M) parts. This method may be used for all types of hardened cases where there is a discernible difference between the microstructure of the hardened surface and that of the interior of the part.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a variety of nonferrous powder metallurgy (P/M) structural materials and includes a classification system, or material designation code. With the classification system, this specification includes chemical composition and minimum tensile yield strength.
1.2 The property values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
Note 1--Paragraphs 6.1 and 8.1 govern material classification by the designation code. The classification system is explained in the Appendix.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a variety of nonferrous powder metallurgy (P/M) structural materials and includes a classification system, or material designation code. With the classification system, this specification includes chemical composition and minimum tensile yield strength.
1.2 The property values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
Note 1--Paragraphs 6.1 and 8.1 govern material classification by the designation code. The classification system is explained in the Appendix.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a variety of ferrous P/M structural materials and includes a classification system or material designation code. With the classification system, this specification includes chemical composition, minimum tensile yield strength for parts in the as-sintered condition, and minimum ultimate tensile strength for materials in the heat-treated condition.
1.2 Property values stated in inch-pound units are the standard. Conversion factors to SI units may be approximate.  Note 1-Paragraphs 5.1 and 7.1 will govern material classification by the designation code. The classification system is explained in Appendix X1.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the transverse rupture strength of sintered metal powder test specimens by subjecting them to a uniformly increasing transverse loading under controlled conditions. The term "transverse rupture strength," as used herein, defines the stress, calculated from the flexure formula, required to break a specimen as a simple beam supported near the ends and applying the force midway between the fixed line center of the supports. By varying the composition and preparation of specimens, actual production conditions can be closely simulated.  
1.2 The following special tests should be consulted for the specified materials: Test Method B378 and Test Method B406.

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover a procedure for evaluating the ability of sintered P/M stainless steel parts/specimens to resist corrosion when immersed in a sodium chloride (NaCl) solution.
1.2 Corrosion resistance is evaluated by one of two methods. In Method 1, the stainless steel parts/specimens are examined periodically and the time to the first appearance of staining or rust is used to indicate the end point. In Method 2, continued exposure to the sodium chloride solution is used to monitor the extent of corrosion as a function of time.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.