D16.13 - Chlorine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method was developed for the determination of nitrogen trichloride in samples of carbon tetrachloride liquid taken from the compressor suction chiller bottoms of chlorine production plants and other places in the plants that may collect and concentrate nitrogen trichloride to levels that could explode. The test method was then modified to measure the lower levels of nitrogen trichloride observed in product liquid chlorine. This test method is sensitive enough to measure the levels of nitrogen trichloride observed in the normal production of liquid chlorine.  
4.2 This test method for nitrogen trichloride will require the dilution (100:1) of highly concentrated in-process samples to bring them within the working range of the analysis.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method uses high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine nitrogen trichloride levels in liquid chlorine at the 0.1 μg/g (ppm) to 600 μg/g (ppm) range. Solvent samples from chlorine production facilities containing very high concentrations of nitrogen trichloride may be analyzed by dilution with methanol.  
1.2 Review the current safety data sheet (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, and safety precautions.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 The following applies for the purposes of determining the conformance of the test results using this test method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method was developed for the determination of bromine chloride in liquid chlorine. Bromide is a common contaminant in all salt sources that are used in the production of chlorine. This bromide content of the salt is converted into bromine chloride in the liquid chlorine product. This test method is sensitive enough to measure the levels of bromine chloride observed in normal production chlorine.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method uses high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine bromine chloride levels in liquid chlorine at the 10 μg/g (ppm) to 1400 μg/g (ppm) range.  
1.2 Review the current safety data sheet (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, and safety precautions.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 The following applies for the purposes of determining the conformance of the test results using this test method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 CCl4 and CHCl3 may be present in trace amounts in liquid chlorine. The use of chlorine to purify water would then transfer these compounds to the water. Therefore, when the concentrations of the CCl4 and CHCl3 in the liquid chlorine are known, the maximum amounts contributed to the water by the chlorine can be estimated.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is designed for the determination of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and chloroform (CHCl3) in liquid chlorine. The lower limit of detection is dependent on the sample size and the instrument used; five ppm (w/w) is achievable.  
1.2 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 7 and in 9.2.3.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers industrial grade chlorine normally available as a liquid in pressurized metal containers. Liquid chlorine shall conform to the following requirements: gaseous impurities content, moisture content, and nonvolatile material content.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers industrial grade chlorine normally available as a liquid in pressurized metal containers.  
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this specification: for purposes of determining conformance with this specification, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 Review the current Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, handling and safety precautions.  
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods listed in Sections 3 and 4. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers technical-grade calcium hypochlorite in granular form. Sampled specimens shall be tested and conform accordingly to chemical and physical requirements such as available chlorides, moisture content, and particle sizes through a U.S. 14 and U.S. 100 mesh.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers technical-grade calcium hypochlorite in granular form.  
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this specification: for purposes of determining conformance with this specification, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 Review the current Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, handling and safety precautions.  
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods listed in Sections 3 – 5. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Sodium chloride occurs in nature. It is a necessary article of diet as well as the source for production of many sodium compounds and chlorine. The methods listed in 1.2 provide procedures for analyzing sodium chloride to determine if it is suitable for its intended use.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analyses usually required for sodium chloride.  
1.2 The analytical procedures appear in the following sections:    
Section  
Sample Preparation  
5 to 9  
Moisture  
10 to 17  
Water Insolubles  
18 to 26  
Calcium and Magnesium  
27 to 34  
Sulfate  
35 to 42  
Reporting of Analyses  
43 to 45  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 Review the current safety data sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first-aid procedures, handling, and safety precautions.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Calcium chloride is available in various forms and purities. A major use is the de-icing and dust control of roads. It is also used in the coal industry for dustproofing and freezeproofing, in foods, in electrolytic cells, and in refrigeration brines. The test methods listed in 1.2 provide procedures for analyzing calcium chloride to determine if it is suitable for its intended use.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the analysis of calcium chloride and solutions.  
1.2 Procedures are given for the determination of calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, and calcium hydroxide. The test methods appear in the following order:    
Sections  
Calcium Chloride  
8 to 17  
Magnesium Chloride, Potassium Chloride,
and Sodium Chloride  
18 to 28  
Calcium Hydroxide  
29 to 36  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 Review the current Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, handling, and safety precautions.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 5.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Low levels of bromine contaminant in chlorine cause problems in some industrial uses. This test method may be used to determine bromine in liquid or gaseous chlorine at levels as low as 4 ug/kg.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bromine in liquid chlorine and in gaseous chlorine with a lower limit of detection of 4 ug/kg by weight.  
1.2 Review the current Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first-aid procedures, handling, and safety precautions.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method was developed primarily for the determination of traces of mercury in chlorine produced by the mercury-cell process.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 covers the determination of mercury in liquid chlorine with a lower limit of detection of 0.1 μg/L.  
1.2 Review the current Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first-aid procedures, and safety precautions.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Sections 7, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, and Note 2.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Trace amounts of water may be detrimental to the use of chlorine in some applications. The amount of water in the chlorine must be known to prevent problems during its use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is designed for the on-line determination of the content of water in liquid chlorine in the concentration range of 0.5 to 15 mg/kg (ppm).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 Review the current Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, and safety precautions.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 7 and Note 3.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides for the determination of moisture and residue in liquid chlorine. The concentration levels of these impurities are important factors in many commercial uses of liquid chlorine.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of moisture and residue in liquid chlorine. Lower limits of detection of 10 μg/g based on a 150-mL sample are achievable.  
1.2 This test method describes operations and special apparatus for sampling liquid chlorine from cylinders. Sampling other commercial facilities such as tank cars, barges, and storage tanks require special techniques of manipulation in filling sample cylinders for testing. If conditions and facilities are favorable, the analysis apparatus may be connected directly to these larger storage and transportation units and on-the-spot tests may be completed.  
1.3 The analytical methods are empirical and are gravimetric. They are applicable to the determination of the residue and moisture content of commercial grades of liquid chlorine (condensed gaseous product).  
1.4 Residue is defined as being those substances which remain in the sample flask after sample volatilization under the conditions of the test. Moisture is defined as the volatile substances evolved during volatilization and purging of the sample-residue flask and absorbed on the desiccant contained in the absorption tubes under the conditions of the test. Some of the volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons may also be evolved from the sample residue flask during purge and absorbed, thus contributing to the apparent moisture analysis value.  
1.5 This test method may be used for determining the moisture content only of gaseous chlorine if suitable and appropriate modifications are made for sample measurement and calculation.  
1.6 Review the current Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, and safety precautions.  
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 7.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 It is very difficult to exclude sample contamination by ambient air during the process of sampling. The levels of atmospheric contamination caused by poor sampling methods are often equal to or larger than the levels of the gaseous impurities present in the chlorine. This results in markedly elevated levels of detected impurities. As specifications become tighter, it becomes more important to measure the gaseous impurity levels in liquid chlorine correctly.  
4.2 Additional problems are experienced in the sampling of liquefied gases for the gaseous impurities. The gaseous impurities reach an equilibrium between the liquid phase and vapor phase in a sample bomb. The quantity of gases measured in any particular sample containing both liquid and vapor will be a function of the amount of vapor space in the sample bomb. This test method avoids the presence of liquid in the sample bomb.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers sampling and analysis of liquid chlorine for the determination of oxygen (200 to 400 μg/g), nitrogen (400 to 800 μg/g), and carbon dioxide (800 to 1000 ppm) content at levels normally seen in liquid chlorine. Hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentrations in liquid chlorine are typically at or below the detection limit of this test method.  
Note 1: The minimum detection limit of hydrogen using a 1 cm3 gas sample and argon carrier gas is 100 to 200 μg/g.2 The detection limit for the other components is significantly lower.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Review the current Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, and safety precautions.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 7.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Trace amounts of water may be detrimental to the use of chlorine in some applications. The amount of water in the chlorine must be known to prevent problems during its use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the content of water in liquid chlorine in the concentration range of 0.5 to 15 mg/kg (ppm).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 Review the current Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, and safety precautions.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 7 for specific hazards statements.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 CCl4 and CHCl3 may be present in trace amounts in liquid chlorine. The use of chlorine to purify water would then transfer these compounds to the water. Therefore, when the concentrations of the CCl4 and CHCl3 in the liquid chlorine are known, the maximum amounts contributed to the water by the chlorine can be estimated.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is designed for the determination of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and chloroform (CHCl3) in liquid chlorine. The lower limit of detection is dependent on the sample size and the instrument used; five ppm (w/w) is achievable.  
1.2 Review the current Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, and safety precautions.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 7 and in 9.2.3.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers industrial grade chlorine normally available as a liquid in pressurized metal containers. Liquid chlorine shall conform to the following requirements: gaseous impurities content, moisture content, and nonvolatile material content.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers industrial grade chlorine normally available as a liquid in pressurized metal containers.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 Review the current Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, handling and safety precautions.  
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods listed in Sections 3 and 4. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers technical-grade calcium hypochlorite in granular form. Sampled specimens shall be tested and conform accordingly to chemical and physical requirements such as available chlorides, moisture content, and particle sizes through a U.S. 14 and U.S. 100 mesh.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers technical-grade calcium hypochlorite in granular form.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 Review the current Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, handling and safety precautions.  
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods listed in Sections 3 – 5. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method was developed for the determination of bromine chloride in liquid chlorine. Bromide is a common contaminant in all salt sources that are used in the production of chlorine. This bromide content of the salt is converted into bromine chloride in the liquid chlorine product. This test method is sensitive enough to measure the levels of bromine chloride observed in normal production chlorine.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method uses high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine bromine chloride levels in liquid chlorine at the 10 to 1400 μg/g (ppm) range.  
1.2 Review the current safety data sheet (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, and safety precautions.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method was developed for the determination of nitrogen trichloride in samples of carbon tetrachloride liquid taken from the compressor suction chiller bottoms of chlorine production plants and other places in the plants that may collect and concentrate nitrogen trichloride to levels that could explode. The test method was then modified to measure the lower levels of nitrogen trichloride observed in product liquid chlorine. This test method is sensitive enough to measure the levels of nitrogen trichloride observed in the normal production of liquid chlorine.  
4.2 This test method for nitrogen trichloride will require the dilution (100:1) of highly concentrated in-process samples to bring them within the working range of the analysis.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method uses high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine nitrogen trichloride levels in liquid chlorine at the 0.1 to 600 μg/g (ppm) range. Solvent samples from chlorine production facilities containing very high concentrations of nitrogen trichloride may be analyzed by dilution with methanol.  
1.2 Review the current safety data sheet (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, and safety precautions.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8.