ISO/TC 36 - Cinematography

This document specifies digital code for mats and modulation methods for motion-picture film to be used for timing, control, editing and synchronization purposes. This document also specifies the relationship of the codes to the motion picture frame. Two types of code are described in this document. The first type, Type C, is a continuous code which is very similar to the continuous code specified in IEC 60461. This type of code can be used in situations where the film is moving continuously at the time of both recording and reproduction. The second type of code, Type 8, is a non-continuous, block-type code, composed of blocks of data, each complete in itself, with gaps between the blocks. It is designed so that the code can be recorded and played back on equipment with intermittent film motion but still be decoded with the same type of electronic equipment used to read the Type C or continuous time code.

This document specifies the makeup or assembly of time-based leaders and cue marks for 70 mm, 35 mm, and 16 mm motion-picture release prints. NOTE Extraneous materials are dealt with in Annex A.

ISO 17266:2018 specifies the lateral, and vertical where applicable, positions and width dimensions of multichannel analogue and digital photographic sound records and control tracks on 35 mm and 70 mm motion-picture prints and negatives.

ISO 2910:2018 specifies the screen luminance level and chrominance white point for theatrical projection of 70 mm, 35 mm and 16 mm motion-picture prints at a rate of 24 frames per second. ISO 2910:2018 can also be applicable to the non-theatrical presentation of 70 mm, 35 mm and 16 mm motion-picture prints intended for projection at 24 frames per second. NOTE Throughout this document, the term "screen" means the screen-picture area appropriate to the film format and projection system in use.

1.1 ISO 12222:2017 specifies the position and dimensions of machine-readable identification numbers on 16 mm, 35 mm and 65 mm motion-picture film. These numbers are intended to be a machine-readable version of the latent image key number. ISO 12222:2017 also specifies the encoding format to be used for these machine-readable numbers, as well as the area scanned and the spectral characteristics of the scanner. 1.2 ISO 12222:2017 also specifies the position, dimensions and content of human-readable identification (key) numbers for use on 16 mm, 35 mm and 65 mm motion-picture films intended for original photography or intermediate printing which also include the machine-readable key number described in 1.1. NOTE These numbers normally are exposed onto the film at the time of manufacture. 1.3 ISO 12222:2017 further specifies an area that may be used for optional manufacturer-specific film-type identification information. 1.4 ISO 12222:2017 also specifies an area on the film which is not to be exposed by the film manufacturer, thus leaving it available for customer data recording. 1.5 Finally, ISO 12222:2017 specifies an optional frame line index mark for 35 mm and 65 mm film.

ISO 7739:2016 specifies the lateral positions and width dimensions of two-track variable area sound records on 16 mm motion-picture prints. It also specifies the area scanned by the sound reproducer.

ISO 21727:2016 specifies a method of measurement of short duration motion-picture sound that allows assessment of the subjective loudness and annoyance of the sound recording when replayed at the recommended replay level in rooms aligned with the characteristics of ISO 2969. The specified method of measurement assesses the entire duration of the sound recording, typically commercials and trailers that do not exceed 3 min in length, with suitable channel summation, frequency weighting and time integration. It does not specify a maximum recommended level for such material and is solely aimed at describing a measurement method. NOTE Typical recording and replay levels are discussed in Annex A.

ISO 12612:2016 specifies certain parameters and technical characteristics of post-production motion-picture materials used in the international exchange of 35 mm and 70 mm picture and sound elements. ISO 12612:2016 further specifies a method for the evaluation of picture-image quality based on a standardized test image contained in the post-production picture elements.

ISO 2939:2015 specifies the positions, dimensions, and location of image and photographic sound records on 35 mm motion-picture release prints, which have been assigned for optical projection based on ISO 2907 or transmitted by television based on ISO 1223. It also specifies the relative displacement of sound with respect to the corresponding picture image frame and, through normative reference to ISO 17266, the placements of the multichannel analogue and digital photographic sound and control records.

ISO 2969:2015 specifies the measurement methods and characteristic electroacoustic frequency response of the B-chain of motion-picture dubbing theatres (mixing rooms), screening rooms, and indoor theatres whose room volume exceeds 125 m3 (4,414 ft3). It is intended to assist in standardization of monitoring and reproduction of motion-picture sound in such rooms. The goal is to have constant perceived loudness and frequency response from installation to installation, and from position-to-position within an installation. This International Standard does not cover that part of the motion-picture sound system extending from the transducer to the input source audio selector.

ISO 71:2014 specifies the positions and width dimensions of 16 mm negative monophonic photographic sound record on 16 mm, 35/16 mm, and 35/32 mm motion picture film intended for printing of 16 mm release prints.

ISO 7832:2014 specifies a method of measuring and calibrating the photoelectric output factor of single channel analogue photographic-type audio-level test films in all gauges, using a calibrating sound reproducer. It is applicable to both variable area- and variable density-type sound records with a silver audio track. It also specifies the performance of a calibrating audio reproducer.

ISO 24628-11:2011 defines additional frame rates for digital cinema of 25, 30, 50 and 60 frames per second. These additional frame rates supplement the primary frame rates of 24 and 48 frames per second and are defined in order to ensure that the artistic intent of the content producer can be maintained at the point of delivery. ISO 24628-11:2011 defines the image characteristics of the additional frame rates individually at 25, 30, 50 and 60 frames per second, and also defines the resulting audio samples per edit unit.

ISO 26428-19:2011 defines the formatting and constraints of the additional frame rate level 2 and level 4 image pixel structure, as specified in ISO 26428-11, for transmission over the 1,485 Gb/s dual link serial digital interface SMPTE 372M or 3 Gb/s interface SMPTE 424M.

ISO 26430-4:2009 defines XML structures and schema for individual log records and sequences of those records in digital cinema applications. While not all log records require authentication, this specification provides for optional authentication of records and sequences of records, using digital signatures. Authentication requirements are established by separate application specifications. ISO 26430-4:2009 does not define a communications protocol, but is limited to specifying the structure and format of log records and their content. ISO 26430-4:2009 does not define a format for devices to use internally; it defines a format to be used when log records are interchanged with other devices.

ISO 26433:2009 defines and describes common data types used in D-cinema metadata structures for applications using XML as a data description language. ISO 26433:2009 also includes normative references for types and identifiers defined elsewhere that are necessary when using XML in standards documents. The structure and composition of the types defined in ISO 26433:2009 are intended to be sufficiently simple and general to promote reusability in other standards.

ISO 26430-5:2009 specifies a Security Event Class and namespace for Security Log Records. It also constrains individual Log Records and sequences of such records (Log Reports) as they are used for security event logging purposes in D-cinema applications. The items covered contain descriptions of events logged by the security system, which are intended to provide forensic information regarding security critical events. ISO 26430-5:2009 does not specify the means of communication or the format of messaging between security devices in a system, nor does it define the format for storage of Log Events within the protected storage of a security device. The Security Log Records and Security Log Record Sequences (Log Reports) described herein are intended for the reporting of Security Events previously recorded by the security system to consumers of that information which are external to the security system.

ISO 26429-10:2009 provides the definition of a single MXF file design for Stereoscopic Picture content wrapping. ISO 26429-10:2009 also defines a new Composition Playlist (CPL) extension element to reference such Stereoscopic Picture Track Files.

ISO 26430-6:2009 describes the Auditorium Security Message (ASM) specification, which enables interoperable communication of security-critical information (information necessary to ensure security of D-Cinema content) between devices over an intra-theater exhibition network. The specification uses Transport Layer Security (TLS) for authentication and confidentiality, and Key Length Value (KLV) coding for message encoding. It defines a protocol, a general purpose request-response message set and a specific message set for link encryption keying.

ISO 26428-9:2009 defines the formatting and constraints of the level 3 image pixel structure as defined in ISO 26428-1, for transmission over the 1,485 Gb/s dual link serial digital interface in accordance with SMPTE 372M or the 3 Gb/s interface in accordance with SMPTE 424M.

ISO 26429-9:2009 specifies a generic method for mapping a D-Cinema Package (DCP) onto one or more file storage volumes. Data structures are specified which provide for the mapping of D-cinema asset identifier values onto paths within a particular file storage scheme (e.g. filesystem paths). Where required, assets may be split across multiple storage volumes to allow efficient use of media and the mapping of assets larger than a given storage volume's capacity. The Asset Map and Volume Index structures and the associated provisions detailed in ISO 26429-9:2009 are intended to provide a framework for simplified mapping of a DCP onto a wide variety of file storage systems.

ISO 26429-8:2009 specifies the data format for interchange of a Packing List for D-cinema applications. The electronic or physical form of a complete package described by a Packing List is beyond the scope of ISO 26429-8:2009.

ISO 26430-9:2009 specifies the Key Delivery Message bundle (KDMb). The KDMb is designed to deliver a set of Key Delivery Messages (KDM) from a D-cinema content processing centre to a consumer or redistributors of KDM elements (e.g. from post production to distribution, or from distribution to exhibition). The KDMb can represent an entire theatre, circuit or other grouping of recipients. The KDMb is a compressed archive that contains a mapping file and a directory containing a collection of one or more KDM files. The mapping file defines a relationship between a Composition Playlist (CPL), a Recipient and a KDM. The mapping file allows for a fast look-up of KDM elements for CPL or Recipient. The intent of the KDMb is to distribute a set of KDM elements in a single compressed container for improved distribution efficiencies.

SMPTE 422M defines the mapping of any compliant JPEG 2000 codestream into the Material Exchange Format (MXF) generic container and provides Keys, Universal Labels (ULs) and essence descriptor definitions. ISO 26429-4:2008 further defines the MXF mapping details and constraints for application within digital cinema.

ISO 26431-1:2008 specifies the absolute luminance level, white point chromaticity and luminance uniformity of the reflected screen light for the presentation of motion pictures by projectors with digital light engines in review rooms and commercial cinemas. It is the purpose of ISO 26431-1:2008 to achieve the tone scale and contrast in the projected image that will correspond to that intended during the mastering process.

ISO 26430-2:2008 presents a specification for digital certificates for use in digital cinema systems. ISO 26430-2:2008 defines the digital certificate format and associated processing rules in sufficient detail to enable vendors to develop and implement interoperable security solutions. In the digital cinema environment, certificates have the primary applications of: establishing identity of security devices; supporting secure communications at the network layer, or application-messaging layer; authentication and integrity requirements for Composition Play Lists (CPL) and Packing Lists (PL).

ISO 26429-7:2008 specifies the Composition Playlist structure. The Composition Playlist is a self-contained representation of a single complete digital cinema work, e.g. a motion picture, a trailer or an advertisement. The Composition Playlist consists of an ordered sequence of Reel structures, each referencing a set of external Track Files, e.g. a sound or picture Track File, which are meant to be reproduced in parallel. Each Reel is analogous to a film reel and the Composition Playlist controls the order and timing of the playout of the Reels.

ISO 26428-3:2008 defines the mapping and labeling of channels for the digital cinema distribution master audio in a digital cinema audio system to aid the identification and location of channels. This allows uniform expression and communication of source audio channels to digital cinema playback loudspeakers.

ISO 26428-1:2008 defines the uncompressed image characteristics for the digital cinema distribution master by specifying a pixel array, frame rate, pixel bit depth and colorimetry. The digital cinema distribution master image operational levels are defined by the maximum number of pixels and frame rate.

ISO 26429-3:2008 specifies the common features of the format of sound and picture tracks files for distribution of digital cinema content using the material exchange format (MXF) file format. It defines data structures for interchange at the signal interfaces of networks or storage media, but does not define internal storage formats for compliant devices or mappings for particular essence encodings. ISO 26429-3:2008 is an application specification for digital cinema applications. It is based on the SMPTE 390M OP-ATOM standard, but is further constrained to address the needs of distribution of digital cinema content to exhibition sites.

ISO 26430-3:2008 presents a specification for a generic extra-theater message (ETM) format for use with unidirectional communications channels used in security communications for digital cinema systems. The ETM specification is a generic extensible markup language (XML) security wrapper that includes specific fields which can be extended to carry different kinds of information to meet various application-level requirements. The ETM uses W3C XML to represent the information payload. It provides security using the XML encryption and signature primitives.

ISO 26429-6:2008 defines the syntax of encrypted digital cinema non-interleaved material exchange format (MXF) frame-wrapped track files and specifies a matching reference decryption model. It uses the advanced encryption standard (AES) cipher algorithm for essence encryption and, optionally, the HMAC-SHA1 algorithm for essence integrity. The digital cinema track file format is designed to carry digital cinema essence for distribution to exhibition sites and is specified in the sound and picture track file specification. ISO 26429-6:2008 assumes that the cryptographic keys necessary to decrypt and verify the integrity of encrypted track files will be available upon demand. More precisely, it does not specify the fashion with which cryptographic keys and usage rights are managed across digital cinema distribution and exhibition environments. In addition, ISO 26429-6:2008 does not address, but does not preclude, the use of watermarking, fingerprinting or other security techniques to provide additional protection. The scope is limited to digital cinema and does not define a generic MXF encryption framework.

ISO 26432-2:2008 addresses the interoperability of equipment from the standpoint of the frequency response of filters used in the playback or monitor path in the theatre low frequency effects (LFE) channel for digital cinema. This response curve will create standardization of these filters without specifying their design.

ISO 26430-1:2008 defines a “key delivery message” (KDM) for use in digital cinema systems. The KDM has been designed to deliver security parameters and usage rights between digital cinema content processing centres (e.g. from post production to distribution, or from distribution to exhibition). The KDM carries fundamentally three information types: content keys for a specified composition play list (CPL); content key parameters – primarily the permitted key usage date/time window; the trusted device list (TDL) which identifies equipment permitted to use the content keys.

ISO 26428-2:2008 addresses the interoperability of digital cinema equipment used to create an audio digital cinema distribution master, by defining bit depth, sample rate, minimum channel count and reference levels.

ISO 22234:2005 specifies the measurement methods and wide-band sound pressure levels for motion-picture control rooms, review rooms, and indoor theatres. Together with ISO 2969, it is intended to assist in standardization of reproduction of motion-picture sound in such rooms.

ISO 20859:2005 specifies the spectral response of the photographic audio reproducer light source and receptor as a unit, including any optical filtering that can be interposed. The analog sound track formats suitable for reproduction using such a reproducer include the cyan dye-only track (without redevelopment of silver) and both conventional and "high magenta" soundtracks (with redevelopment of silver).

ISO 1793:2005 specifies the dimensions and characteristics of 16 mm motion-picture film projection reels.

ISO 2467:2004 specifies, for 65 mm/5 perforation motion-picture cameras and projectors, the dimensions of the image area produced by the camera on the film and the maximum projectable image area as well as the image positions relative to the reference edge of the film, and the perforations used to position the film in the camera.

ISO 12611:2004 specifies head-leader tones for use on interchanged motion-picture analogue audio masters, from two track (on three-track format records) through six track.

ISO 1223:2003 defines the position and dimensions of maximum safe areas of the images on 16 mm and 35 mm motion-picture film, which are transmitted or transferred by television. It applies to all formats which are intended for use with either or both of 4:3 and 16:9 aspect ratios.

ISO 5758:2002 specifies the information to be included on the label and/or accompanying documents, for identifying the contents of containers for processed motion-picture film and magnetic sound records. It specifies the minimum information necessary for the exchange of materials. NOTE It does not apply to the labelling of containers of unexposed motion-picture films and magnetic materials specified in ISO 3042.

ISO 2907:2002 specifies the maximum dimensions of the film image area intended for projection from a 35 mm motion-picture film and the position of this area relative to the perforations and the reference edge of the film. ISO 2907:2002 specifies three types of image areas intended for theatrical projection: Style A: general theatrical release prints commonly referred to as non-anamorphic or wide screen; Style B: theatrical release prints with an anamorphic image; Style C: classic theatrical prints.

ISO 491 specifies the cutting and perforating dimensions for 35 mm unexposed motion-picture film and 35 mm magnetic film, and the types of perforations used.

ISO 8567:2002 specifies the position and dimensions of the maximum area permitted for subtitles on 35 mm and 16 mm motion-picture release prints for normal projection as specified in ISO 359 and ISO 2907. ISO 8567:2002 does not replace ISO 1223, which specifies the safe areas for prints intended for transmission by television.

This International Standard specifies the dimensions of the camera aperture images and the relative positions of the vertical and horizontal centrelines of the intended image area with respect to the reference edge and the perforations of the camera negative film for 35 mm motion-picture cameras. Motion-picture cameras used for different purposes require different aperture sizes. This International Standard specifies the image dimensions resulting from four styles of apertures used for the following purposes. Style A: Four perforations per frame nonanamorphic sound motion pictures. Style B: Four perforations per frame anamorphic sound motion pictures. Style C: Four perforations per frame instrumentation photography and full-frame motion pictures. Style D: Three perforations per frame motion pictures. This International Standard also specifies the position of the photographic emulsion and the frame rate for 35 mm motion-picture cameras.

This International Standard specifies the position, dimensions, content and exposure of human-readable, latent image information applied onto 35 mm colour-print film. This information is normally exposed onto the film at the time of manufacture. This International Standard also specifies spectral densities and a film area which is not to be exposed by the film manufacturer, thus leaving it available for subsequent customer data recording such as soundtrack recording, etc.

1.1 This International Standard specifies basic technical characteristics for the international exchange of analogue photographic sound test films intended for checking, adjusting and measuring motion-picture projector sound systems and sound reproducing channels of motion-picture installations for monophonic or stereophonic reproduction. 1.2 This International Standard specifies types and technical characteristics of test films made on 35 mm and 16 mm motion-picture films. 1.3 This International Standard includes test films intended for the checking, adjusting and measuring of a) focusing and azimuth of the scanning beam, b) scanning beam width and its position relative to the reference edge of the film, c) uniformity of the scanning beam illumination, d) level output balance of several motion-picture projectors, e) frequency response of the sound reproduction channel, and f) non-uniformity of film travel.

This International Standard specifies the dimensions and location of the image area produced by the camera aperture Type W on 16 mm motion-picture film intended for enlargement to non-anamorphic 35 mm motion-picture film with an image aspect ratio of 1,66:1 or greater. This International Standard also specifies the dimensions and location of the corresponding image area on a 35 mm internegative or duplicate negative and the enlargement ratio in optical printing from 16 mm Type W originals.

This International Standard specifies the cutting and perforating dimensions for 16 mm motion-picture and magnetic films with one or two rows of perforations for the following two categories: a) 16 mm motion-picture and magnetic films; b) manufacturer-designated 16 mm professional motion-picture camera films with tighter tolerances. This International Standard applies to safety raw stock film as described in ISO 543.