M/424 - Water framework directive

This document specifies a method for the quantitative determination of the sum of short-chain
polychlorinated n-alkanes also known as short-chain polychlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) in the carbon
bond range n-C10 to n-C13 inclusive, in mixtures with chlorine mass fractions (“contents”) between
50 % and 67 %, including approximately 6 000 of approximately 8 000 congeners.
This method is applicable to the determination of the sum of SCCPs in unfiltered surface water, ground
water, drinking water and waste water using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with electron
capture negative ionization (GC-ECNI-MS).
Depending on the capability of the GC-ECNI-MS instrument, the concentration range of the method
is from 0,1 μg/l or lower to 10 μg/l. Depending on the waste water matrix, the lowest detectable
concentration is estimated to be > 0,1 μg/l. The data of the interlaboratory trial concerning this method
are given in Annex I.

This document specifies a method for the quantitative determination of the sum of short-chain polychlorinated n-alkanes also known as short-chain polychlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) in the carbon bond range n-C10 to n-C13 inclusive, in mixtures with chlorine mass fractions ("contents") between 50 % and 67 %, including approximately 6 000 of approximately 8 000 congeners.
This method is applicable to the determination of the sum of SCCPs in unfiltered surface water, ground water, drinking water and waste water using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with electron capture negative ionization (GC-ECNI-MS).
Depending on the capability of the GC-ECNI-MS instrument, the concentration range of the method is from 0,1 µg/l or lower to 10 µg/l. Depending on the waste water matrix, the lowest detectable concentration is estimated to be > 0,1 µg/l. The data of the interlaboratory trial concerning this method are given in Annex I.

Development of a method for quantitative and qualitative sampling of phytoplankton from inland waters. The method includes all common existing European sampling strategies.
The main aspects for phytoplankton sampling in lakes covered by this EN are the effects of sampling on phytoplankton biomass and composition
- if sampled in different seasons;
- if euphotic or epilimnetic zone;
- if number of sampling sites for large water bodies is one or three;
- if mixing samples from depth-step-wise sampling or from integrated samplers or by flexible tubes for integrated sampling;
- if replicate sampling is 1 or 5 at one site (aspects of reproducibility);
- if sampling is done in unusual sampling designs as sampling from the shore side or at the outflow compared to the deepest point of the lake.

Development of a method for the quantitative determination of PAHs in whole water samples using GC-MS. The following individual PAHs are considered:
This analytical method specifies the determination of PAHs meeting the following requirements:
- The analysis of whole water samples containing up to 0,5 g/L of suspended solids;
- The limit of quantification (LOQ) shall be equal or less than 30 % of the EQS;
- The measurement uncertainty shall be equal or less than 50 %;
- The methods shall be fully in-house validated and tested for ruggedness prior to interlaboratory validation;
- A European interlaboratory comparison study will be conducted according to ISO 5725.

Development of a method for the quantitative determination of PBDE congeners representative for the technical pentabromodiphenyl ether formulation in whole water samples using GC-MS.
The following congeners will be considered as specified in Directive 2008/105/EC:
-   BDE28
-   BDE47
-   BDE99
-   BDE100
-   BDE153
-   BDE154
This analytical method specifies the determination of PBDEs meeting the following requirements:
- The analysis of whole water samples containing up to 0,5 g/l of suspended solids;
- The limit of quantification (LOQ) shall be equal or less than 30 % of the EQS;
- The measurement uncertainty shall be equal or less than 50 %;
- The methods shall be fully in-house validated and tested for ruggedness prior to interlaboratory validation;
- A European interlaboratory comparison study will be conducted according to ISO 5725.

Development of a method for the quantitative determination of organochlorine pesticides in whole water samples using GC-MS.
This analytical method specifies the determination of OCPs meeting the following requirements:
- The analysis of whole water samples containing up to 0,5 g/l of suspended solids;
- The limit of quantification (LOQ) shall be equal or less than 30 % of the EQS;
- The measurement uncertainty shall be equal or less than 50 %;
- The methods shall be fully in-house validated and tested for ruggedness prior to interlaboratory validation;
- A European interlaboratory comparison study will be conducted according to ISO 5725.

This European Standard specifies procedures for phytoplankton sampling in inland waters and describes methods of sampling techniques for phytoplankton in inland waters (e.g. rivers and channels, or lakes, ponds, reservoirs and other artificial water bodies, respectively).
This European Standard gives guidance for sampling of phytoplankton for qualitative and quantitative limnological investigations and monitoring of water quality, e.g. ecological status.

Development of a harmonised protocol for estimation of algal biovolume including a recommended list of geometrical shapes of most common European phytoplankton taxa meeting the requirements set out in the WFD.
The methods should provide
- the microscopic technique for measurement of algae cell dimensions required for the estimation of phytoplankton biovolume of different phytoplankton taxa including single cells, complex cells shapes and colonies;
- calculation procedures to estimate algal biovolume including biomass relations;
- necessary quality assurance procedures;
- guidance on recommended geometrical shapes for different phytoplankton taxa and the corresponding equations for calculation the biovolume.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of six selected polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) listed in Table 1, representative for technical BDEs in water samples in mass concentrations ≥ 0,025 ng/l (for each individual congener). (The limit of quantification (LOQ) should be determined according to ISO 13530, on the basis of replicate determinations of the procedural blank, carried out under reproducibility conditions.) The method uses solid-phase disk extraction (SPE-disk) in combination with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It is applicable to the analysis of PBDEs in surface water containing suspended particulate matter (SPM) up to 500 mg/l (whole water samples), drinking water and groundwater.
This method may be used for the analysis of other BDE congeners not listed in Table 1 or other types of water. However, it is important to verify its applicability before use.
(...)

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of 7 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in whole water samples as listed in Table 1. The method uses solid-phase disk extraction (SPE-disk) in combination with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It is applicable to the analysis of PAHs in surface water, which may contain suspended particulate matter (SPM) up to 500 mg/l (whole water samples), drinking water and groundwater.
The lower and upper limit of the working range depends on the matrix, on the specific compound to be analyzed and on the sensitivity of the mass spectrometric detection unit. The limit of quantification (LOQ) determined in the validation is given in Table 1. The upper limit of the working range is approximately 2 000 ng/l.
This method is, with some modification may also be suitable for the analysis of waste water. This method is applicable to other PAH ), provided the method is validated for each PAH.
(...)

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of selected organochlorine pesticides (OCP, see Table 1), in water samples. The method uses solid-phase extraction with SPE-disks followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It is applicable to the analysis of OCPs in surface water containing suspended particulate matter (SPM) up to 500 mg/l (whole water samples), drinking water and groundwater. The lower limit of the working range depends on the matrix, on the specific compound to be analyzed and on the sensitivity of the mass spectrometric detection unit. For compounds listed in Table 1 the limit of determination (LOQ) it is at least 30 % of the corresponding AA-EQS value (0,000 15 µg/l to 0,1 µg/l) according to the requirements of the European EQS Directive 2008/105/EC for both inland surface waters and other surface waters.
This method may be used for the analysis of other OCPs not listed in Table 1 or other types of water. However, it is necessary to verify its applicability before use.
(...)

This European Standard specifies a procedure for the estimation of biovolume of marine and freshwater phytoplankton taxa using inverted microscopy (Utermöhl technique according to EN 15204), in consideration of some heterotrophic protists (< 100 µm) that are not considered in routine zooplankton analysis and benthic microalgae, which can be found in pelagic water samples.
This European Standard describes the necessary methods for measuring cell dimensions and for the calculation of cell or counting unit volumes to estimate the biovolume in phytoplankton samples. This shall be done using harmonized assignments of geometrical shapes to avoid errors.

This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of tributyltin (TBT) in whole water samples. It is applicable to the analysis of TBTs in surface water, which may contain suspended particulate matter (SPM) up to 500 mg/l (whole water samples), ground water, surface water and sea water.

This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of tributyltin (TBT) in whole water samples. It is applicable to the analysis of TBTs in surface water, which may contain suspended particulate matter (SPM) up to 500 mg/l (whole water samples), ground water, surface water and sea water.

EN 15910 specifies a standardized method for data sampling and procedures for data evaluation of fish populations in large rivers, lakes and reservoirs, using hydroacoustic equipment deployed on mobile platforms (boats and vessels). This standard covers fish population abundance estimates of pelagic and profundal waters > 15 m mean depth with the acoustic beam oriented vertically, and the inshore and surface waters of water bodies > 2 m depth with the beam oriented horizontally. The size structure of fish populations can only be determined to a relatively low degree of precision and accuracy, particularly from horizontally-deployed echosounders. As acoustic techniques are presently unable to identify species directly, other direct fish catching methods should always be used in combination. This standard provides recommendations and requirements on equipment, survey design, data acquisition, post-processing of data and results and reporting. A selected literature with references in support of this standard is given in the Bibliography.

This European Standard specifies a standardized method for data sampling and procedures for data evaluation of fish populations in large rivers, lakes and reservoirs, using hydroacoustic equipment deployed on mobile platforms (boats and vessels).
This standard covers fish population abundance estimates of pelagic and profundal waters > 15 m mean depth with the acoustic beam oriented vertically, and the inshore and surface waters of water bodies > 2 m depth with the beam oriented horizontally. The size structure of fish populations can only be determined to a relatively low degree of precision and accuracy, particularly from horizontally-deployed echosounders. As acoustic techniques are presently unable to identify species directly, other direct fish catching methods should always be used in combination.
This standard provides recommendations and requirements on equipment, survey design, data acquisition, post-processing of data and results and reporting. A selected literature with references in support of this standard is given in the Bibliography.

This document is applicable to standing waters with surface areas greater than 1 ha (0,01 km2) and maximum depths (at mean water level) greater than 1 m. All types of permanent standing waters, including natural and artificial (thus including reservoirs), fresh water and brackish, except for those systems regularly connect to the sea, are included in this European Standard, though canals are excluded. Based on these criteria it can be estimated that there are at least 500 000 natural lakes across Europe, most of which are located in the glaciarised landscapes in northern and western provinces and in Scandinavia. Lakeland districts also occur locally in areas such as the Danubian and Hungarian plains and around the Alps. Elsewhere naturally occurring lakes are relatively sparse and in such areas reservoirs are the most common type of standing water.  
a)   defines the key term of hydromorphology and related terms relating to the physical characteristics of lakes and their hydrological regimes;
b)   details essential features and processes of lakes that should be characterised as part of a hydromorphological survey and thus to determine the hydromorphological condition of a lake;
c)   identifies and defines the key pressures impacting on European lakes;
d)   provides guidance on strategies for collecting hydromorphological data depending on resources available and the anticipated use of the assessment. A hierarchy of approaches is recognised spanning from the ‘overview method’ utilising existing databases, maps and remote sensing data through to recognised field-based survey techniques such as Lake Habitat Survey (LHS);
e)   offers assistance in interpreting the data;
f)   establishes guidance on data quality assurance issues.
This European Standard is designed to
a)   support environmental and conservation agencies meet the monitoring requirements of the WFD (Article 8, Annex II and Annex V);

This European Standard provides guidance for sampling, preservation, storage, quantification and qualitative analysis of phytoplankton from marine waters. Guidance for quantification is limited to use of light microscopy with phase contrast and epifluorescence.
The standard comprises:
- development of the sampling programme;
- requirements for sampling equipment;
- procedures for sampling and treatment of samples in the field;
- methods for quantification;
- qualitative analysis.
The standard provides minimum requirements for environmental monitoring.

This European Standard is applicable to lakes, which are water bodies occupying one or more basins with surface areas greater than 1 ha (0,01 km2) and maximum depths (at mean water level) greater than 1 m. All types of permanent lakes, including natural, modified and artificial, fresh water and brackish, except for those systems which regularly connect to the sea, are included in this European Standard, though canals are excluded.
Based on these criteria, it can be estimated that there are at least 500 000 natural lakes across Europe, most of which are located in the glaciated landscapes in northern and western provinces and in Scandinavia. Lakeland districts also occur locally in areas such as the Danubian plain and around the Alps. Elsewhere, naturally occurring lakes are relatively sparse and in such areas reservoirs or pits are more common.
This European Standard is designed to:
a)   support environmental and conservation agencies in meeting the monitoring requirements of the WFD (Article 8, Annex II and Annex V);
b)   generate data sets appropriate for monitoring and reporting of Natura 2000 sites designated under the Habitats Directive and the Birds Directive;
c)   provide information supporting other environmental reporting requirements (e.g. in relation to biodiversity or environmental impact assessment);
d)   support lake management and restoration initiatives.
This European Standard:
a)   defines the key term of ‘hydromorphology’ and other terms relating to the physical characteristics of lakes and their hydrological regimes;
b)   details essential features and processes of lakes that should be characterised as part of a hydromorphological survey and for determining the hydromorphological condition of a lake;
c)   identifies and defines the key pressures affecting European lakes;
d)   provides guidance on strategies for collecting hydromorphological data depending on resources available and the anticipated use of the assessment; a hierarchy of approaches is recognised from the ‘overview method’ utilising existing databases, maps and remote sensing data through to recognised field-based survey techniques such as Lake Habitat Survey (LHS);
e)   offers guidance on data presentation;
f)   establishes guidance on data quality assurance issues.
This European Standard does not deal with biological assessments in lakes such as the presence or absence of individual species or community composition, nor does it attempt to link specific hydromorphological features with their associated biological communities or to create a classification based on such links. However, it is relevant where plants or other organisms form significant structural elements of the habitat (e.g. a gradation from riparian to littoral vegetation).
With respect to the WFD, the hydromorphological condition of a lake only contributes to its status classification at high ecological status (HES). Hydromorphological conditions are not defined for good and moderate status but shall be sufficient to support the biological elements.

This European Standard gives guidance for sampling, preservation, storage, quantification and qualitative analysis of phytoplankton from marine waters. Guidance for quantification is limited to the use of light microscopy with phase contrast and epifluorescence.
This European Standard specifies:
- the development of the sampling programme;
- requirements for sampling equipment;
- procedures for sampling and treatment of samples in the field;
- methods for quantification;
- qualitative analysis.
This European Standard describes minimum requirements for environmental monitoring.

EN ISO 12010 specifies a method for the quantitative determination of the sum of short-chain polychlorinated n-alkanes, also known as short-chain polychlorinated paraffins (SCCPs), in the carbon bond range n-C10 to n-C13 inclusive, in mixtures with chlorine mass fractions (“contents”) between 49 % and 67 %, including approximately 6 300 of approximately 8 000 congeners. This method is applicable to the determination of the sum of SCCPs in unfiltered surface water, ground water, drinking water and waste water using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with electron capture negative ionization (GC-ECNI-MS). The method can be applied to samples containing 0,1 μg/l to 10 μg/l. Depending on the waste water matrix, the lowest detectable concentration is estimated to be >0,1 μg/l.

ISO 12010:2012 specifies a method for the quantitative determination of the sum of short-chain polychlorinated n‑alkanes, also known as short-chain polychlorinated paraffins (SCCPs), in the carbon bond range n-C10 to n-C13 inclusive, in mixtures with chlorine mass fractions ("contents") between 49 % and 67 %, including approximately 6 300 of approximately 8 000 congeners.
This method is applicable to the determination of the sum of SCCPs in unfiltered surface water, ground water, drinking water and waste water using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with electron capture negative ionization (GC-ECNI-MS).
The method can be applied to samples containing 0,1 µg/l to 10 µg/l. Depending on the waste water matrix, the lowest detectable concentration is estimated to be >0,1 µg/l.