2000/60/EC - Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy (substitutes Directive Reference 01/991 - Common Position on WFD)

This European Standard establishes the general principles for the management and control of operational activities in drain and sewer systems outside buildings and specifies requirements for development and implementation of work programmes, and the selection of techniques.
This document together with EN 14654-1 covers the management and control of inputs from users.
It is applicable to drain and sewer systems from the point where wastewater leaves a building, roof drainage system, or paved area, to the point where it is discharged into a wastewater treatment plant or receiving water body.
Drains and sewers below buildings are included provided that they do not form part of the drainage system of the building.

This document is focused on the structural features of rivers, on geomorphological and hydrological processes, and on river continuity. It provides guidance on the features and processes to be taken into account when characterizing and assessing the hydromorphology of rivers. It is based on methods developed, tested, and compared in Europe. Its main aim is to improve the comparability of hydromorphological assessment methods, data processing and interpretation. Although it has particular importance for the WFD by providing guidance on assessing hydromorphological quality, it has considerably wider scope for other applications. In addition, while recognizing the important influence of hydromorphology on plant and animal ecology, no attempt is made to provide guidance in this area, but where the biota have an important influence on hydromorphology these influences are included.
NOTE   A case study illustrating the application of this standard is given in Gurnell and Grabowski[1].

This document specifies a method for the quantitative determination of the sum of short-chain
polychlorinated n-alkanes also known as short-chain polychlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) in the carbon
bond range n-C10 to n-C13 inclusive, in mixtures with chlorine mass fractions (“contents”) between
50 % and 67 %, including approximately 6 000 of approximately 8 000 congeners.
This method is applicable to the determination of the sum of SCCPs in unfiltered surface water, ground
water, drinking water and waste water using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with electron
capture negative ionization (GC-ECNI-MS).
Depending on the capability of the GC-ECNI-MS instrument, the concentration range of the method
is from 0,1 μg/l or lower to 10 μg/l. Depending on the waste water matrix, the lowest detectable
concentration is estimated to be > 0,1 μg/l. The data of the interlaboratory trial concerning this method
are given in Annex I.

This document specifies continuous flow analysis (CFA) methods for the determination of
orthophosphate in the mass concentration range from 0,01 mg/l to 1,00 mg/l P, and total phosphorus
in the mass concentration range from 0,10 mg/l to 10,0 mg/l P. The method includes the digestion of
organic phosphorus compounds and the hydrolysis of inorganic polyphosphate compounds, performed
either manually, as described in ISO 6878 and in References [4], [5] and [7], or with an integrated
ultraviolet (UV) digestion and hydrolysis unit.
This document is applicable to various types of water, such as ground, drinking, surface, leachate and
waste water. The range of application can be changed by varying the operating conditions.
This method is also applicable to the analysis of seawater, but with changes in sensitivity by adapting
the carrier and calibration solutions to the salinity of the samples.
It is also applicable to analysis using 10 mm to 50 mm cuvettes depending on the desired range. For
extreme sensitivity, 250 mm and 500 mm long way capillary flow cells (LCFCs) can be used. However,
the method is not validated for these two uses. Changes in sensitivity and calibration solutions could be
required.
Annex A provides examples of a CFA system. Annex B gives performance data from interlaboratory
trials. Annex C gives information of determining orthophosphate-P and total-P by CFA and tin(II)
chloride reduction.

This document specifies a method for the quantitative determination of the sum of short-chain polychlorinated n-alkanes also known as short-chain polychlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) in the carbon bond range n-C10 to n-C13 inclusive, in mixtures with chlorine mass fractions ("contents") between 50 % and 67 %, including approximately 6 000 of approximately 8 000 congeners.
This method is applicable to the determination of the sum of SCCPs in unfiltered surface water, ground water, drinking water and waste water using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with electron capture negative ionization (GC-ECNI-MS).
Depending on the capability of the GC-ECNI-MS instrument, the concentration range of the method is from 0,1 µg/l or lower to 10 µg/l. Depending on the waste water matrix, the lowest detectable concentration is estimated to be > 0,1 µg/l. The data of the interlaboratory trial concerning this method are given in Annex I.

This document specifies continuous flow analysis (CFA) methods for the determination of orthophosphate in the mass concentration range from 0,01 mg/l to 1,00 mg/l P, and total phosphorus in the mass concentration range from 0,10 mg/l to 10,0 mg/l P. The method includes the digestion of organic phosphorus compounds and the hydrolysis of inorganic polyphosphate compounds, performed either manually, as described in ISO 6878 and in References [4], [5] and [7], or with an integrated ultraviolet (UV) digestion and hydrolysis unit.
This document is applicable to various types of water, such as ground, drinking, surface, leachate and waste water. The range of application can be changed by varying the operating conditions.
This method is also applicable to the analysis of seawater, but with changes in sensitivity by adapting the carrier and calibration solutions to the salinity of the samples.
It is also applicable to analysis using 10 mm to 50 mm cuvettes depending on the desired range. For extreme sensitivity, 250 mm and 500 mm long way capillary flow cells (LCFCs) can be used. However, the method is not validated for these two uses. Changes in sensitivity and calibration solutions could be required.
Annex A provides examples of a CFA system. Annex B gives performance data from interlaboratory trials. Annex C gives information of determining orthophosphate-P and total-P by CFA and tin(II) chloride reduction.

This European Standard sets out the objectives for drain and sewer systems outside buildings. It specifies the functional requirements for achieving these objectives and the principles for strategic and policy activities relating to planning, design, installation, operation, maintenance and rehabilitation.
It is applicable to drain and sewer systems, which operate essentially under gravity, from the point where wastewater leaves a building, roof drainage system, or paved area, to the point where it is discharged into a wastewater treatment plant or receiving water body.
Drains and sewers below buildings are included provided that they do not form part of the drainage system for the building.

This European Standard provides guidance on determining the degree of modification of lake hydromorphological features described in EN 16039. It enables consistent comparisons of hydromorphology between lakes within a country and between different countries in Europe, providing a method for broad based characterization across a wide spectrum of hydromorphological modification. Its primary aim is to assess ‘departure from naturalness’ for a given type of lake as a result of human pressures, and it suggests suitable sources of information that may contribute to characterizing the degree of modification of hydromorphological features. For wholly artificial lakes or reservoirs formed by damming rivers the aim is to assess the extent to which processes approximate to those in comparable natural water bodies. However, this standard does not replace methods that have been developed within particular countries for local assessment and reporting. Decisions on management for individual lakes require expert local knowledge and vary according to lake type.

This European Standard specifies the objectives for drain and sewer systems outside buildings. It specifies the functional requirements for achieving these objectives and the principles for strategic and policy activities relating to planning, design, installation, operation, maintenance and rehabilitation.
It is applicable to drain and sewer systems from the point where wastewater leaves a building, roof drainage system, or paved area, to the point where it is discharged into a wastewater treatment plant or receiving water body.
Drains and sewers below buildings are included provided that they do not form part of the drainage system for the building.

This European Standard provides guidance on determining the degree of modification of lake hydromorphological features described in EN 16039. It enables consistent comparisons of hydromorphology between lakes within a country and between different countries in Europe, providing a method for broad based characterization across a wide spectrum of hydromorphological modification. Its primary aim is to assess ‘departure from naturalness’ for a given type of lake as a result of human pressures, and it suggests suitable sources of information that may contribute to characterizing the degree of modification of hydromorphological features. For wholly artificial lakes or reservoirs formed by damming rivers the aim is to assess the extent to which processes approximate to those in comparable natural water bodies. However, this standard does not replace methods that have been developed within particular countries for local assessment and reporting. Decisions on management for individual lakes require expert local knowledge and vary according to lake type.

This document provides guidance on methods for sampling invertebrates in the hyporheic zone of wadable rivers. It describes each method, including details of the equipment involved and its use in the field. Guidance is given on developing a sampling strategy and selecting an appropriate survey technique for the purpose of investigation. Benthic macroinvertebrate sampling is covered elsewhere by other published standards (see bibliography). Selected literature with references in support of this document is given in the bibliography.

This European Standard provides guidance on methods for sampling invertebrates in the hyporheic zone of wadable rivers. It describes each method, including details of the equipment involved and its use in the field. Guidance is given on developing a sampling strategy and selecting an appropriate survey technique for the purpose of investigation.
NOTE   Benthic macroinvertebrate sampling is covered by other published standards (see Bibliography). Selected literature with references in support of this document is given in the Bibliography.

Development of a method for quantitative and qualitative sampling of phytoplankton from inland waters. The method includes all common existing European sampling strategies.
The main aspects for phytoplankton sampling in lakes covered by this EN are the effects of sampling on phytoplankton biomass and composition
- if sampled in different seasons;
- if euphotic or epilimnetic zone;
- if number of sampling sites for large water bodies is one or three;
- if mixing samples from depth-step-wise sampling or from integrated samplers or by flexible tubes for integrated sampling;
- if replicate sampling is 1 or 5 at one site (aspects of reproducibility);
- if sampling is done in unusual sampling designs as sampling from the shore side or at the outflow compared to the deepest point of the lake.

Development of a method for the quantitative determination of PBDE congeners representative for the technical pentabromodiphenyl ether formulation in whole water samples using GC-MS.
The following congeners will be considered as specified in Directive 2008/105/EC:
-   BDE28
-   BDE47
-   BDE99
-   BDE100
-   BDE153
-   BDE154
This analytical method specifies the determination of PBDEs meeting the following requirements:
- The analysis of whole water samples containing up to 0,5 g/l of suspended solids;
- The limit of quantification (LOQ) shall be equal or less than 30 % of the EQS;
- The measurement uncertainty shall be equal or less than 50 %;
- The methods shall be fully in-house validated and tested for ruggedness prior to interlaboratory validation;
- A European interlaboratory comparison study will be conducted according to ISO 5725.

Development of a method for the quantitative determination of PAHs in whole water samples using GC-MS. The following individual PAHs are considered:
This analytical method specifies the determination of PAHs meeting the following requirements:
- The analysis of whole water samples containing up to 0,5 g/L of suspended solids;
- The limit of quantification (LOQ) shall be equal or less than 30 % of the EQS;
- The measurement uncertainty shall be equal or less than 50 %;
- The methods shall be fully in-house validated and tested for ruggedness prior to interlaboratory validation;
- A European interlaboratory comparison study will be conducted according to ISO 5725.

Development of a method for the quantitative determination of organochlorine pesticides in whole water samples using GC-MS.
This analytical method specifies the determination of OCPs meeting the following requirements:
- The analysis of whole water samples containing up to 0,5 g/l of suspended solids;
- The limit of quantification (LOQ) shall be equal or less than 30 % of the EQS;
- The measurement uncertainty shall be equal or less than 50 %;
- The methods shall be fully in-house validated and tested for ruggedness prior to interlaboratory validation;
- A European interlaboratory comparison study will be conducted according to ISO 5725.

This European Standard specifies procedures for phytoplankton sampling in inland waters and describes methods of sampling techniques for phytoplankton in inland waters (e.g. rivers and channels, or lakes, ponds, reservoirs and other artificial water bodies, respectively).
This European Standard gives guidance for sampling of phytoplankton for qualitative and quantitative limnological investigations and monitoring of water quality, e.g. ecological status.

Development of a harmonised protocol for estimation of algal biovolume including a recommended list of geometrical shapes of most common European phytoplankton taxa meeting the requirements set out in the WFD.
The methods should provide
- the microscopic technique for measurement of algae cell dimensions required for the estimation of phytoplankton biovolume of different phytoplankton taxa including single cells, complex cells shapes and colonies;
- calculation procedures to estimate algal biovolume including biomass relations;
- necessary quality assurance procedures;
- guidance on recommended geometrical shapes for different phytoplankton taxa and the corresponding equations for calculation the biovolume.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of selected organochlorine pesticides (OCP, see Table 1), in water samples. The method uses solid-phase extraction with SPE-disks followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It is applicable to the analysis of OCPs in surface water containing suspended particulate matter (SPM) up to 500 mg/l (whole water samples), drinking water and groundwater. The lower limit of the working range depends on the matrix, on the specific compound to be analyzed and on the sensitivity of the mass spectrometric detection unit. For compounds listed in Table 1 the limit of determination (LOQ) it is at least 30 % of the corresponding AA-EQS value (0,000 15 µg/l to 0,1 µg/l) according to the requirements of the European EQS Directive 2008/105/EC for both inland surface waters and other surface waters.
This method may be used for the analysis of other OCPs not listed in Table 1 or other types of water. However, it is necessary to verify its applicability before use.
(...)

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of six selected polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) listed in Table 1, representative for technical BDEs in water samples in mass concentrations ≥ 0,025 ng/l (for each individual congener). (The limit of quantification (LOQ) should be determined according to ISO 13530, on the basis of replicate determinations of the procedural blank, carried out under reproducibility conditions.) The method uses solid-phase disk extraction (SPE-disk) in combination with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It is applicable to the analysis of PBDEs in surface water containing suspended particulate matter (SPM) up to 500 mg/l (whole water samples), drinking water and groundwater.
This method may be used for the analysis of other BDE congeners not listed in Table 1 or other types of water. However, it is important to verify its applicability before use.
(...)

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of 7 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in whole water samples as listed in Table 1. The method uses solid-phase disk extraction (SPE-disk) in combination with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It is applicable to the analysis of PAHs in surface water, which may contain suspended particulate matter (SPM) up to 500 mg/l (whole water samples), drinking water and groundwater.
The lower and upper limit of the working range depends on the matrix, on the specific compound to be analyzed and on the sensitivity of the mass spectrometric detection unit. The limit of quantification (LOQ) determined in the validation is given in Table 1. The upper limit of the working range is approximately 2 000 ng/l.
This method is, with some modification may also be suitable for the analysis of waste water. This method is applicable to other PAH ), provided the method is validated for each PAH.
(...)

This European Standard specifies a procedure for the estimation of biovolume of marine and freshwater phytoplankton taxa using inverted microscopy (Utermöhl technique according to EN 15204), in consideration of some heterotrophic protists (< 100 µm) that are not considered in routine zooplankton analysis and benthic microalgae, which can be found in pelagic water samples.
This European Standard describes the necessary methods for measuring cell dimensions and for the calculation of cell or counting unit volumes to estimate the biovolume in phytoplankton samples. This shall be done using harmonized assignments of geometrical shapes to avoid errors.

This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of tributyltin (TBT) in whole water samples. It is applicable to the analysis of TBTs in surface water, which may contain suspended particulate matter (SPM) up to 500 mg/l (whole water samples), ground water, surface water and sea water.

This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of tributyltin (TBT) in whole water samples. It is applicable to the analysis of TBTs in surface water, which may contain suspended particulate matter (SPM) up to 500 mg/l (whole water samples), ground water, surface water and sea water.

EN 16503 gives guidelines for characterizing the hydromorphology of transitional or coastal (TraC) waters, but does not prescribe detailed methods of assessment. The main aim of this document is to improve the comparability of hydromorphological survey methods, data processing, and the interpretation and presentation of results. This European Standard: a) lists essential features and processes of TraC waters that should be characterized as part of a hydromorphological survey and used for determining hydromorphological condition; b) gives guidance on strategies for collecting and presenting hydromorphological data depending on the resources available and the anticipated use of the assessment; c) describes how to generate data sets appropriate for monitoring and reporting on the condition of Natura 2000 sites designated under the Habitats Directive and the Birds Directive; d) provides guidance on data quality assurance. This European Standard does not deal with biological assessments in TraC waters such as the presence or absence of individual species or community composition, nor does it attempt to link specific hydromorphological features with their associated biological communities. However, it is relevant where plants or other organisms form significant structural elements of the habitat (e.g. saltmarshes, biogenic reefs).

This European Standard gives guidelines for characterizing the hydromorphology of transitional or coastal (TraC) waters, but does not prescribe detailed methods of assessment. The main aim of this document is to improve the comparability of hydromorphological survey methods, data processing, and the interpretation and presentation of results.
This European Standard:
a)   lists essential features and processes of TraC waters that should be characterized as part of a hydromorphological survey and used for determining hydromorphological condition;
b)   gives guidance on strategies for collecting and presenting hydromorphological data depending on the resources available and the anticipated use of the assessment;
c)   describes how to generate data sets appropriate for monitoring and reporting on the condition of Natura 2000 sites designated under the Habitats Directive and the Birds Directive;
d)   provides guidance on data quality assurance.
This European Standard does not deal with biological assessments in TraC waters such as the presence or absence of individual species or community composition, nor does it attempt to link specific hydromorphological features with their associated biological communities. However, it is relevant where plants or other organisms form significant structural elements of the habitat (e.g. saltmarshes, biogenic reefs).

EN 16479 defines general requirements, performance requirements and conformity test procedures for automated sampling devices (samplers) for water and waste water that: - sample water and waste water from non-pressurized (i. e. open to atmosphere) channels or vessels; - sample over extended periods to collect discrete or composite samples based on time, event or flow proportional sampling. Specific sample integrity requirements are defined for samplers to be used for the collection of samples of final effluent or influent for the purpose of monitoring the performance of waste water treatment works, as required under the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (UWWTD). Samplers to be used for other industrial applications do not have to be assessed against these specific sample integrity requirements. This European Standard does not cover the installation and on-going use of samplers.

This European Standard defines general requirements, performance requirements and conformity test procedures for automated sampling devices (samplers) for water and waste water that:
-   sample water and waste water from non-pressurized (i. e. open to atmosphere) channels or vessels;
-   sample over extended periods to collect discrete or composite samples based on time, event or flow proportional sampling.
Specific sample integrity requirements are defined for samplers to be used for the collection of samples of final effluent or influent for the purpose of monitoring the performance of waste water treatment works, as required under the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (UWWTD). Samplers to be used for other industrial applications do not have to be assessed against these specific sample integrity requirements.
This European Standard does not cover the installation and on-going use of samplers.

EN 13946 specifies a method for the sampling and laboratory preparation of benthic diatoms for ecological status and water quality assessments. Data produced by this method are suitable for production of water quality indices based on the relative abundance of taxa.

EN 14407 specifies methods for the identification and enumeration of relative proportions of diatom taxa on prepared slides and of data interpretation relevant to assessments of water quality in rivers and lakes. It is suitable for use with indices and assessment methods based on the relative abundance of taxa. The methods for identification and enumeration may also be applied to the study of benthic diatoms in other habitats provided that data interpretation methods appropriate to these habitats are used.

EN 14184 specifies a method for surveying aquatic macrophytes in running waters for the purpose of assessing ecological status, using these organisms as elements of biological quality. The information provided by this method includes the composition and abundance of the aquatic macrophyte flora. This European Standard is applicable to all kinds of surface running water bodies, like natural brooks, streams and rivers and their heavily modified equivalents, as well as to artificial water bodies like canals or run-of-river reservoirs. The general principles of the approach described in this European Standard may also be applied when monitoring water bodies in the fluvial corridor of a river, such as side channels and oxbows. It is recognized that for a complete assessment of ecological status, other elements of biological quality should also be assessed.

This European Standard specifies methods for the identification and enumeration of relative proportions of diatom taxa on prepared slides and of data interpretation relevant to assessments of water quality in rivers and lakes. It is suitable for use with indices and assessment methods based on the relative abundance of taxa. The methods for identification and enumeration may also be applied to the study of benthic diatoms in other habitats provided that data interpretation methods appropriate to these habitats are used.

This European Standard specifies a method for surveying aquatic macrophytes in running waters for the purpose of assessing ecological status, using these organisms as elements of biological quality. The information provided by this method includes the composition and abundance of the aquatic macrophyte flora.
This European Standard is applicable to all kinds of surface running water bodies, like natural brooks, streams and rivers and their heavily modified equivalents, as well as to artificial water bodies like canals or run-of-river reservoirs.
The general principles of the approach described in this European Standard may also be applied when monitoring water bodies in the fluvial corridor of a river, such as side channels and oxbows.
It is recognized that for a complete assessment of ecological status, other elements of biological quality should also be assessed.

This European Standard specifies a method for the sampling and laboratory preparation of benthic diatoms for ecological status and water quality assessments. Data produced by this method are suitable for production of water quality indices based on the relative abundance of taxa.

EN ISO 16665 provides guidelines on the quantitative collection and processing of subtidal soft-bottom macrofaunal samples in marine waters. This International Standard encompasses: a) development of the sampling programme; b) requirements for sampling equipment; c) sampling and sample treatment in the field; d) sorting and species identification; e) storage of collected and processed material.

EN 15910 specifies a standardized method for data sampling and procedures for data evaluation of fish populations in large rivers, lakes and reservoirs, using hydroacoustic equipment deployed on mobile platforms (boats and vessels). This standard covers fish population abundance estimates of pelagic and profundal waters > 15 m mean depth with the acoustic beam oriented vertically, and the inshore and surface waters of water bodies > 2 m depth with the beam oriented horizontally. The size structure of fish populations can only be determined to a relatively low degree of precision and accuracy, particularly from horizontally-deployed echosounders. As acoustic techniques are presently unable to identify species directly, other direct fish catching methods should always be used in combination. This standard provides recommendations and requirements on equipment, survey design, data acquisition, post-processing of data and results and reporting. A selected literature with references in support of this standard is given in the Bibliography.

This European Standard specifies a standardized method for data sampling and procedures for data evaluation of fish populations in large rivers, lakes and reservoirs, using hydroacoustic equipment deployed on mobile platforms (boats and vessels).
This standard covers fish population abundance estimates of pelagic and profundal waters > 15 m mean depth with the acoustic beam oriented vertically, and the inshore and surface waters of water bodies > 2 m depth with the beam oriented horizontally. The size structure of fish populations can only be determined to a relatively low degree of precision and accuracy, particularly from horizontally-deployed echosounders. As acoustic techniques are presently unable to identify species directly, other direct fish catching methods should always be used in combination.
This standard provides recommendations and requirements on equipment, survey design, data acquisition, post-processing of data and results and reporting. A selected literature with references in support of this standard is given in the Bibliography.

ISO 16665:2014 provides guidelines on the quantitative collection and processing of subtidal soft-bottom macrofaunal samples in marine waters.
ISO 16665:2014 encompasses: a) development of the sampling programme; b) requirements for sampling equipment; c) sampling and sample treatment in the field; d) sorting and species identification; e) storage of collected and processed material.
ISO 16665:2014 does not specifically address the following, although some elements may be applicable: bioassay sub-sampling; deep water (>750 m) or offshore sampling; in situ faunal studies, e.g. recolonization assays; non-benthic organisms caught in the sampling device; estuarine sampling; intertidal sampling; meiofaunal sampling and analysis; sampling by dredge and sledge; self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) sampling; statistical design.
Accuracy of position fixing is determined by the geographical area, equipment used and survey objective.

This European Standard provides guidance on interlaboratory comparison with a special focus on biological methods. Guidance on the methods and procedures given in this standard should ensure that field survey results and laboratory analyses are comparable within specified limits. This guidance enables participants in interlaboratory comparison to demonstrate their level of performance. In addition it provides a mechanism for quality improvement. This standard describes a general course of the procedure. Detailed elements can be found in EN 14996, EN ISO/IEC 17000, EN ISO/IEC 17025, and EN ISO/IEC 17043.

This European Standard provides guidance on interlaboratory comparison with a special focus on biological methods. Guidance on the methods and procedures given in this standard should ensure that field survey results and laboratory analyses are comparable within specified limits. This guidance enables participants in interlaboratory comparison to demonstrate their level of performance. In addition it provides a mechanism for quality improvement. This standard describes a process structure. Detailed elements can be found in EN 14996, EN ISO/IEC 17000, EN ISO/IEC 17025, and EN ISO/IEC 17043.

This European Standard provides guidance for sampling, preservation, storage, quantification and qualitative analysis of phytoplankton from marine waters. Guidance for quantification is limited to use of light microscopy with phase contrast and epifluorescence.
The standard comprises:
- development of the sampling programme;
- requirements for sampling equipment;
- procedures for sampling and treatment of samples in the field;
- methods for quantification;
- qualitative analysis.
The standard provides minimum requirements for environmental monitoring.

This European Standard gives guidance for sampling, preservation, storage, quantification and qualitative analysis of phytoplankton from marine waters. Guidance for quantification is limited to the use of light microscopy with phase contrast and epifluorescence.
This European Standard specifies:
- the development of the sampling programme;
- requirements for sampling equipment;
- procedures for sampling and treatment of samples in the field;
- methods for quantification;
- qualitative analysis.
This European Standard describes minimum requirements for environmental monitoring.

This document is focused on the structural features of rivers, on geomorphological and hydrological processes, and on river continuity. This document is focused on the structural features of rivers, on geomorphological and hydrological processes, and on river continuity. It provides guidance on the features and processes to be taken into account when characterizing and assessing the hydromorphology of rivers. The word ‘river’ is used as a generic term to describe flowing watercourses of all sizes, with the exception of artificial water bodies such as canals. The document is based on methods developed, tested, and compared in Europe, including the pan-European REFORM project (https://reformrivers.eu/). Its main aim is to improve the comparability of hydromorphological assessment methods, data processing and interpretation. It provides broad recommendations for the types of parameters that should be assessed, and the methods for doing this, within a framework that offers the flexibility to plan programmes of work that are affordable. Although this document does not constitute CIS guidance for the WFD, relevant references provided by the CIS expert group on hydromorphology have been included in the Bibliography.
Although it has particular importance for the WFD by providing guidance on assessing hydromorphological quality, this document has considerably wider scope for other applications. It does not attempt either to describe methods for defining high status for hydromorphology under the WFD, or to link broadscale hydromorphological classification to assessments of ecological status. In addition, while recognizing the important influence of hydromorphology on plant and animal ecology, no attempt is made to provide guidance in this area, but where the biota have an important influence on hydromorphology, these influences are included.
NOTE   A case study illustrating the application of this document is given in Gurnell and Grabowski[1].

This document establishes requirements for the management and control of activities in drain and sewer systems outside buildings and specifies requirements for development and implementation of work programmes, and the selection of techniques.
This document together with EN 14654-1:2021 covers the control of inputs from users.
It is applicable to drain and sewer systems from the point where wastewater leaves a building, roof drainage system, or paved area, to the point where it is discharged into a wastewater treatment plant or receiving water body.
Drains and sewers below buildings are included provided that they do not form part of the drainage system of the building.

This guidance standard specifies equipment and procedures for collecting floating pupal exuviae of Chironomidae from aquatic habitats; rivers from source to estuary, canals, ponds, lakes and sea coasts. Guidance in preparing specimens for subsequent identification is provided. These samples provide representative data on relative species abundance, suitable for numerical analysis, classification and monitoring of environmental conditions.

This guidance standard specifies equipment and procedures for collecting floating pupal exuviae of Chironomidae from aquatic habitats; rivers from source to estuary, canals, ponds, lakes and sea coasts. Guidance in preparing specimens for subsequent identification is provided. These samples provide representative data on relative species abundance, suitable for numerical analysis, classification and monitoring of environmental conditions.

This document defines methods for sampling fish and procedures for selection of methods in order to evaluate fish populations in rivers, lakes and transitional waters. A selected literature with references in support of this document is given in the bibliography. This document refers to the standards "Water quality - Sampling of fish with electricity" (EN 14011) and "Water quality - Sampling of fish with multi-mesh gillnets" (EN 14757).

This document defines methods for sampling fish and procedures for selection of methods in order to evaluate fish populations in rivers, lakes and transitional waters. A selected literature with references in support of this document is given in the bibliography. This document refers to the standards "Water quality - Sampling of fish with electricity" (EN 14011) and "Water quality - Sampling of fish with multi-mesh gillnets" (EN 14757).

This standard will provide a technique for determination of the strain-to-fracture of coatings deposited on a wide variety of substrates. Additionally, it will  under certain circumstances provide data on coating adhesion.

This future standard will specify a method for the determination of phthalates in water after solid phase extraction and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. The method is applicable to the determination of phthalates (a list of common phthalates is included in CD 18856) in ground water, surface water, waste water and drinking water in mass concentrations between 0,02 µg/l and 0,150 µg/l, depending on the individual substance. The applicability of the method to other phthalates not given in the table is not excluded, but shall be verified in each case.