ASTM D323-06
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)
Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Vapor pressure is an important physical property of volatile liquids. This test method is used to determine the vapor pressure at 37.8°C (100°F) of petroleum products and crude oils with initial boiling point above 0°C (32°F).
Vapor pressure is critically important for both automotive and aviation gasolines, affecting starting, warm-up, and tendency to vapor lock with high operating temperatures or high altitudes. Maximum vapor pressure limits for gasoline are legally mandated in some areas as a measure of air pollution control.
Vapor pressure of crude oils is of importance to the crude producer and the refiner for general handling and initial refinery treatment.
Vapor pressure is also used as an indirect measure of the evaporation rate of volatile petroleum solvents.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of vapor pressure (see Note 0) of gasoline, volatile crude oil, and other volatile petroleum products.
1.2 Procedure A is applicable to gasoline and other petroleum products with a vapor pressure of less than 180 kPa (26 psi).
1.3 Procedure B may also be applicable to these other materials, but only gasoline was included in the interlaboratory test program to determine the precision of this test method.
1.4 Procedure C is for materials with a vapor pressure of greater than 180 kPa (26 psi).
1.5 Procedure D for aviation gasoline with a vapor pressure of approximately 50 kPa (7 psi).Note 0
Because the external atmospheric pressure is counteracted by the atmospheric pressure initially present in the vapor chamber, the Reid vapor pressure is an absolute pressure at 37.8°C (100°F) in kilopascals (pounds-force per square inch). The Reid vapor pressure differs from the true vapor pressure of the sample due to some small sample vaporization and the presence of water vapor and air in the confined space.
1.6 This test method is not applicable to liquefied petroleum gases or fuels containing oxygenated compounds other than methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE). For determination of the vapor pressure of liquefied petroleum gases, refer to Test Method D 1267 or Test Method D 6897. For determination of the vapor pressure of gasoline-oxygenate blends, refer to Test Method D 4953. The precision for crude oil has not been determined since the early 1950s (see Note 0). Test Method D 6377 has been approved as a method for determination of vapor pressure of crude oil. IP 481 is a test method for determination of the air-saturated vapor pressure of crude oil.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Sections and , and , , , , , and .
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Standards Content (Sample)
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An American National Standard
Designation: D 323 – 06
Standard Test Method for
1
Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 323; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determina-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning
tion of vapor pressure (see Note 1) of gasoline, volatile crude
statements are given in Sections 7 and 18, and 12.5.3, 15.5,
oil, and other volatile petroleum products.
21.2, A1.1.2, A1.1.6, and A2.3.
1.2 Procedure A is applicable to gasoline and other petro-
leum products with a vapor pressure of less than 180 kPa (26
2. Referenced Documents
psi).
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.3 Procedure B may also be applicable to these other
D 1267 Test Method for Gage Vapor Pressure of Liquefied
materials, but only gasoline was included in the interlaboratory
Petroleum (LP) Gases (LP-Gas Method)
test program to determine the precision of this test method.
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
1.4 Procedure C is for materials with a vapor pressure of
Petroleum Products
greater than 180 kPa (26 psi).
D 4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
1.5 Procedure D for aviation gasoline with a vapor pressure
Products, and Lubricants
of approximately 50 kPa (7 psi).
D 4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and
NOTE 1—Because the external atmospheric pressure is counteracted by
Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
the atmospheric pressure initially present in the vapor chamber, the Reid
D 6377 TestMethodforDeterminationofVaporPressureof
vapor pressure is an absolute pressure at 37.8°C (100°F) in kilopascals
Crude Oil: VPCR (Expansion Method)
x
(pounds-force per square inch). The Reid vapor pressure differs from the
D 6897 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Liquefied Petro-
true vapor pressure of the sample due to some small sample vaporization
leum Gases (LPG) (Expansion Method)
and the presence of water vapor and air in the confined space.
E1 Specification forASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
1.6 This test method is not applicable to liquefied petroleum
2.2 Energy Institute Standards:
gases or fuels containing oxygenated compounds other than
IP 481 Test Method for Determination of the Air Saturated
methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE). For determination of the vapor
3
Vapour Pressure (ASVP) of Crude Oil
pressure of liquefied petroleum gases, refer to Test Method
D 1267 orTest Method D 6897. For determination of the vapor
3. Terminology
pressure of gasoline-oxygenate blends, refer to Test Method
3.1 Definitions:
D 4953. The precision for crude oil has not been determined
3.1.1 Bourdon spring gauge, n—pressure measuring device
since the early 1950s (see Note 3). Test Method D 6377 has
that employs a Bourdon tube connected to an indicator.
been approved as a method for determination of vapor pressure
3.1.2 Bourdon tube, n—flattened metal tube bent to a curve
of crude oil. IP 481 is a test method for determination of the
that straightens under internal pressure.
air-saturated vapor pressure of crude oil.
3.1.3 gasoline-oxygenate blend, n—spark-ignition engine
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
fuel consisting primarily of gasoline with one or more oxygen-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
ates.
only.
3.1.4 oxygenate, n—oxygen-containing ashless organic
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
compound, such as an alcohol or ether, which may be used as
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D02.08 on Volatility. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2006. Published August 2006. Originally Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,
approved in 1930. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 323–99a. U.K., http://www.energyinst.org.uk.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
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