ASTM D6857/D6857M-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Asphalt Mixtures Using Automatic Vacuum Sealing Method
Standard Test Method for Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Asphalt Mixtures Using Automatic Vacuum Sealing Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The maximum specific gravities and densities of asphalt mixtures are intrinsic properties whose values are influenced by the composition of the mixture in terms of types and amounts of aggregates and asphalt materials.
5.1.1 They are used to calculate values for percent air voids in compacted asphalt mixtures.
5.1.2 They provide target values for the compaction of asphalt mixtures.
5.1.3 They are essential when calculating the amount of asphalt binder absorbed by the internal porosity of the individual aggregate particles in an asphalt mixture.
Note 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of maximum specific gravity and density of uncompacted asphalt mixtures at 25 °C [77 °F].
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6857/D6857M − 23
Standard Test Method for
Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Asphalt Mixtures
1
Using Automatic Vacuum Sealing Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6857/D6857M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agen-
cies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
1.1 This test method covers the determination of maximum
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
specific gravity and density of uncompacted asphalt mixtures at
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
25 °C [77 °F].
Construction Materials Testing
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
E1547 Terminology Relating to Industrial and Specialty
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
Chemicals
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
with the standard.
3. Terminology
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
3.1 The terms ‘specific gravity’ and ‘density’ used in this
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
test method are in accordance with the Terminology E1547.
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
3.2 Definitions:
as requirements of the standard.
3.2.1 density—as determined by this test method, the mass
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of a cubic meter of the material at 25 °C in SI units, or the mass
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of a cubic foot of the material at 77 °F in inch-pound units.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.2 residual pressure—as employed by this test method,
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
the pressure in a vacuum chamber when vacuum is applied.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.3 specific gravity—as determined by this test method,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
the ratio of a given mass of material at 25 °C [77 °F] to the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
mass of an equal volume of water at the same temperature.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4. Summary of Test Method
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 A weighed sample of oven-dried asphalt mixture in the
loose condition at room temperature is placed inside a specially
2. Referenced Documents
designed channel bag. The bag containing the sample is placed
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
inside another bag and placed inside a vacuum chamber. Air is
D979/D979M Practice for Sampling Asphalt Mixtures
evacuated from the sample to an absolute pressure of 6.0 mm
D2041/D2041M Test Method for Theoretical Maximum
Hg [6 Torr] and is automatically sealed. The bags containing
Specific Gravity and Density of Asphalt Mixtures
the sample are removed from the vacuum chamber and placed
inside a large water tank equipped with scales for weighing the
sample underwater. While completely submerged, the bag is
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
cut open by scissors to allow the water to enter the bag. Since
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.21 on
the sample is under complete vacuum, water will be forced
Specific Gravity and Density of Asphalt Mixtures.
around all the accessible areas of the sample. The difference in
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2023. Published December 2023. Originally
weight in air and suspended weight in water will provide the
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D6857/D6857M – 18.
DOI: 10.1520/D6857_D6857M-23.
sample volume after correcting for the bag influence. The dry
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
weight and the volume can be used to calculate the maximum
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
specific gravity of the sample. This method is a rapid technique
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summa
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6857/D6857M − 18 D6857/D6857M − 23
Standard Test Method for
Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Asphalt Mixtures
1
Using Automatic Vacuum Sealing Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6857/D6857M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of maximum specific gravity and density of uncompacted asphalt mixtures at 25 °C
[77 °F].
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
D979/D979M Practice for Sampling Asphalt Mixtures
D2041/D2041M Test Method for Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Asphalt Mixtures
D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction
Materials Testing
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1547 Terminology Relating to Industrial and Specialty Chemicals
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.21 on Specific
Gravity and Density of Asphalt Mixtures.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 2018Nov. 1, 2023. Published August 2018December 2023. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20172018
as D6857/D6857M – 17.D6857/D6857M – 18. DOI: 10.1520/D6857_D6857M-18.10.1520/D6857_D6857M-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D6857/D6857M − 23
3. Terminology
3.1 The terms ‘specific gravity’ and ‘density’ used in this test method are in accordance with the Terminology E1547.
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 density—as determined by this test method, the mass of a cubic meter of the material at 25 °C in SI units, or the mass of
a cubic foot of the material at 77 °F in inch-pound units.
3.2.2 residual pressure—as employed by this test method, the pressure in a vacuum chamber when vacuum is applied.
3.2.3 specific gravity—as determined by this test method, the ratio of a given mass of material at 25 °C [77 °F] to the mass of an
equal volume of water at the same temperature.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A weighed sample of oven-dried asphalt mixture in the loose condition at room temperature is placed inside a specially
designed channel bag. The bag containing the sample is placed inside another bag and placed inside a vacuum chamber. Air is
evacuated from the sample to an absolute pressure of 6.0 mm Hg [6 Torr] and is automatically sealed. The bags containing the
sample are removed from the vacuum chamber and placed inside a large water tank equippe
...
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