ASTM E2598/E2598M-13

Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Examination of Cast Iron Yankee and Steam Heated Paper Dryers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Cast iron Yankee dryers can be up to 6.7 m [22 ft] in diameter, 7.3 m [24 ft] long, and weigh 91,000 Kg [100 tons], or more (refer to Fig. 1
FIG. 1 Yankee Dryer Drum). Vessel thickness measurements are available from the paper/tissue machine operator. Cast iron is a brittle metal and has no specific yield point. Yankee dryers must maintain specific dimensional tolerances. When a pressurized Yankee or steam heated paper dryer (SHPD) remains stationary, it fills with condensate at a rapid rate. In an hour, a steam pressurized Yankee or SHPD can fill half way with condensate, doubling the weight on the frame, and the floor. Some Yankee owners have corporate requirements that a cast iron Yankee dryer remain stationary for 1/2 hour, then rotation is required. Permission is required, if the Yankee is to remain stationary for more time. This issue should be discussed with the responsible person prior to the examination.  
5.2 Yankee dryers operate under a heated hood. The hood is in close proximity to the Yankee shell and allows only inches of clearance for the top half of the vessel.  
5.3 Cast iron steam heated paper machine dryers are 2 m [6 ft] in diameter, or more, and may be 9 m [30 ft] long.  
5.4 Grey cast iron experiences a continuing reduction in elastic modulus as it is stressed to increasing higher levels. It is prudent not to stress grey cast iron material beyond its operating stress level.  
5.5 Flaws to be found are the same as those in any cast and machined product. Attempts have been made to characterize strength properties of cast irons in compact tension tests. In a TAPPI sponsored laboratory study, two out of three cast iron compact tension specimens experienced unplanned failures. From that experience it was cautioned that cracks initiated and grew faster than expected resulting in brittle fracture before the process could be halted. The failure of these two coupons demonstrated the rate in which cracks can grow in these materials and the mat...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides guidelines for carrying out acoustic emission (AE) examinations of Yankee and Steam Heated Paper Dryers (SHPD) of the type to make tissue, paper, and paperboard products.  
1.2 This practice requires pressurization to levels used during normal operation. The pressurization medium may be high temperature steam, air, or gas. The dryer is also subjected to significant stresses during the heating up and cooling down periods of operation. Acoustic Emission data maybe collected during these time periods but this testing is beyond the scope of this document.  
1.3 The AE measurements are used to detect, as well as, localize emission sources. Other methods of nondestructive testing (NDT) may be used to further evaluate the significance of acoustic emission sources.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standards.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2012
• ICS: 17.140.20 - Noise emitted by machines and equipment
• ICS: 85.100 - Equipment for the paper industry
• Technical Committee: E07 - Nondestructive Testing
• Drafting Committee: E07.04 - Acoustic Emission Method

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2598/E2598M − 13
Standard Practice for
Acoustic Emission Examination of Cast Iron Yankee and
1
Steam Heated Paper Dryers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2598/E2598M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Pressure-Containing Parts for Temperatures Up to 650°F
(350°C)
1.1 This practice provides guidelines for carrying out acous-
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive
tic emission (AE) examinations of Yankee and Steam Heated
Testing
Paper Dryers (SHPD) of the type to make tissue, paper, and
E569 Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Struc-
paperboard products.
tures During Controlled Stimulation
1.2 This practice requires pressurization to levels used
E650 Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission
during normal operation. The pressurization medium may be
Sensors
high temperature steam, air, or gas. The dryer is also subjected
E976 Guide for Determining the Reproducibility of Acoustic
to significant stresses during the heating up and cooling down
Emission Sensor Response
periods of operation. Acoustic Emission data maybe collected
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
during these time periods but this testing is beyond the scope
E2374 Guide for Acoustic Emission System Performance
of this document.
Verification
3
1.3 The AE measurements are used to detect, as well as,
2.2 ASNT Standards:
localize emission sources. Other methods of nondestructive
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive
testing (NDT) may be used to further evaluate the significance
Testing Personnel
of acoustic emission sources.
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certifi-
cation of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in
3. Terminology
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.1 Definitions—See Terminology E1316 for general termi-
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
nology applicable to this practice.
with the standards.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Practice
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Each mounted sensor, on the cast iron vessel, monitors
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
while the vessel is stationary and pressurized to normal
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
operating pressure. The vessel may be at ambient, or operating
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
120°C-230°C [250°F-450°F] temperature.
4.2 Each mounted AE sensor is connected to an acoustic
2. Referenced Documents
emission signal processor. After a monitoring period (up to 10
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
minutes) and pre-examination sensor sensitivity checks, pres-
A278/A278M Specification for Gray Iron Castings for
surization can begin.
4.3 Location
1
4.3.1 Zone Location—Each channel shall have the same
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 on
system examination threshold. A simulated AE source gener-
Acoustic Emission Method.
ated anywhere on the vessel shall be detected by at least one
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2013. Published January 2013. Originally
sensor.
approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E2598 - 07. DOI:
10.1520/E2598_E2598-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box
the ASTM website. 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2598/E2598M − 13
4.3.2 Source Location—All location data resulting from begins to grow. In each case, crack advance was extremely
4
analysis shall be presented in a manner consistent with the rapid and without warning.
previously established calibration accuracy. The simulated AE
4.12 Maximum Examination Pressure—Maximum Allow-
source generated in each structure mounted sensor array shall
able Working Pressure for cas
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2598 − 07 E2598/E2598M − 13
Standard Practice for
Acoustic Emission Examination of Cast Iron Yankee and
1
Steam Heated Paper Dryers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2598;E2598/E2598M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice provides guidelines for carrying out acoustic emission (AE) examinations of Yankee and Steam Heated Paper
Dryers (SHPD) of the type to make tissue, paper, and paperboard products.
1.2 This practice requires pressurization to levels used during normal operation. The pressurization medium may be high
temperature steam, air, or gas. The dryer is also subjected to significant stresses during the heating up and cooling down periods
of operation. Acoustic Emission data maybe collected during these time periods but this testing is beyond the scope of this
document.
1.3 The AE measurements are used to detect, as well as, localize emission sources. Other methods of nondestructive testing
(NDT) may be used to further evaluate the significance of acoustic emission sources.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standards.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A278/A278M Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Pressure-Containing Parts for Temperatures Up to 650°F (350°C)
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E569 Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Structures During Controlled Stimulation
E650 Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission Sensors
E976 Guide for Determining the Reproducibility of Acoustic Emission Sensor Response
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E2374 Guide for Acoustic Emission System Performance Verification
3
2.2 ASNT Standards:
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive Testing Personnel
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—See Terminology E1316 for general terminology applicable to this practice.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 Each mounted sensor, on the cast iron vessel, monitors while the vessel is stationary and pressurized to normal operating
pressure. The vessel may be at ambient, or operating (250°F-450°F) 120°C-230°C [250°F-450°F] temperature.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 on Acoustic Emission
Method.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007Jan. 1, 2013. Published January 2008January 2013. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E2598
- 07. DOI: 10.1520/E2598-07.10.1520/E2598_E2598-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2598/E2598M − 13
4.2 Each mounted AE sensor is connected to an acoustic emission signal processor. After a monitoring period (up to 10 minutes)
and pre-examination sensor sensitivity checks, pressurization can begin.
4.3 Location
4.3.1 Zone Location—Each channel shall have the same system examination threshold. A simulated AE source generated
anywhere on the vessel shall be detected by at least one sensor.
4.3.2 Source Location—All location data resulting from analysis sh
...