ASTM B351/B351M-13(2023)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Hot-Rolled and Cold-Finished Zirconium and Zirconium Alloy Bars, Rod, and Wire for Nuclear Application
Standard Specification for Hot-Rolled and Cold-Finished Zirconium and Zirconium Alloy Bars, Rod, and Wire for Nuclear Application
ABSTRACT
This specification covers UNS R60001, R60802, R60804, and R60901 wrought zirconium and zirconium alloy bars, rods, and wires. All material grades covered should conform to the required chemical composition requirements. Elements that are intentionally added to the melt should be identified, analyzed and reported in the chemical analysis. The zirconium and zirconium alloys should be made from ingots produced by vacuum or plasma arc melting, vacuum electron-beam melting, a combination of the three methods, or other melting processes conventionally used for reactive metals. All processes should be performed in furnaces specifically for reactive metals. Mill products included in this specification should be formed with conventional extrusion, forging, or rolling equipment that is used in primary ferrous and nonferrous plants. The cold worked and annealed materials should be in fully annealed condition unless otherwise specified. Hot worked shapes should be furnished in not descaled, mechanically descaled, or mechanically descaled and pickled finish, while cold-worked shapes should be furnished in cold-worked, ground, or pickled finish.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers four grades of wrought zirconium and zirconium alloy bars, rod, and wire as follows:
1.1.1 R60001—Unalloyed grade,
1.1.2 R60802—Zirconium-Tin alloy (Zircaloy 2),
1.1.3 R60804—Zirconium-Tin alloy (Zircaloy 4), and
1.1.4 R60901—Zirconium-Niobium alloy.
1.2 Unless a single unit is used, for example corrosion mass gain in mg/dm2, the values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other. SI values cannot be mixed with inch-pound values.
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portions of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: B351/B351M − 13 (Reapproved 2023) Used in USDOE-NE standards
Standard Specification for
Hot-Rolled and Cold-Finished Zirconium and Zirconium
Alloy Bars, Rod, and Wire for Nuclear Application
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B351/B351M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E21 Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests of
Metallic Materials
1.1 This specification covers four grades of wrought zirco-
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
nium and zirconium alloy bars, rod, and wire as follows:
Determine Conformance with Specifications
1.1.1 R60001—Unalloyed grade,
E114 Practice for Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Straight-Beam
1.1.2 R60802—Zirconium-Tin alloy (Zircaloy 2),
Contact Testing
1.1.3 R60804—Zirconium-Tin alloy (Zircaloy 4), and
E214 Practice for Immersed Ultrasonic Testing by the Re-
1.1.4 R60901—Zirconium-Niobium alloy.
flection Method Using Pulsed Longitudinal Waves (With-
1.2 Unless a single unit is used, for example corrosion mass 3
drawn 2007)
gain in mg/dm , the values stated in either inch-pound or SI
G2/G2M Test Method for Corrosion Testing of Products of
units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values
Zirconium, Hafnium, and Their Alloys in Water at 680°F
stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore each
(360°C) or in Steam at 750°F (400°C)
system must be used independently of the other. SI values
cannot be mixed with inch-pound values.
3. Terminology
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
test method portions of this specification. This standard does
3.1.1 annealed, n—denotes material that exhibits a recrys-
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
tallized grain structure.
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
3.2 Lot Definition:
standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environ-
3.2.1 lot, n—material of the same size, shape, condition, and
mental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
finish produced from the same ingot or powder blend by the
limitations prior to use.
same reduction schedule and the same heat treatment param-
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
eters. Unless otherwise agreed between manufacturer and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
purchaser, a lot shall be limited to the product of a 12 h period
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
for final continuous anneal, or to a single furnace load for final
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
batch anneal.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.3 Forms Definitions:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.3.1 bar, n:
2. Referenced Documents
3.3.1.1 rounds, squares and hexagons, n— ⁄8 in. [9.5 mm]
2.1 ASTM Standards: and over in diameter or size.
B350/B350M Specification for Zirconium and Zirconium 1
3.3.1.2 flats, n— ⁄4 in. to 10 in. [6.4 mm to 250 mm]
Alloy Ingots for Nuclear Application 1
inclusive in width and ⁄8 in. [3.2 mm] and over in thickness.
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma- 1 3
Thickness ⁄8 in. [3.2 mm] to under ⁄16 in. [4.8 mm] can be
terials
cold-rolled strip as well as bar.
3.3.2 rod, n—rounds in coils for subsequent reworking
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 on
1 3
⁄4 in. to ⁄4 in. [6.4 mm to 19 mm] in diameter.
Reactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee B10.02 on Zirconium and Hafnium.
3.3.3 wire, n—material less than ⁄8 in. [9.5 mm] in diameter
Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Published May 2023. Originally
or size, in round, hexagonal, or octagonal cross section,
approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as B351/B351M – 13
furnished in coils or on spools or reels.
(2018). DOI: 10.1520/B0351_B0351M-13R23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B351/B351M − 13 (2023)
4. Ordering Information 5. Materials and Manufacture
4.1 Orders for materials under this specification shall in-
5.1 Material covered by this specification shall be made
clude the following information as applicable:
from ingots that conform to Specification B350/B350M and
4.1.1 Grade (see Section 1),
that are produced by vacuum or plasma arc melting, vacuum
4.1.2 Dimensions and form (see 3.3),
electron-beam melting, a combination of these three methods
4.1.3 Chemical analysis of elements not listed (see 6.1.3),
or other melting processes conventionally used for reactive
4.1.4 Product analysis (see 6.1.1.1),
metals. All processes to be done in furnaces usually used for
4.1.5 Tensile test temperatures (7.1),
reactive metals.
4.1.6 Material finish (Section 12),
5.2 The various mill products covered by this specification
4.1.7 Metallurgical condition (see 8.1 and 8.2),
shall be formed with the conventional extrusion, forging, or
4.1.8 Ultrasonic test standard hole size (see 9.2.2),
rolling equipment normally found in primary ferrous and
4.1.9 Additional ultrasonic tests (see 9.2.4),
nonferrous plants.
4.1.10 Workmanship standards and methods of inspection
(Section 13),
6. Chemical Composition
4.1.11 Product marking (Section 19), and
4.1.12 Packaging and package marking (Section 20).
6.1 The grades of zirconium and zirconium alloy metal
covered by this specification shall conform to the chemical
4.2 In addition to the data specified in 4.1, the following
composition requirements prescribed in Table 1.
options and points of agreement between the manufacturer and
6.1.1 The elements listed in Table 1 are intentional alloy
the purchaser should be specified on the purchase order as
additions or elements that are inherent to the manufacture of
required:
sponge, ingot or mill product.
4.2.1 Tolerances (Section 11),
4.2.2 Workmanship standards (Section 13), 6.1.1.1 Elements other than those listed in Table 1 are
4.2.3 Special tests (Section 9), deemed to be capable of occurring in the grades listed in Table
4.2.4 Inspection (Section 16), 1 by and only by way of unregulated or unanalyzed scrap
4.2.5 Corrosion visual standards (9.1.2), and additions to the ingot melt. Therefore, product analysis for
4.2.6 Oxygen limits (see footnote A, Table 1). elements not listed in Table 1 shall not be required unless
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, Weight %
Element
UNS R60001 UNS R60802 UNS R60804 UNS R60901
Tin . . . 1.20–1.70 1.20–1.70 . . .
Iron . . . 0.07–0.20 0.18–0.24 . . .
Chromium . . . 0.05–0.15 0.07–0.13 . . .
Nickel . . . 0.03–0.08 . . . . . .
Niobium (columbium) . . . . . . . . . 2.40–2.80
A A A
Oxygen 0.09–0.15
Iron + chromium + nickel . . . 0.18–0.38 . . . . . .
Iron + chromium . . . . . . 0.28–0.37 . . .
Maximum Impurities, Weight %
Aluminum 0.0075 0.0075 0.0075 0.0075
Boron 0.00005 0.00005 0.00005 0.00005
Cadmium 0.00005 0.00005 0.00005 0.00005
Calcium . 0.0030 0.0030 .
Carbon 0.027 0.027 0.027 0.027
Chromium 0.020 . . . . . . 0.020
Cobalt 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020
Copper 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050
Hafnium 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010
Hydrogen 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025
Iron 0.150 . . . . . . 0.150
Magnesium 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020
Manganese 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050
Molybdenum 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050
Nickel 0.0070 . . . 0.0070 0.0070
Niobium . 0.0100 0.0100 .
Nitrogen 0.0080 0.0080 0.0080 0.0080
Phosphorus . . . . . . . . . 0.0020
Silicon 0.0120 0.0120 0.0120 0.0120
Tin 0.0050 . . . . . . 0.010
Tungsten 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010
Titanium 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050
Uranium (total) 0.00035 0.00035 0.00035 0.00035
A
When so specified in the purchase order, oxygen shall be determined and reported. Maximum, minimum, or both, permissible values should be specified in the purchase
order.
B351/B351M − 13 (2023)
specified in the purchase order and shall be considered to be in worked and annealed material shall be as agreed upon between
excess of the intent of this specification. the purchaser and manufacturer at the time of purchase.
6.1.2 Elements intentionally added to the melt must be
8.2 Grade R60901 in sizes under 1 in. [25 mm] in minimum
identified, analyzed, and reported in the chemical analysis.
dimension furnished under this specification shall be in the
6.1.3 When agreed upon by producer and purchaser and
cold-worked condition unless otherwise specified. Sizes 1 in.
requested by the purchaser in his written purchase order,
[25 mm] and over in minimum dimension shall be furnished in
chemical analysis shall be completed for specific residual
the annealed condition unless otherwise specified.
elements not listed in this specification.
8.3 Other conditions, such as cold-worked or stress-
6.2 The manufacturer’s ingot analysis shall be considered
relieved, can be specified as agreed upon between the pur-
the chemical analysis, except for hydrogen, oxygen, and
chaser and the manufacturer at the time of purchase.
nitrogen content, which shall be determined on the finished
product. Alternatively, the manufacturer may sample an inter-
9. Special Requirements
mediate or final size during processing with the same fre-
9.1 Corrosion Properties:
quency and in the same positions relative to the ingot, as
9.1.1 The product shall be corrosion resistant when tested in
specified in Specification B350/B350M, to determine the
accordance with 15.2.4 and shall meet the criterion in 9.1.2.
composition, except for hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, which
9.1.2 Acceptance Criterion:
shall be determined on the finished product.
9.1.2.1 Grades R60802 and R60804—All coupons thus
6.3 Check Analysis:
tested shall exhibit a continuous, black, lustrous oxide film and
6.3.1 Check analysis is an analysis made by the purchaser or
be free of white or brown corrosion product in excess of
the manufacturer of the metal after it has been processed into
standards previously agreed upon between manufacturer and
finished mill forms, and is either for the purpose of verifying
purchaser. Coupons shall exhibit a weight gain of not more
the composition of a heat or lot or to determine variations in the 2 2
than 22 mg/dm in a 72 h test or 38 mg/dm in a 336 h test.
composition within a heat or lot.
9.1.2.2 Grade R60901—All coupons shall exhibit a
6.3.2 Check analysis limits shall be as specified in Table 2.
continuous, uniform, dark gray oxide film. Coupons shall
6.3.3 Check analysis tolerances do not broaden the specified 2
exhibit a weight gain of not more than 35 mg/dm in a 72 h test
heat analysis requirements but cover variations between labo- 2
or 60 mg/dm in a 336 h test.
ratories in the measurement of chemical content.
9.2 Ultrasonic Inspection:
6.3.4 The manufacturer shall not ship material that is
9.2.1 In lieu of the ultrasonic test of the ingot as specified in
outside the limits specified in Table 1 for the applicable grade.
Specification B350/B350M, the manufacturer may alterna-
tively perform ultrasonic inspection at an intermediate size in
7. Mechanical Properties
accordance with Practices E114 and E214, with the approval of
7.1 The material, as represented by the test specimens, shall
the purchaser.
conform to the tensile properties prescribed in Table 3 when
9.2.2 Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, the ref-
tested at ambient temperature. Elevated temperature properties
erence standard shall consist of a 0.06 in. [1.5 mm] flat bottom
shall be used to determine compliance only when specified in
hole drilled perpendicular to the longitudinal product axis to a
the purchase order.
depth of 0.5 in. [13 mm].
7.2 Requirements for mechanical properties do not apply to
9.2.3 Any defect reflections greater than the indication from
wire.
the reference standard should be rejected.
9.2.4 Additional tests may be specified in the purchase
8. Metallurgical Properties
order. The test method and standards shall be agreed upon in
8.1 Unless otherwise stated in the purchase order, the cold
advance between manufacturer and purchaser.
worked and annealed materials supplied under these specifica-
tions shall be in the fully annealed condition, that is, at least
10. Significance of Numerical Limits
90 % recrystallized. The percent recrystallization of hot
10.1 For the purpose of determining compliance with the
specified limits for requirements of the properties listed in the
TABLE 2 Permissible Variations in Product Analysis following table, an observed value or a calculated value shall
be rounded as indicated in accordance with the rounding
Permissible Variation from the
Alloying Elements
Specified Range (Table 1), %
methods of Practice E29.
Tin 0.050
Property Rounded Unit for Observed
Iron 0.020
or Calculated Value
Chromium 0.010
Chemical composition, and tolerances nearest unit in the last right-hand place
Nickel 0.010
(when expressed as decimals) of figures of the specified limit
Iron + chromium 0.020
Tensile strength and yield strength nearest 1000 psi [10 MPa]
Iron + chromium + nickel 0.020
Elongation nearest 1 %
Niobium 0.050
Oxygen 0.020
11. Permissible Variations in Dimensions
Each Impurity Element 20 ppm or 20 % of the specified
11.1 Table 4, Permissible variations in sectional dimensions
limit, whichever is smaller
for hot-worked bars in rounds and squares.
B351/B351M − 13 (2023)
TABLE 3 Mechanical Properties of Annealed Material, Tested in the Longitudinal Direction
Yield Strength
Tensile Strength, Elongation in 2 in.
Grade Condition Temperature (0.2 % offset), min
A
min ksi [MPa] or 50 mm, min %
ksi [MPa]
B
R60001 annealed RT 42 [290] 20 [140] 18
R60802 annealed RT 60 [415] 35 [240] 14
R60802 annealed 600 °F [316 °C] 31 [215] 15 [105] 24
R60804 annealed RT 60 [415] 35 [240] 14
R60804 annealed 600 °F [316 °C] 31 [215] 15 [105] 24
R60901 cold worked RT 74 [510] 50 [345] 10
R60901 annealed RT 65 [450] 45 [310] 15
A
When a sub-size specimen is used, the gauge length shall be as specified in Test Methods E8/E8M
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