ASTM D7760-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Materials Derived from Scrap Tires Using a Rigid Wall Permeameter
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Materials Derived from Scrap Tires Using a Rigid Wall Permeameter
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used to measure one-dimensional vertical flow of water through initially saturated samples of materials derived from scrap tires under an applied hydraulic gradient. Hydraulic conductivity is required in various civil engineering applications of scrap tires.
4.2 Samples are to be tested at a unit weight and under an overburden pressure representative of field conditions. Data from the literature indicate a reduction in hydraulic conductivity with increasing vertical pressure (1).
4.3 Use of a dual-ring permeameter is included in this test method in addition to a single-ring permeameter. The dual-ring permeameter allows for minimizing potential adverse effects of sidewall leakage on measured hydraulic conductivity of the test specimens. The use of a bottom plate with an inner ring with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the permeameter and two outflow ports (one from the inner ring, one from the annular space between the inner ring and the permeameter) allows for separating the flow from the central part of the test specimen from the flow near the sidewall of the permeameter.
4.4 Darcy's law is assumed to be valid, flow is assumed to be laminar (Reynolds number less than approximately 2000–3000), and the hydraulic conductivity is assumed to be essentially independent of hydraulic gradient. The validity of Darcy's law may be evaluated by measuring the hydraulic conductivity of a specimen at three hydraulic gradients. The discharge velocity (v = k × i) is plotted against the applied hydraulic gradient. If the resulting relationship is linear and the measured hydraulic conductivity values are similar (i.e., within 25 %), then Darcy’s law may be taken as valid.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent of the competence of the personnel using this standard and the suitability of the equipment and facilities. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competen...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers laboratory measurement of the hydraulic conductivity (also referred to as coefficient of permeability) of water-saturated samples obtained from materials derived from scrap tires using a rigid-wall permeameter. The scrap tire materials covered in this method include tire chips, tire shreds, and tire derived aggregate (TDA) as described in Practice D6270 with particle sizes ranging from approximately 12 to 305 mm. Whole scrap tires are not included in this standard. A clear trend between hydraulic conductivity and shred size has not been established at a given vertical pressure for shreds ≥50 mm (1).2
1.2 A single- or dual-ring permeameter may be used in the tests. A dual-ring permeameter may be preferred over a single-ring permeameter to take into account and prevent short-circuiting of permeant along the sidewalls of the permeameter. The effects of sidewall flow is more significant at high stresses and when the cell diameter is less than 6 times the particle size (1).
1.3 The test method is used under constant head conditions.
1.4 Water is used as the permeant with the test method.
1.5 Test Method D2434 also can be used for determination of hydraulic conductivity of materials derived from scrap tires with sizes smaller than 19 mm under constant head conditions in a rigid-wall permeameter. Method D2434 includes the use of a permeameter with a single ring.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Hydraulic conductivity has traditionally been expressed in cm/s in the US, even though the official SI unit for hydraulic conductivity is m/s.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This int...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7760 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Materials Derived
1
from Scrap Tires Using a Rigid Wall Permeameter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7760; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1 This test method covers laboratory measurement of the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
hydraulic conductivity (also referred to as coeffıcient of per-
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
meability) of water-saturated samples obtained from materials
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
derived from scrap tires using a rigid-wall permeameter. The
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
scrap tire materials covered in this method include tire chips,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
tire shreds, and tire derived aggregate (TDA) as described in
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
PracticeD6270withparticlesizesrangingfromapproximately
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
12 to 305 mm. Whole scrap tires are not included in this
standard. A clear trend between hydraulic conductivity and
2. Referenced Documents
shred size has not been established at a given vertical pressure
2 3
for shreds ≥50 mm (1). 2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
1.2 A single- or dual-ring permeameter may be used in the
Fluids
tests. A dual-ring permeameter may be preferred over a
D2434Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils
single-ring permeameter to take into account and prevent
4
(Constant Head) (Withdrawn 2015)
short-circuiting of permeant along the sidewalls of the per-
D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
meameter. The effects of sidewall flow is more significant at
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
highstressesandwhenthecelldiameterislessthan6timesthe
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
particle size (1).
D4753Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
1.3 The test method is used under constant head conditions.
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
1.4 Water is used as the permeant with the test method. Construction Materials Testing
D6026Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
1.5 Test Method D2434 also can be used for determination
Data
of hydraulic conductivity of materials derived from scrap tires
D6270Practice for Use of Scrap Tires in Civil Engineering
with sizes smaller than 19 mm under constant head conditions
Applications
inarigid-wallpermeameter.MethodD2434includestheuseof
a permeameter with a single ring.
3. Terminology
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1 Definitions:
standard. Hydraulic conductivity has traditionally been ex-
3.1.1 Forcommondefinitionsoftermsinthisstandard,refer
pressed in cm/s in the US, even though the official SI unit for
to Terminology D653.
hydraulic conductivity is m/s.
3.1.2 For definitions of terms related to scrap tires, refer to
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Practice D6270.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.3 hydraulic conductivity, k—(also referred to as coeffı-
cient of permeability or permeability) the rate of discharge of
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.14 on Geotechnics of
3
Sustainable Construction. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2018. Published February 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2012. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D7760–12. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D7760–18. the ASTM website.
2 4
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
this standard. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7760 − 18
water under laminar flow conditions t
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7760 − 12 D7760 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Tire Derived
Aggregates Materials Derived from Scrap Tires Using a
1
Rigid Wall Permeameter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7760; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers laboratory measurement of the hydraulic conductivity (also referred to as coeffıcient of permeability)
of water-saturated tired derived aggregates (TDA) obtainedsamples obtained from materials derived from scrap tires using a
rigid-wall permeameter. The scrap tire materials covered in this method include tire chips, tire shreds, and tire derived aggregate
(TDA) as described in Practice D6270 with particle sizes ranging from approximately 12 to 305 mm. Whole scrap tires are not
included in this standard. A clear trend between hydraulic conductivity and shred size has not been established at a given vertical
2
pressure for shreds ≥50 mm (1).
1.2 A single- or dual-ring permeameter may be used in the tests. A dual-ring permeameter may be preferred over a single-ring
permeameter to take into account and prevent short-circuiting of permeant along the sidewalls of the permeameter. The effects of
sidewall flow is more significant at high stresses and when the cell diameter is less than 6 times the particle size (1).
1.3 The test method is used under constant head conditions.
1.4 Water is used as the permeant with the test method.
1.5 Test Method D2434 also can be used for determination of hydraulic conductivity of TDAs materials derived from scrap tires
with sizes smaller than 19 mm under constant head conditions in a rigid-wall permeameter. Method D2434 includes the use of a
permeameter with a single ring.
1.6 The standard units for the hydraulic conductivity values are the SI units, unless other units are specified. values stated in
SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Hydraulic conductivity has traditionally been expressed in cm/s in the U.S.,US, even
though the official SI unit for hydraulic conductivity is m/s.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
4
D2434 Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils (Constant Head) (Withdrawn 2015)
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.14 on Geotechnics of
Sustainable Construction.
Current edition approved June 1, 2012Jan. 1, 2018. Published August 2012February 2018. Originally approved in 2012. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as
D7760–12. DOI: 10.1520/D7760–1210.1520/D7760–18.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of this standard.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7760 − 18
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction
Materials Testing
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
D6270 Practice for Use
...
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