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ASTM A1049/A1049M-18(2023)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings, Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex), for Pressure Vessels and Related Components

Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings, Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex), for Pressure Vessels and Related Components

ABSTRACT
This specification covers ferritic/austenitic (duplex) stainless steel forgings for boilers, pressure vessels, and associated equipment. The steels shall be manufactured using melting and forging processes. Forgings may be machined before solution annealing. The forgings shall undergo tension and hardness tests. Also, they shall be subjected to a non-destructive examination by ultrasonic inspection.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers ferritic/austenitic (duplex) stainless steel forgings for boilers, pressure vessels, and associated equipment in grades that are also found in Specification A182/A182M.  
1.2 The purchaser may specify in the order or contract any appropriate supplementary requirements that are provided in Specification A788/A788M.  
1.3 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.  
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI (metric) units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text and tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
14-Mar-2023
ICS
77.140.20 - Stainless steels
Technical Committee
A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
Drafting Committee
A01.06 - Steel Forgings and Billets
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM A745/A745M-20 - Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Austenitic Steel Forgings
Effective Date
01-May-2020

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ASTM A1049/A1049M-18(2023) - Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings, Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex), for Pressure Vessels and Related ComponentsASTM A1049/A1049M-18(2023) - Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings, Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex), for Pressure Vessels and Related Components
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ASTM A1049/A1049M-18(2023) - Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings, Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex), for Pressure Vessels and Related Components
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A1049/A1049M − 18 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Specification for
Stainless Steel Forgings, Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex), for
1
Pressure Vessels and Related Components
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A1049/A1049M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope A388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel
Forgings
1.1 This specification covers ferritic/austenitic (duplex)
A745/A745M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Aus-
stainless steel forgings for boilers, pressure vessels, and asso-
tenitic Steel Forgings
ciated equipment in grades that are also found in Specification
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
A182/A182M.
quirements
1.2 The purchaser may specify in the order or contract any
A923 Test Methods for Detecting Detrimental Intermetallic
appropriate supplementary requirements that are provided in
Phase in Duplex Austenitic/Ferritic Stainless Steels
Specification A788/A788M.
E165/E165M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing for Gen-
eral Industry
1.3 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica-
tion designation the material shall be furnished to the inch- G48 Test Methods for Pitting and Crevice Corrosion Resis-
tance of Stainless Steels and Related Alloys by Use of
pound units.
Ferric Chloride Solution
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI (metric)
2.2 Other Standards:
units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text
3
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
and tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated
NACE MR0175/ISO15156 Petroleum and Natural Gas
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
Industries—Materials for Use in H S—Containing Envi-
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
2
4
ronments in Oil and Gas Production
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
with the specification.
3. Ordering Information and General Requirements
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which out-
lines additional ordering information, manufacturing
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical requirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures,
marking, certification, product analysis variations, and addi-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
tional supplementary requirements.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.1 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: with the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, the
requirements of this specification shall prevail.
A182/A182M Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and
Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves 3.1.2 The purchaser may require that the forging be ma-
chined to an approved heat treatment drawing indicating the
and Parts for High-Temperature Service
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing proposed configuration of the forging at the time of the
specified solution heat treatment.
of Steel Products
3.1.3 The purchaser may approve the use of an alternate
liquid quenching medium for cooling from the solution treat-
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
ment temperature.
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved March 15, 2023. Published April 2023. Originally
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as A1049/A1049M – 18.
3
DOI: 10.1520/A1049_A1049M-18R23. Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.asme.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from NACE International (NACE), 15835 Park Ten Place, Houston,
the ASTM website. TX 77084, http://www.nace.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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This specification covers hot-finished or cold-finished bars except bars for reforging. It includes rounds, squares, and hexagons, and hot-rolled or extruded shapes, such as angles, tees, and channels in the more commonly used types of stainless steels. The bars shall be furnished in one of the following conditions: Condition A in which the bars are annealed, Condition H in which the bars are hardened and tempered at a relative temperature, Condition T in which the bars are hardened and tempered at a relatively high temperature, Condition S in which the bars are strain hardened or relatively light cold worked, and Condition B in which the bars are relatively severe cold worked. The material shall be subjected to a mechanical test to determine its tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and Brinell hardness.
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1.1 This specification covers hot-finished or cold-finished bars except bars for reforging (Note 1). It includes rounds, squares, and hexagons, and hot-rolled or extruded shapes, such as angles, tees, and channels in the more commonly used types of stainless steels. The free-machining types (Note 2) for general corrosion resistance and high-temperature service are covered in a separate specification.  
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1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers the common requirements that shall apply to wrought steel piping fittings. The material shall consist of forgings, bars, plates, and seamless or welded tubular products. Ferritic steels shall be fully killed. Hollow cylindrically shaped parts up to and including NPS 4 may be machined from bar or seamless tubular material. Elbows, return bends, tees, and header tees shall not be machined directly from bar stock. The following procedures shall be done for heat treatment: full annealing, solution annealing, isothermal annealing, normalizing, tempering and post-weld heat treatment, stress relieving, and quench and temper. Chemical analysis, heat analysis, and product analysis shall also be done. The chemical requirements shall conform to the required compositions of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, columbium, titanium, aluminum, lead, and copper. The following tests shall be done for the mechanical requirements: tension, hardness, impact, and hydrostatic tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a group of common requirements that shall apply to wrought steel piping fittings covered in any of the following individual product specifications or any other ASTM specification that invokes this specification or portions thereof:    
Title of Specification  
ASTM
Designation  
Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought
Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and
High Temperature Service  
A234/A234M    
Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless
Steel Piping Fittings  
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1.2 In case of conflict between a requirement of the individual product specification and a requirement of this general requirement specification, the requirements of the individual product specification shall prevail over those of this specification.  
1.3 By mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, additional requirements may be specified (See 4.1.8). The acceptance of any such additional requirements shall be dependent on negotiations with the supplier and must be included in the order as agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier.  
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Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Heavy-Thickness Coils, Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Commercial, Drawing, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, and Ultra-High Strength

ABSTRACT
This specification covers standards for hot-rolled, heavy-thickness steel sheet and strip coils. The materials shall come in the following designations: (a) Commercial Steel (or CS) of Types A and B, and Standard Steel Designation; (b) Drawing Steel (DS) of Types A and B, and Standard Steel Designation; (c) Structural Steel (SS) of Grades 30[205], 33[230], 36[250] in Types 1 and 2, and 40[275]; (d) High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel (HSLAS) of Grades 45[310], 50[340], 55[380], 60[410], 65[450], and 70[480] in Classes 1 and 2; (e) High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel with Improved Formability (HSLAS-F) of Grades 50[340], 60[410], 70[480], and 80[550]; and (f) Ultra-High Strength Steel (UHSS) of Grades 90[620] and 100[690], Types 1 and 2. The strip and sheet coils shall conform to specified limit in width and thickness. Carbon, manganese, phosphorus, silicon, aluminum, silicon, copper, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, columbium, titanium, nitrogen, and boron contents shall be followed as specified by each designations, classes, types, and grades. Tension tests shall be performed. Materials shall adhere to yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation requirements. Guidelines for workmanship, finish, and appearance are given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers hot-rolled, heavy-thickness coils beyond the size limits of Specification A1011/A1011M.  
1.2 The product is available in six designations: Commercial Steel, Drawing Steel, Structural Steel, High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel, High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel with Improved Formability, and Ultra-High Strength Steel.  
1.3 This material is available only in coils described as follows:    
Product  
Size Limits, Coils Only  
Width, in. [mm]  
Thickness, in. [mm]  
Strip  
Over 8 to 12, incl
[Over 200 to 300]  
0.230 to 1.000, incl
[From 6.0 through 25]  
Sheet  
Over 12
[Over 300]  
0.230 to 1.000, incl
[From 6.0 through 25]
Note 1: The changes in width limits with the publication of A635/A635M – 06a result in a change in tensile testing direction for material from 0.180 in. [4.5 mm] to 0.230 in. exclusive [6.0 mm exclusive] over 48 in. [1200 mm] wide as that material is now covered by Specification A568/A568M – 06a. The purchaser is advised to discuss this change with the supplier.  
1.4 Sheet and strip in coils of sizes noted in 1.3 are covered by this specification only with the following provisions:  
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SCOPE
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1.3 This specification is not applicable to the steel covered by Specification A635/A635M.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
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1.1 This specification covers a group of common requirements that shall apply to steel flanges, forged fittings, valves, and parts for piping applications under any of the following individual product specifications:    
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1.2 In case of conflict between a requirement of the individual product specification and a requirement of this general requirement specification, the requirements of the individual product specification shall prevail over those of this specification.  
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1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text and the tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The inch-pound units shall apply, unless the “M” designation (SI) of the product specification is specified in the order.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM A666-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Annealed or Cold-Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Flat Bar

ABSTRACT
This specification covers austenitic stainless steels in the annealed and normally required cold-worked conditions. They shall be formed in different shapes such as sheets, strips, plates and flat bars. The steels shall adhere to specified chemical composition requirements. Mechanical properties such as yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, hardness, and bending shall be determined. The specimens shall be subjected to tension test, free-bend test, and controlled-bend or V-block test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers austenitic stainless steels in the annealed and normally required cold-worked conditions for various structural, pressure vessel, magnetic, cryogenic, and heat-resisting applications.  
1.2 The application of this specification, or the use of material covered by this specification does not automatically allow usage in pressure vessel applications. Only annealed conditions of grades specifically approved by the ASME code are permitted for pressure vessel use.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM A484/A484M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings

ABSTRACT
This specification covers general requirements that shall apply to wrought stainless steel bars, shapes, forgings, and billets or other semi-finished materials, except wire, for forging. The materials shall be furnished in one of the following conditions: (1) hot-worked; (2) hot-worked and annealed; (3) hot-worked, annealed and cold-worked; or (4) hot-worked, annealed, and heat-treated. Product analysis tolerances shall be performed wherein the specimens shall conform to the required chemical compositions of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, titanium, cobalt, columbium, tantalum, copper, aluminum, nitrogen, tungsten, vanadium, and selenium. The materials shall be heat treated and austenitic stainless steels and austenitic-ferritic grades shall be furnished in the solution annealed condition and shall conform to the required values of temperature, permitted annealing procedure, quenching, and rapid cooling.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers general requirements that shall apply to wrought stainless steel bars, shapes, forgings, and billets or other semi-finished material (except wire) for forging, under each of the following specifications issued by ASTM: Specifications A276/A276M, A314, A458, A477, A479/A479M, A564/A564M, A565/A565M, A582/A582M, A638/A638M, A705/A705M, and A831/A831M.  
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1.4 General requirements for flat-rolled stainless steel products other than bar are covered in Specification A480/A480M.  
1.5 General requirements for wire products in coils are covered in Specification A555/A555M.  
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.7 Unless the order specifies an “M” designation, the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Stainless Steel Wire and Welded Wire for Concrete Reinforcement

ABSTRACT
This specification covers stainless steel wire and welded wire reinforcements from hot-rolled stainless steel rod to be used as concrete reinforcement with corrosion resistant and magnetic permeability properties. The material shall be cold-worked, drawn or rolled, and plain or deformed. Materials shall adhere to deformation requirements. Tensile, yield, and weld shear strengths shall be measured. Bend tests shall also be performed. Dimensional requirements and permissible variations in width, length, weight, density, cross-sectional area, diameter, and average spacings of wires are specified. Guidelines for sampling, inspection, rejection, retest, certification, and packaging are given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers stainless steel wire and welded wire reinforcement produced from hot-rolled stainless steel rod. The stainless steel wire is cold-worked, drawn or rolled, plain (non-deformed) or deformed or a combination of deformed and plain. It is used as concrete reinforcement for applications requiring resistance to corrosion or controlled magnetic permeability, or both. Common wire sizes and dimensions are found in this specification. Actual wire sizes are not restricted to those shown in the tables.  
1.2 A supplementary requirement (S1) is provided and shall apply only when specified by the purchaser. In order to obtain a corrosion tested or controlled magnetic permeability product, steel conforming to Supplementary Requirement S1 should be ordered.  
1.3 The chemical composition of the steel (stainless alloy) shall be selected for suitability to the application involved by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, Specification A276 shall be used for chemical requirements. The UNS designations are to be included with the type number and noted in brackets. Examples of austenitic stainless steel designations are Type 304 [S30400], 304L [S30403], 316 [S31600], 316L [S31603], 316N [S31651], 316LN [S31653] and examples of duplex stainless steel designations are Type 2205 [S32205] and 329 [S32900].
Note 1: Only austenitic and duplex stainless steels are usually recommended for use as reinforcement in concrete because of their high corrosion resistance. Austenitic stainless steels have good general corrosion resistance, strength characteristics which can be improved by cold working, good toughness and ductility properties at low temperatures, and low magnetic permeability. Duplex stainless steels have generally a corrosion resistance greater than that of most austenitic steels and are magnetic. Other stainless steels with different chemical compositions than the series and types mentioned above, may be used for less restrictive applications.  
1.4 Wire for welded wire reinforcement is generally manufactured at 75 ksi [520 MPa] yield strength level. Other strength levels shall be by agreement between the purchaser and manufacturer.
Note 2: The term used to refer to yield strength levels are the same as those in ASTM Standards for welded wire reinforcement.  
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the specification.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A693-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Precipitation-Hardening Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip

ABSTRACT
This guide covers standard specification for precipitation-hardening stainless steel plate, sheet, and strip. The mechanical properties of these steels shall be developed by suitable low-temperature heat treatments or precipitation hardening. The steel shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, nickel, aluminum, molybdenum, titanium, copper, and other elements. Material of types other than Type UNS S46910 shall be furnished in solution-annealed condition while Type UNS S46910 shall be furnished in cold-worked condition. The steel shall conform to the required mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and hardness. Samples cut from the solution-annealed plate, sheet, or strip shall withstand cold bending without cracking on the outside of the bent portion. Samples cut from the solution-annealed plate, sheet, or strip shall conform to the specified mechanical properties when precipitation hardened.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers precipitation-hardening stainless steel plate, sheet, and strip. The mechanical properties of these steels are developed by suitable low-temperature heat treatments generally referred to as precipitation hardening.  
1.2 These steels are used for parts requiring corrosion resistance and high strength at room temperature or at temperatures up to 600 °F (315 °C). Some of these steels are particularly suitable for moderate to severe drawing and forming in the solution-treated condition. Others are capable of mild forming only. They are suitable for machining in the solution-annealed condition, after which they may be hardened to the mechanical properties specified in this standard without danger of cracking or distortion.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A952/A952M-02(2022)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Forged Grade 80 and Grade 100 Steel Lifting Components and Welded Attachment Links

ABSTRACT
This specification covers forged alloy steel lifting components and welded coupling and master links for Grade 80 and Grade 100 alloy chain slings. The steel materials shall be melt processed either by electric process or oxygen blown process. The steel shall be fully killed and shall conform to the required austenitic grain size. Product analysis shall be performed on and the steel specimens shall conform to the required chemical compositions of nickel, chromium, molybdenum, phosphorus and sulfur. Proof tests shall be performed and the materials shall conform to the required values of working load and breaking force. Deformation test, breaking force test and fatigue test shall be performed on the steel materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for forged alloy steel lifting components and welded coupling and master links for Grade 80 and Grade 100 alloy chain slings as described in Specification A906/A906M.  
1.2 Two grades of components and welded links are covered:  
1.2.1 Grade 80.  
1.2.2 Grade 100.  
1.3 This specification is a performance standard. Other standards apply to use of these products. Some of these standards are: OSHA 1910.184, ASME B30.9, and ASME B30.10.  
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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