ASTM E2001-13
(Guide)Standard Guide for Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy for Defect Detection in Both Metallic and Non-metallic Parts
Standard Guide for Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy for Defect Detection in Both Metallic and Non-metallic Parts
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The primary advantage of RUS is its ability of making numerous measurements in a single test. In addition, it can examine rough ground parts. It requires little sample preparation, no couplants, and generally will work with soiled items; however, it has no capability with soft materials. Soft metals, polymers, rubbers, and wood parts are not viable candidates for this technology.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes a procedure for detecting defects in metallic and non-metallic parts using the resonant ultrasound spectroscopy method. The procedure is intended for use with instruments capable of exciting and recording whole body resonant states within parts which exhibit acoustical or ultrasonic ringing. It is used to distinguish acceptable parts from those containing defects, such as cracks, voids, chips, density defects, tempering changes, and dimensional variations that are closely correlated with the parts' mechanical system dynamic response.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E2001 − 13
Standard Guide for
Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy for Defect Detection in
1
Both Metallic and Non-metallic Parts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2001; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 resonant ultrasonic spectroscopy (RUS), n—a nonde-
1.1 Thisguidedescribesaprocedurefordetectingdefectsin
structive examination method, which employs resonant ultra-
metallic and non-metallic parts using the resonant ultrasound
sound methodology for the detection and assessment of varia-
spectroscopy method. The procedure is intended for use with
tions and mechanical properties of a test object. In this
instruments capable of exciting and recording whole body
procedure, whereby a rigid part is caused to resonate, the
resonant states within parts which exhibit acoustical or ultra-
resonances are compared to a previously defined resonance
sonic ringing. It is used to distinguish acceptable parts from
pattern.Basedonthiscomparisonthepartisjudgedtobeeither
those containing defects, such as cracks, voids, chips, density
acceptable or unacceptable.
defects,temperingchanges,anddimensionalvariationsthatare
3.2.2 swept sine method, n—the use of an excitation source
closely correlated with the parts’ mechanical system dynamic
to create a transient vibration in a test object over a range of
response.
frequencies. Specifically, the input frequency is swept over a
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
range of frequencies and the output is characterized by a
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
resonant amplitude response spectrum.
standard.
3.2.3 impulse excitation method, n—striking an object with
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
a mechanical impact, or electromagnetic field (laser and/or
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
EMAT) causing multiple resonances to be simultaneously
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
stimulated.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.4 resonant inspection (RI), n—any induced resonant
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
nondestructive examination method employing an excitation
2. Referenced Documents force to create mechanical resonances for the purpose of
2
identifying a test object’s conformity to an established accept-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
able pattern.
E1316Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E1876Test Method for Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear
3
4. Summary of the Technology (1)
Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio by Impulse Excitation of
4.1 Introduction:
Vibration
4.1.1 In addition to its basic research applications in
E2534PracticeforProcessCompensatedResonanceTesting
physics, materials science, and geophysics, Resonant Ultra-
Via Swept Sine Input for Metallic and Non-Metallic Parts
sound Spectroscopy (RUS) has been used successfully as an
applied nondestructive testing tool. Resonant ultrasound spec-
3. Terminology
troscopy in commercial, nondestructive testing has a few
3.1 Definitions—Thedefinitionsoftermsrelatingtoconven-
recognizable names including, RUS Nondestructive Testing,
tional ultrasonics can be found in Terminology E1316.
Acoustic Resonance Spectroscopy (ARS), and Resonant In-
spection. Early references to this body of science often are
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestruc- termed the “swept sine method.” It was not until 1990 (2) that
tive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on Ultrasonic
the name Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy appeared, but the
Method.
two techniques are synonymous. Additionally, impulse
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2013. Published January 2014. Originally
methods, like the striking of a rail car wheel with a hammer,
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E2001-08. DOI:
10.1520/E2001-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof
the ASTM website. this guide.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2001 − 13
and listening for the responses, have been u
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2001 − 08 E2001 − 13
Standard Guide for
Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy for Defect Detection in
1
Both Metallic and Non-metallic Parts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2001; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This guide describes a procedure for detecting defects in metallic and non-metallic parts using the resonant ultrasound
spectroscopy method. The procedure is intended for use with instruments capable of exciting and recording whole body resonant
states within parts which exhibit acoustical or ultrasonic ringing. It is used to distinguish acceptable parts from those containing
defects, such as cracks, voids, chips, density defects, tempering changes, and dimensional variations that are closely correlated with
the parts’ mechanical system dynamic response.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E1876 Test Method for Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio by Impulse Excitation of Vibration
E2534 Practice for Process Compensated Resonance Testing Via Swept Sine Input for Metallic and Non-Metallic Parts
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—The definitions of terms relating to conventional ultrasonics can be found in Terminology E1316.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 resonant ultrasonic spectroscopy (RUS), n—a nondestructive examination method, which employs resonant ultrasound
methodology for the detection and assessment of variations and mechanical properties of a test object. In this procedure, whereby
a rigid part is caused to resonate, the resonances are compared to a previously defined resonance pattern. Based on this comparison
the part is judged to be either acceptable or unacceptable.
3.2.2 swept sine method, n—the use of an excitation source to create a transient vibration in a test object over a range of
frequencies. Specifically, the input frequency is swept over a range of frequencies and the output is characterized by a resonant
amplitude response spectrum.
3.2.3 impulse excitation method, n—striking an object with a mechanical impact, or electromagnetic field (laser and/or EMAT)
causing multiple resonances to be simultaneously stimulated.
3.2.4 resonant inspection (RI), n—any induced resonant nondestructive examination method employing an excitation force to
create mechanical resonances for the purpose of identifying a test object’s conformity to an established acceptable pattern.
3
4. Summary of the Technology (1)
4.1 Introduction:
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on Ultrasonic Method.
Current edition approved July 1, 2008Dec. 1, 2013. Published July 2008January 2014. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20032008 as
E2001 - 98E2001 - 08.(2003). DOI: 10.1520/E2001-08.10.1520/E2001-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this guide.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2001 − 13
4.1.1 In addition to its basic research applications in physics, materials science, and geophysics, Resonant Ultrasound
Spectroscopy (RUS) has been used successfully as an applied nondestructive testing tool. Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy in
commercial, nondestructive testing has a few recognizable names including, RUS Nondestructive Testing, Acousti
...
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