ASTM E1966-00
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Fire-Resistive Joint Systems
Standard Test Method for Fire-Resistive Joint Systems
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response test method measures the performance of joint systems designed to be used with fire rated floors and walls during a fire endurance test exposure. The fire endurance test end point is the period of time elapsing before the first performance criteria is reached when the joint system is subjected to one of two time-temperature fire exposures.
1.2 The fire exposure conditions used are either those specified by Test Method E119 for testing assemblies to standard time-temperature exposures or Test Method E1529 for testing assemblies to rapid-temperature rise fires.
1.3 This test method specifies the heating conditions, methods of test, and criteria for the evaluation of the ability of a joint system to maintain the fire resistance where hourly rated fire-separating elements meet.
1.4 Test results establish the performance of joint systems during the fire-exposure period and shall not be construed as having determined the joint systems suitability for use after that exposure.
1.5 This test method does not provide quantitative information about the joint system relative to the rate of leakage of smoke or gases or both. However, it requires that such phenomena be noted and reported when describing the general behavior of joint systems during the fire endurance test but is not part of the conditions of compliance.
1.6 Potentially important factors and fire characteristics not addressed by this test method include, but are not limited to:
1.6.1 The performance of the fire-resistive joint system constructed with components other than those tested.
1.6.2 The cyclic movement capabilities of joint systems other than the cycling conditions tested.
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.8 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E 1966 – 00 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Fire-Resistive Joint Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1966; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Joint systems are positioned in joints, voids, gaps, or other discontinuities between or bounded by
two or more supporting elements. Normally such openings are denoted as “linear” because the length
is greater than their width—defined by a typical ratio of at least 10:1 as in practice. Joints are present
in buildings as a result of:
(i) Design to accommodate various movements induced by thermal differentials, seismicity, and
wind loads and exist as a clearance separation.
(ii) Acceptable dimensional tolerances between two or more building elements, for example,
between non-loadbearing walls and floors.
(iii) Inadequate design, inaccurate assembly, repairs or damage to the building.
1. Scope constructed with components other than those tested.
1.6.2 The cyclic movement capabilities of joint systems
1.1 This fire-test-response test method measures the perfor-
other than the cycling conditions tested.
mance of joint systems designed to be used with fire rated
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
floors and walls during a fire endurance test exposure. The fire
as the standard. The SI values given in parentheses are for
endurance test end point is the period of time elapsing before
information only.
the first performance criteria is reached when the joint system
1.8 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
is subjected to one of two time-temperature fire exposures.
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
1.2 The fire exposure conditions used are either those
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
specified by Test Method E 119 for testing assemblies to
as requirements of the standard.
standard time-temperature exposures or Test Method E 1529
1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the
for testing assemblies to rapid-temperature rise fires.
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
1.3 This test method specifies the heating conditions, meth-
flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself
ods of test, and criteria for the evaluation of the ability of a
incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk
joint system to maintain the fire resistance where hourly rated
assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under
fire-separating elements meet.
actual fire conditions.
1.4 Test results establish the performance of joint systems
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the
during the fire-exposure period and shall not be construed as
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
having determined the joint systems suitability for use after
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
that exposure.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.5 This test method does not provide quantitative informa-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tion about the joint system relative to the rate of leakage of
smoke or gases or both. However, it requires that such
2. Referenced Documents
phenomena be noted and reported when describing the general
2.1 ASTM Standards:
behavior of joint systems during the fire endurance test but is
E 84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
not part of the conditions of compliance.
Building Materials
1.6 Potentially important factors and fire characteristics not
E 119 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction
addressed by this test method include, but are not limited to:
and Materials
1.6.1 The performance of the fire-resistive joint system
E 176 Terminology of Fire Standards
E 631 Terminology of Building Constructions
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-5 on Fire
Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.11 on Fire
Endurance.
Current edition approved July 10, 2000. Published October 2000. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.
published as E 1966–98. Last previous edition E 1966–99. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.11.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E 1966
E 1529 Test Methods for Determining Effects of Large test specimens will contain a fire and retain their integrity
Hydrocarbon Pool Fires on Structural Members and As- during a predetermined test exposure.
semblies 5.2 This test method provides for the following measure-
2.2 Other Documents: ments and evaluations where applicable:
UL 385 Standard for Play Pipes for Water Supply Testing in 5.2.1 Capability of the joint system to movement cycle.
Fire-Protection Service 5.2.2 Loadbearing capacity of the joint system.
5.2.3 Ability of the joint system to prohibit the passage of
3. Terminology
flames and hot gases.
3.1 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in 5.2.4 Transmission of heat through the joint system.
Terminologies E 176 and E 631, together with the following, 5.2.5 Ability of the joint system, that is an extension of a
apply: wall, to resist the passage of water during a hose stream test.
3.1.1 fire-separating element, n—floors, walls, and parti- 5.3 This test method does not provide the following:
tions having a period of fire resistance determined in accor- 5.3.1 Evaluation of the degree by which the joint system
dance with Test Methods E 119 or E 1529. contributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxic
3.1.2 fire resistive joint system, n—a device or designed gases, or other products of combustion.
feature that provides a fire separating function along continu- 5.3.2 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of
ous linear openings, including changes in direction, between or the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the
bounded by fire separating elements. joint system.
3.1.3 joint, n—the linear void located between juxtaposed 5.3.3 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the
fire-separating elements. joint system.
3.1.4 maximum joint width, n—the widest opening of an
NOTE 1—The information in 5.3.1-5.3.3 may be determined by other
installed joint system.
suitable fire test methods. For example, 5.3.3 may be determined by Test
3.1.5 minimum joint width, n—the narrowest opening of an
Method E 84.
installed joint system.
5.3.4 Evaluation of joints formed by the rated or non-rated
3.1.6 movement cycle, n—the change between the minimum
exterior walls and the floors of the building.
and the maximum joint widths of a joint system.
5.4 In this procedure, the test specimens are subjected to one
3.1.7 nominal joint width, n—the specified opening of a
or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. When
joint in practice that is selected for test purposes.
different test conditions are substituted or the end-use condi-
3.1.8 splice, n—the connection or junction within the length
tions are changed, it is not always possible by, or from, this test
of a joint system.
method to predict changes to the characteristics measured.
3.1.9 supporting construction, n—the arrangement of build-
Therefore, the results are valid only for the exposure conditions
ing sections forming the fire-separating elements into which
described in this test method.
the joint systems are installed.
3.1.10 test assembly, n—the complete assembly of test
6. Apparatus
specimens together with their supporting construction.
6.1 Cycling Apparatus—Equipment (or device) capable of
3.1.11 test specimen, n—a joint system of a specific mate-
being used to induce movement of a joint system and meeting
rial(s), design, and width.
the required cyclic rate and number of cycles selected from
Table 1.
4. Summary of Test Method
6.2 Furnace—An enclosed furnace facility capable of con-
4.1 This test method describes the following test sequence
trolling a fire to the time-temperature curve in Test Methods
and procedure:
E 119 or E 1529. An example of a vertical furnace with a test
4.1.1 When the maximum joint width does not equal the
frame is shown in Fig. 1 and a horizontal furnace is shown in
minimum joint width, joint systems shall be movement cycled
Fig. 2.
before being fire tested.
6.3 Furnace Thermocouples:
4.1.2 Joint systems and their supporting construction shall
6.3.1 The E 119 furnace thermocouples shall:
be conditioned and fire tested.
6.3.1.1 Be protected by sealed porcelain tubes having a
4.1.3 A duplicate test specimen, that is an extension of a
3 1
nominal ⁄4-in. (19-mm) outside diameter and ⁄8-in. (3-mm)
wall, is subject to a fire of lesser duration than the fire
endurance rating. After which, the duplicate test specimen is
TABLE 1 Conditions of Test Specimen Cycling
subject to the hose stream test.
NOTE 1—The terms used for movement are indicative of the cyclic rate
in expansion and contraction of the joint system and not of the magnitude
5. Significance and Use
or direction of movement.
5.1 This test method evaluates, under the specified test
Movement Type Minimum Minimum Number of
conditions: (1) the ability of a fire resistive joint system to
Cycling Rates (cpm) Movement Cycles
undergo movement without reducing the fire rating of the
Thermal 1 500
Wind Sway 10 500
adjacent fire separating elements and (2) the duration for which
Seismic 30 100
Combined Movement 30 100
followed by: 10 400
Underwriters Laboratories, 333 Pfingston Road, Northbrook, IL 60062.
E 1966
wall thickness, or, as an alternative, in the case of base metal
thermocouples, protected by a standard ⁄2-in. (13-mm) diam-
eter wrought steel or wrought iron pipe of standard weight, and
6.3.1.2 Have a time constant between the range of 5.0 to 7.2
min while encased in the tubes described in 6.3.1.1.
6.3.2 Other types of E 119 protection tubes or pyrometers
shall be used only when they give the same indications under
test conditions as those of 6.3.1.2 within the limit of accuracy
that applies for furnace-temperature measurements.
NOTE 2—A typical thermocouple assembly meeting these time constant
requirements may be fabricated by fusion-welding the twisted ends of No.
18 gage Chromel-Alumel wires, mounting the leads in porcelain insulators
and inserting the assembly so the thermocouple bead is approximately 0.5
in. (25 mm) from the sealed end of the standard weight nominal ⁄2-in.
(25-mm) iron, steel, or Inconel pipe. The time constant for this and for
several other thermocouple assemblies was measured in 1976. The time
FIG. 1 Example of Vertical Furnace and Test Frame
constant may also be calculated from knowledge of its physical and
thermal properties.
6.3.3 The E 1529 furnace thermocouples shall measure the
temperature of the gases adjacent to and impinging on the test
specimens using factory manufactured ⁄4-in. (6-mm) outside
diameter (OD), Inconel-sheathed, Type K, Chromel-Alumel
thermocouples. The time constant, in air, of the thermocouple
assemblies shall be less than 60 s. Standard calibration ther-
mocouples with an accuracy of 6 0.75 % shall be used.
6.4 Pressure-sensing Probes—Where applicable, tolerances
are 6 5 % of dimensions shown in Fig. 3 or Fig. 4.
6.4.1 The pressure-sensing probes shall be either:
6.4.1.1 A T-shaped sensor as shown in Fig. 3, or
6.4.1.2 A tube sensor as shown in Fig. 4.
Inconel is a registered trade name of INCO Alloys, Inc., 3800 Riverside Dr.,
FIG. 2 Example of Horizontal Furnace
Huntingdon, WV 25720.
Supporting data is available from ASTM Headquarters. Request RR: E05-1001.
FIG. 3 “T” Shaped Pressure Sensing Probe
E 1966
FIG. 4 Tube Type Pressure Sensing Probe
6.5 Unexposed Surface Thermocouples:
where:
6.5.1 The wires for the unexposed thermocouple in the
y = the difference in indentation [in. (mm)].
length covered by the thermocouple pad are not to be heavier
6.7 Differential Pressure Measurement Instruments:
than No. 18 AWG (0.82 mm ) and are to be electrically
6.7.1 The differential pressure measurement instrument
insulated with heat-resistant and moisture-resistant coatings.
shall be:
6.6 Thermocouple Pads:
6.7.1.1 A manometer or equivalent transducer.
6.6.1 The properties of thermocouple pads used to cover
6.7.1.2 Capable of reading in graduated increments of no
each thermocouple on the unexposed side of the test assembly
greater than 0.01 in H O (2.5 Pa) with a precision of not less
shall have the following characteristics.
than 6 0.005 in. H O(6 1.25 Pa).
6.6.1.1 They shall be dry, felted refractory fiber pads.
6.8 Cotton Pads:
6.6.1.2 For joints having a maximum joint width of less than
6.8.1 Their nominal size shall be 4 by 4 by ⁄4 in. (100 by
6 in. (152 mm) the length and width of the square pad shall
100 by 19 mm). Cotton pads are to consist of new, undyed and
measure 2 6 0.04 in. (50 6 1 mm). For joints having a
soft cotton fibers, without any admixture of artificial fibers.
maximum joint width equal to or greater than 6 in. (152 mm)
Each cotton pad is to weigh approximately 3 to 4 g. The cotton
the length and width of the square pad shall measure 6 6 0.12
pads are to be conditioned prior to use by drying in an oven at
in. (152 6 3 mm).
212 6 9°F (100 6 5°C) for at least 30 min. After drying, the
6.6.1.3 The thermocouple pads shall be 0.375 6 0.063 in.
cotton pads shall be stored in a desiccator for up to 24 h.
(9.5 6 1.6 mm) thick. The thickness measurement is to be
6.8.2 The frame used to hold the cotton pad is to be formed
made under the light load of a standard ⁄2-in. (12.7-mm)
of No. 16 AWG (1.31-mm) steel wire and is to be provided
diameter pad of a dial micrometer gauge.
with a handle long enough to reach all points of the test
6.6.1.4 The thermocouple pads shall have a density of 31.2
assembly.
3 3
6 0.6 lbs/ft (500 6 10 kg/m ).
6.9 Loading System:
6.6.1.5 The thermal conductivity of the thermocouple pads
6.9.1 Equipment, or a device, capable of inducing a desired
at 150°F (66°C) shall be 0.37 6 0.03 Btu -in./h -ft -°F [0.053
load upon the joint system or supporting construction. An
6 0.004 W/(m -K)].
example of a loading system is shown in Fig. 5.
6.6.1.6 The thermocouple pads shall have a hardness (on
6.10 Hose Stream Delivery System:
soft face) of 2.25 to 4.5 (modified Brinnell). The hardness
6.10.1 The hose stream delivery system shall consist of:
measurement is to be made by pressing a standard 1-in.
6.10.1.1 A standard 2 ⁄2-in. (6
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