ASTM E3134-20
(Specification)Standard Specification for Transportation Tunnel Structural Components and Passive Fire Protection Systems
Standard Specification for Transportation Tunnel Structural Components and Passive Fire Protection Systems
ABSTRACT
This specification describes an approach for testing the fire resistance of concrete tunnel linings, fire-resistive materials, and structural tunnel members. It requires testing of both horizontal and vertical orientations and is limited to concrete mix design and fire-resistive materials, as well as the potential impact of environmental exposures (optional). A minimum of one fire test is required for each assembly, configuration, and orientation. For cases where the concrete mix design is intended to address the fire load independent of fire-resistive materials, the Spalling Test is applicable. For cases where standard or general concrete design mix is intended and protected by fire-resistive materials, the Fire-Resistive Material Test is applicable. For cases where both the concrete design mix and fire-resistive materials are combined to address the fire load, both test criteria are applicable but can be accomplished with one fire test for each assembly, configuration, and orientation. The test methods covered by this specification are used to determine the performance of tunnel construction elements with respect to exposure to a standard time-temperature fire test. The tests include surface burning test, environmental tests (optional: ground water test, road salt test, tunnel interior surface washing, spalling test, fire-resistive material test), and fire-resistive joint test.
This specification also covers the requirements for flame spread, control of fire tests for fire resistive materials, test specimen for fire resistive materials, conduct of test, overall conditions of acceptance, report, and precision and bias.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification is applicable to the fire resistance of concrete tunnel linings, fire-resistive materials, and structural tunnel members.
1.2 Concrete mix design, tunnel linings, and passive fire protection methods are specific to each tunnel project. Therefore results of the spalling test are only valid for the specific materials and systems employed during each test, notwithstanding maximum and minimum limitations.
1.3 Tunnels are potentially exposed to ground water, even those passing through elevated terrain, such as mountains, road salt, and maintenance surface washing. Consideration shall be given to potential adverse effects that result, such as material degradation due to these exposures.
1.4 Movement joints shall be considered and their impact on the overall fire resistance shall be assessed by testing. Tests shall be conducted as a system.
1.5 This specification does not address mechanical attachment methods for equipment due to the vast variety of possible methods and loads. However, consideration shall be given to methods that appreciably affect the concrete temperature during the heating conditions. Consideration shall be given to a second test conducted with the attachment to evaluate the effect. The attachment test shall include the largest diameter anchor, the deepest installed anchor, and the largest load applied to the anchor. This requirement results in a single anchor being tested or multiple anchors being tested. If multiple anchors are required to be tested, then each shall be tested under its maximum load.
1.6 This specification requires testing of both horizontal and vertical orientations. For fire-resistive materials, it is generally accepted that the horizontal orientation represents the worst case test scenario.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not, by itself, incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:E3134 −20 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Transportation Tunnel Structural Components and Passive
1
Fire Protection Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3134; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Fireposesaseriousthreattothestructuralstabilityoftunnelsasshownbyrealfiresintunnelsover
the last decade. The damage is a serious threat to life safety and results in costly repairs and lost
service time. The damage is mitigated with heat-resistant concrete and passive fire-resistive materials
and systems. The result is limited spalling of concrete, limited structural damage of the concrete via
cracks to the cold zone, and limited temperature increases of the reinforcing steel. Further, the
fire-resistive methods employed are also optionally evaluated against common environmental
exposures, which could adversely affect the performance or fire-resistance rating.
1. Scope applied to the anchor. This requirement results in a single
anchor being tested or multiple anchors being tested. If
1.1 This specification is applicable to the fire resistance of
multiple anchors are required to be tested, then each shall be
concrete tunnel linings, fire-resistive materials, and structural
tested under its maximum load.
tunnel members.
1.2 Concrete mix design, tunnel linings, and passive fire 1.6 Thisspecificationrequirestestingofbothhorizontaland
protection methods are specific to each tunnel project. There-
vertical orientations. For fire-resistive materials, it is generally
fore results of the spalling test are only valid for the specific
accepted that the horizontal orientation represents the worst
materials and systems employed during each test, notwith-
case test scenario.
standing maximum and minimum limitations.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
1.3 Tunnels are potentially exposed to ground water, even
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
thosepassingthroughelevatedterrain,suchasmountains,road
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
salt, and maintenance surface washing. Consideration shall be
tion only and are not considered standard.
given to potential adverse effects that result, such as material
degradation due to these exposures.
1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
1.4 Movementjointsshallbeconsideredandtheirimpacton
flame under controlled conditions, but does not, by itself,
the overall fire resistance shall be assessed by testing. Tests
incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk
shall be conducted as a system.
assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under
1.5 This specification does not address mechanical attach-
actual fire conditions.
mentmethodsforequipmentduetothevastvarietyofpossible
methods and loads. However, consideration shall be given to
1.9 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-
methods that appreciably affect the concrete temperature dur-
guards for personnel and property shall be employed in
ing the heating conditions. Consideration shall be given to a
conducting these tests.
second test conducted with the attachment to evaluate the
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the
effect. The attachment test shall include the largest diameter
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
anchor, the deepest installed anchor, and the largest load
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.11 on Fire
Resistance.
1.11 This international standard was developed in accor-
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2020. Published January 2020. Originally
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as E3134-17. Published
January 2020. DOI: 10.1520/E3134-20. ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3134−20
Development of International Standards, G
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E3134 − 17 E3134 − 20 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Transportation Tunnel Structural Components and Passive
1
Fire Protection Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3134; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Fire poses a serious threat to the structural stability of tunnels as shown by real fires in tunnels over
the last decade. The damage is a serious threat to life safety and results in costly repairs and lost
service time. The damage is mitigated with heat-resistant concrete and passive fire-resistive materials
and systems. The result is limited spalling of concrete, limited structural damage of the concrete via
cracks to the cold zone, and limited temperature increases of the reinforcing steel. Further, the
fire-resistive methods employed are also optionally evaluated against common environmental
exposures, which could adversely affect the performance or fire-resistance rating.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification is applicable to the fire resistance of concrete tunnel linings, fire-resistive materials, and structural tunnel
members.
1.2 Concrete mix design, tunnel linings, and passive fire protection methods are specific to each tunnel project. Therefore results
of the spalling test are only valid for the specific materials and systems employed during each test, notwithstanding maximum and
minimum limitations.
1.3 Tunnels are potentially exposed to ground water, even those passing through elevated terrain, such as mountains, road salt,
and maintenance surface washing. Consideration shall be given to potential adverse effects that result, such as material degradation
due to these exposures.
1.4 Movement joints shall be considered and their impact on the overall fire resistance shall be assessed by testing. Tests shall
be conducted as a system.
1.5 This specification does not address mechanical attachment methods for equipment due to the vast variety of possible
methods and loads. However, consideration shall be given to methods that appreciably affect the concrete temperature during the
heating conditions. Consideration shall be given to a second test conducted with the attachment to evaluate the effect. The
attachment test shall include the largest diameter anchor, the deepest installed anchor, and the largest load applied to the anchor.
This requirement results in a single anchor being tested or multiple anchors being tested. If multiple anchors are required to be
tested, then each shall be tested under its maximum load.
1.6 This specification requires testing of both horizontal and vertical orientations. For fire-resistive materials, it is generally
accepted that the horizontal orientation represents the worst case test scenario.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions
to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
controlled conditions, but does not, by itself, incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,
products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.9 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these
tests.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.11 on Fire Resistance.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2017Jan. 1, 2020. Published March 2018January 2020. Originally approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as
E3134-17. Published January 2020. DOI: 10.1520/E3134-17.10.1520/E3134-20.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3134 − 20
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1
...
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