ASTM C165-95
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Compressive Properties of Thermal Insulations
Standard Test Method for Measuring Compressive Properties of Thermal Insulations
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for determining the compressive resistance of thermal insulations.
1.1.1 Procedure A covers thermal insulations having an approximate straight-line portion of a load-deformation curve, but that may or may not have an identifiable yield point as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Such behavior is typical of most rigid board or block-type insulations.
1.1.2 Procedure B covers thermal insulations that become increasingly more stiff as load is increased, as shown in . Such behavior is typical of fibrous batt and blanket insulations that have been compressed previously to at least the same deformation by compression packaging or mechanical softening.
1.2 It is recognized that the classification of materials under Procedures A and B may not hold in all cases. For example, some batt or blanket materials that have not been compression packaged will exhibit behavior more typical of Procedure A for their first loadings. Also, some higher density fibrous insulation boards that have been precompressed will exhibit load-deformation curves more typical of Procedure B. There will also be thermal insulations with load-deformation curves that follow none of the three types shown here; that is, curves with no straight-line portion, curves with compaction areas, and curves that change from negative to positive slope.
1.3 This test method does not cover reflective or loose fill insulations.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C 165 – 95
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Compressive Properties of Thermal Insulations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 165; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope or Batt Thermal Insulations
C 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulating Materi-
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for determining
als
the compressive resistance of thermal insulations.
C 240 Test Methods of Testing Cellular Glass Insulation
1.1.1 Procedure A covers thermal insulations having an
Block
approximate straight-line portion of a load-deformation curve,
E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
but that may or may not have an identifiable yield point as
E 177 Practice for the Use of the Terms Precision and Bias
shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Such behavior is typical of most rigid
in ASTM Test Methods
board or block-type insulations.
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.1.2 Procedure B covers thermal insulations that become
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
increasingly more stiff as load is increased, as shown in Fig. 3.
Such behavior is typical of fibrous batt and blanket insulations
3. Terminology
that have been compressed previously to at least the same
3.1 Definitions:
deformation by compression packaging or mechanical soften-
3.1.1 Terminology C 168 applies to the terms used in this
ing.
method.
1.2 It is recognized that the classification of materials under
3.2 Additional terms are defined as follows:
Procedures A and B may not hold in all cases. For example,
3.3 compressive deformation—the decrease in specimen
some batt or blanket materials that have not been compression
thickness by a compressive load.
packaged will exhibit behavior more typical of Procedure A for
3.4 compressive load—the compressive force carried by the
their first loadings. Also, some higher density fibrous insulation
test specimen at any given moment.
boards that have been precompressed will exhibit load-
3.5 compressive modulus of elasticity—the ratio of the
deformation curves more typical of Procedure B. There will
compressive load per unit of original area to the corresponding
also be thermal insulations with load-deformation curves that
deformation per unit of original thickness below the propor-
follow none of the three types shown here; that is, curves with
tional limit of a material.
no straight-line portion, curves with compaction areas, and
3.6 compressive resistance—the compressive load per unit
curves that change from negative to positive slope.
of original area at a specified deformation. For those materials
1.3 This test method does not cover reflective or loose fill
where the specified deformation is regarded as indicating the
insulations.
start of complete failure, the compressive resistance may
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
properly be called the compressive strength.
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
3.7 proportional limit in compression—the greatest com-
information only.
pressive load that a material is capable of sustaining without
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
any deviation from proportionality of load to deformation.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.8 yield point in compression—the load at the first point on
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the load-deformation curve at which an increase in deformation
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
occurs without an increase in load.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 In providing Procedures A and B, it is recognized that
2.1 ASTM Standards:
different types of thermal insulation may exhibit significantly
C 167 Test Methods for Thickness and Density of Blanket
different behavior under compressive load. Data must usually
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-16 on
Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.32 on
Mechanical Properties. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 1995. Published April 1995. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
published as C 165 – 41T. Last previous edition C 165 – 92. Replaces C 203 – 45T. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 165
FIG. 3 Procedure B—Increasing Stiffness
of operating at the specified constant rate of motion of the
FIG. 1 Procedure A—Straight Line Portion with Definite Yield
movable head. Verify the accuracy of the testing machine in
Point
accordance with Practices E 4.
5.2 Loading Surfaces—Surfaces shall be at least 1.0 in.
be obtained from a complete load-deformation curve, and the
(25.4 mm) greater in all directions than the test specimens, and
useful working range normally corresponds to only a portion of
shall be designed to remain plane within 60.003 in./ft (60.25
the curve. The user is cautioned against use of the product in
mm/m) under all conditions of load.
the range beyond which the product is permanently damaged or
5.2.1 Procedure A—A preferred size is 8.0 in. (203 mm)
properties are adversely affected.
square. One surface plate, either the upper or lower, shall be
mounted rigidly with its surface perpendicular to the testing
machine axis. The other surface plate shall be self-aligning,
suspended by a spherical bearing block as shown in Fig. 4.
2 2
5.2.2 Procedure B—A preferred size is 1.0 ft (0.093 m )in
area, either 12 in. (305 mm) square or 13.54 in. (344 mm) in
diameter. Both plates shall be mounted rigidly so that the
surfaces are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the
testing machine axis.
5.3 Load Indicator—Load-indicating mechanism that will
permit measurements with an accuracy of6 1 % of total load.
5.4 Deformation Indicator—Deformation-indicating
mechanism that measures crosshead movement, or a simple jig
that will permit direct measurements, with an accuracy of
60.1 % of specimen thickness. When crosshead movement is
used to measure deformation, use a calibration curve unless it
has been shown that under the conditions of test the crosshead
indicator gives an accurate measure of specimen deformation.
5.5 Measuring Instruments:
FIG. 2 Procedure A—Straight Line Portion but no Definite Yield
5.5.1 Dial Gage Comparator, with a circular foot having a
Point
2 2
minimum area of 1.00 in. (645 mm ) and capable of measur-
ing thickness to 60.002 in. (60.05 mm).
4.2 Load-deformation curves provide useful data for re-
5.5.2 Steel Rule, capable of measuring to 60.01 in. (0.25
search and development, quality control, specification accep-
mm).
tance or rejection, and for other special purposes. Standard
loading rates should not be used arbitrarily for all purposes; the
effects of impact, creep, fatigue, and repeated cycling must be
considered. All load-deformation data should be reviewed
carefully for applicability prior to acceptance for use in
engineering designs differing widely in load, load application
rate, and material dimensions involved.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Testing Machine—Standard hydraulic or mechanical
compression testing machine of suitable capacity, and capable FIG. 4 Spherical Bearing Block for Compressive Strength Test
C 165
5.5.3 Depth Gage, pin-type, as specified in Test Methods compliance with these conditioning procedures, exceptions
C 167 for Procedure B only. agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser may
5.6 Drying or Conditioning Equipment (see 6.5): be made, but they shall be specifically listed in the test report.
5.6.1 Drying Oven, temperatures to 250°F (121°C).
7. Procedures
5.6.2 Desiccator, using dry calcium chloride or silica gel
7.1 Procedure A:
desiccant.
7.1.1 Measure the specimen dimensions within 61 %. Each
5.6.3 Conditioned Space, at temperature of 73.4 6 3.6°F
dimension shall be the average of at least two measurements
(23 6 2°C), and relative humidity of 50 6 5%.
taken on each specimen face. Use the steel rule and the dial
gage comparator as appropriate.
6. Test Specimens
7.1.2 Place the specimen between the loading surfaces of
6.1 Specimen Size:
the testing machine, taking care that the centerline of the
6.1.1 Procedure A specimens shall be square or circular with
2 2 specimen coincides with the centerline of the testing machine
a minimum area of 4 in. (2580 mm ) and a preferred width or
so that the load will be uniformly distributed. The self-aligning
diameter of 6 in. (150 mm). The minimum thickness shall be ⁄2
surface shall be approximately parallel to the fixed plate. Keep
in. (12.7 mm) and the maximum thickness shall be no greater
the spherical bearing seat well lubricated to ensure free
than the width or diameter.
movement.
NOTE 1—See Test Methods C 240 for preparation of cellular glass test
7.1.3 Adjust the crosshead speed to the value specified for
specimens.
the material being tested. This shall not exceed the range from
6.1.2 Procedure B specimens shall be square or circular with 0.01 to 0.5 in./min (0.25 to 12.7 mm/min) for each 1 in. (25.4
a minimum width or diameter of 6.0 in. (153 mm). The mm) of specimen thickness. In the absence of such specifica-
minimum thickness shall be 1.0 in. (25.4 mm) and the tion, the speed shall be 0.05 in./min (1.27 mm/min) for each 1
in. of specimen thickness.
maximum thickness shall be no greater than the width or
diameter.
NOTE 3—The speed of crosshead travel can have considerable effect on
the compressive resistance valu
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