ASTM D2118-18

Standard Practice for Assigning a Standard Commercial Moisture Content for Wool and its Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this practice is to bring about uniformity of commercial moisture standards in all ASTM specifications relating to wool and its products.  
4.2 This practice provides a recommended single value for a standardized commercial moisture content for wool and its products. This avoids difficulties encountered in calculating the amount of moisture-free fiber present in a given mass of wool in any one of the forms listed in 1.1.1 to 1.1.8 due to trade practices which recognize various commercial moisture allowance values used by certain segments of the trade. (See Test Method D584, Section 3.5, Table D1909,D1909 Note E, and the Tables in Practice D2720).  
4.3 The recommended commercial moisture content should be used where it is desirable to avoid problems in determining moisture-free fiber content when the form of the wool is changed. For example: from scoured wool (12.0 % moisture content) to worsted yarn, dry spun (13.04 % moisture content).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice recommends that a single value be adopted for the commercial moisture content of wool in any of the following forms:  
1.1.1 Scoured,  
1.1.2 Carbonized and neutralized,  
1.1.3 Noils, uncarbonized,  
1.1.4 Top, oil or dry combed,  
1.1.5 Yarn, worsted,  
1.1.6 Yarn, woolen,  
1.1.7 Yarn, hand knitting, or  
1.1.8 Fabric.  
1.2 Limitations—Grease wool, pulled wool, and wool with pH below 5.0 are excluded from this practice.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2018
• ICS: 59.060.10 - Natural fibres
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.13 - Wool and Felt

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D2118-05(2009) - Standard Practice for Assigning a Standard Commercial Moisture Content for Wool and its' Products (Withdrawn 2018)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2018
• Refers: ASTM D584-10(2018) - Standard Test Method for Wool Content of Raw Wool—Laboratory Scale
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2018
• Refers: ASTM D4845-10(2018) - Standard Terminology Relating to Wool
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2018
• Refers: ASTM D123-17 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Refers: ASTM D123-15b - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 15-Sep-2015
• Refers: ASTM D123-15a - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2015
• Refers: ASTM D123-15 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2015
• Refers: ASTM D123-13ae1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2013
• Refers: ASTM D123-13a - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2013
• Refers: ASTM D123-13 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 15-May-2013
• Refers: ASTM D123-12e1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2012
• Refers: ASTM D123-12 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2012
• Refers: ASTM D4845-10e1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Wool
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2010
• Refers: ASTM D584-10 - Standard Test Method for Wool Content of Raw Wool-Laboratory Scale
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2010
• Refers: ASTM D4845-10 - Standard Terminology Relating to Wool
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2010

Overview

ASTM D2118-18: Standard Practice for Assigning a Standard Commercial Moisture Content for Wool and Its Products is a widely recognized international standard developed by ASTM International. This practice establishes a uniform commercial moisture content value for wool and its products, promoting consistency across the textile industry. It is particularly significant in commercial transactions, regulatory compliance, and quality control, where moisture-related discrepancies could affect the mass, value, and processing of wool in various forms.

By adopting a single, recommended moisture content value, ASTM D2118-18 helps streamline trade practices and simplifies calculations related to the moisture-free fiber content during the conversion or transformation of wool through different production stages.

Key Topics

• Uniformity in Moisture Content:
  The standard recommends a single commercial moisture content of 12.0% for all applicable forms of wool and its products. This uniform value replaces various commercial moisture allowance values traditionally recognized by different industry sectors.

• Scope of Application:
  ASTM D2118-18 covers specific forms of wool, including:

  • Scoured wool
  • Carbonized and neutralized wool
  • Noils (uncarbonized)
  • Top (oil or dry combed)
  • Worsted yarn
  • Woolen yarn
  • Hand knitting yarn
  • Fabric

• Exclusions:
  The standard explicitly excludes grease wool, pulled wool, and wool with pH below 5.0 from its scope.

• International Alignment:
  This standard aligns with WTO Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee principles, emphasizing transparency and consistency in international commerce.

Applications

• Commercial Transactions:
  Adopting a standardized commercial moisture content in supply contracts and bulk transactions minimizes disputes over delivered weight and value by ensuring that all parties are assessing wool on a consistent moisture basis.

• Quality Assurance:
  The use of a fixed moisture content simplifies the calculation of actual fiber yield and quality assessment in laboratory testing or quality control processes, all critical for accurate reporting and compliance.

• Processing and Production:
  Mills, spinners, and textile manufacturers benefit from ASTM D2118-18 by ensuring consistent raw material input, regardless of form changes between scouring, spinning, or fabric production. This standard avoids recalculations and discrepancies that could arise from varying moisture regain values.

• Regulatory Compliance and Imports:
  The 12.0% commercial moisture content aligns with international customs practices and helps streamline import/export documentation-especially concerning duties assessed on raw wool by certain countries.

Related Standards

For comprehensive understanding and implementation, consider these related ASTM standards:

• ASTM D123: Terminology Relating to Textiles - defines key terms used in the wool and textile industry.
• ASTM D584: Test Method for Wool Content of Raw Wool-Laboratory Scale - referenced for moisture regain calculations.
• ASTM D1909: Standard Tables of Commercial Moisture Regains - provides alternative moisture regain values.
• ASTM D2720: Practice for Calculation of Commercial Weight and Yield of Scoured Wool, Top, and Noil - offers tables and methods for commercial calculations.
• ASTM D4845: Terminology Relating to Wool - covers definitions specific to wool products.

Practical Value

Implementing ASTM D2118-18 in your wool trading, processing, or quality management systems ensures:

• Improved consistency across contracts and quality checks
• Simplified calculations for determining fiber yield and processing efficacy
• Minimized disputes in commercial transactions
• Enhanced alignment with international trade and regulatory frameworks

By formalizing a standard approach to assigning commercial moisture content for wool, ASTM D2118-18 is a cornerstone of modern wool industry practices, supporting transparency, efficiency, and global harmonization.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2118 − 18
Standard Practice for
Assigning a Standard Commercial Moisture Content for
Wool and its Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2118; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope and Commercial Allowances for Textile Fibers
D2720 Practice for Calculation of Commercial Weight and
1.1 Thispracticerecommendsthatasinglevaluebeadopted
Yield of Scoured Wool, Top, and Noil for Various Com-
for the commercial moisture content of wool in any of the
mercial Compositions
following forms:
D4845 Terminology Relating to Wool
1.1.1 Scoured,
1.1.2 Carbonized and neutralized,
3. Terminology
1.1.3 Noils, uncarbonized,
1.1.4 Top, oil or dry combed,
3.1 For definitions of textile terms used in this practice:
1.1.5 Yarn, worsted,
carbonized and neutralized wool, commercial moisture
1.1.6 Yarn, woolen,
content, wool, refer to Terminology D4845.
1.1.7 Yarn, hand knitting, or
3.2 For the definition of wool and other textile terms used in
1.1.8 Fabric.
this practice, refer to Terminology D123.
1.2 Limitations—Grease wool, pulled wool, and wool with
pH below 5.0 are excluded from this practice.
4. Significance and Use
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 The purpose of this practice is to bring about uniformity
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of commercial moisture standards in all ASTM specifications
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
relating to wool and its products.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4.2 This practice provides a recommended single value for
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
a standardized commercial moisture content for wool and its
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
products.Thisavoidsdifficultiesencounteredincalculatingthe
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
amount of moisture-free fiber present in a given mass of wool
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
in any one of the forms listed in 1.1.1 to 1.1.8 due to trade
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
practices which recognize various commercial moisture allow-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
ance values used by certain segments of the trade. (See Test
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Method D584, Section 3.5, Table D1909,D1909 Note E, and
the Tables in Practice D2720).
2. Referenced Documents
4.3 The recommended commercial moisture content should
2.1 ASTM Standards:
be used where it is desirable to avoid problems in determining
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
moisture-free fiber content when the form of the wool is
D584 Test Method for Wool Content of Raw Wool—
changed. For example: from sc
...