ASTM D5191-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)
Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Vapor pressure is a very important physical property of volatile liquids.
The vapor pressure of gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends is regulated by various government agencies.
Specifications for volatile petroleum products generally include vapor pressure limits to ensure products of suitable volatility performance.
This test method is more precise than Test Method D4953, uses a small sample size (1 to 10 mL), and requires about 7 min to complete the test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of automated vapor pressure instruments to determine the total vapor pressure exerted in vacuum by air-containing, volatile, liquid petroleum products, including automotive spark-ignition fuels with or without oxygenates (see Note 1). This test method is suitable for testing samples with boiling points above 0°C (32°F) that exert a vapor pressure between 7 and 130 kPa (1.0 and 18.6 psi) at 37.8°C (100°F) at a vapor-to-liquid ratio of 4:1. Measurements are made on liquid sample sizes in the range from 1 to 10 mL. No account is made for dissolved water in the sample.
Note 1—An interlaboratory study was conducted in 2008 involving 11 different laboratories submitting 15 data sets and 15 different samples of ethanol-fuel blends containing 25 volume %, 50 volume %, and 75 volume % ethanol. The results indicated that the repeatability limits of these samples are with in the published repeatability of this test method. on this basis, it can be concluded that D5191 is applicable to ethanol-fuel blends such as Ed75 and Ed85 (Specification D5798) and other ethanol-fuel blends with greater than 10 v% ethanol. See ASTM RR: D02–1694 filed with ASTM for supporting data.
Note 2—Samples can also be tested at other vapor-to-liquid ratios, temperatures, and pressures, but the precision and bias statements need not apply.
Note 3—The interlaboratory studies conducted in 1988, 1991, and 2003 to determine the precision statements in Test Method D5191 did not include any crude oil in the sample sets. Test Method D6377, as well as IP 481, have been shown to be suitable for vapor pressure measurements of crude oils.
1.1.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze when cooled to 0 to 1°C. If a haze is observed in 8.5, it shall be indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see Note 15).
1.2 This test method is suitable for calculation of the dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) of gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends by means of a correlation equation (see Eq 1 in 14.2). The calculated DVPE very closely approximates the dry vapor pressure that would be obtained on the same material when tested by Test Method D4953.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 WARNINGMercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website – http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm - for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety warning statements, see 7.2 through 7.8.
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Designation:D5191–10
Standard Test Method for
1
Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5191; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* oxygenate blends by means of a correlation equation (see Eq 1
in 14.2). The calculated DVPE very closely approximates the
1.1 This test method covers the use of automated vapor
dryvaporpressurethatwouldbeobtainedonthesamematerial
pressure instruments to determine the total vapor pressure
when tested by Test Method D4953.
exerted in vacuum by air-containing, volatile, liquid petroleum
1.3 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard.
products, including automotive spark-ignition fuels with or
The inch-pound units given in parentheses are provided for
without oxygenates (see Note 1). This test method is suitable
information only.
for testing samples with boiling points above 0°C (32°F) that
1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many
exert a vapor pressure between 7 and 130 kPa (1.0 and 18.6
regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause
psi) at 37.8°C (100°F) at a vapor-to-liquid ratio of 4:1.
central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or
Measurements are made on liquid sample sizes in the range
its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to
from1to10mL.Noaccountismadefordissolvedwaterinthe
materials.Cautionshouldbetakenwhenhandlingmercuryand
sample.
mercury containing products. See the applicable product Ma-
NOTE 1—An interlaboratory study was conducted in 2008 involving 11
terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website
different laboratories submitting 15 data sets and 15 different samples of
– http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm - for additional infor-
ethanol-fuel blends containing 25 volume %, 50 volume %, and 75
mation. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or
volume % ethanol. The results indicated that the repeatability limits of
mercury containing products into your state or country may be
these samples are with in the published repeatability of this test method.
prohibited by law.
on this basis, it can be concluded that D5191 is applicable to ethanol-fuel
blends such as Ed75 and Ed85 (Specification D5798) and other ethanol-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
fuel blends with greater than 10 v% ethanol. See ASTM RR: D02–1694
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2
filed with ASTM for supporting data.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
NOTE 2—Samples can also be tested at other vapor-to-liquid ratios,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
temperatures,andpressures,buttheprecisionandbiasstatementsneednot
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety
apply.
warning statements, see 7.2 through 7.8.
NOTE 3—The interlaboratory studies conducted in 1988, 1991, and
2003 to determine the precision statements in Test Method D5191 did not
2. Referenced Documents
include any crude oil in the sample sets. Test Method D6377, as well as
3
IP 481, have been shown to be suitable for vapor pressure measurements
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of crude oils.
D2892 Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum
1.1.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze
(15-Theoretical Plate Column)
when cooled to 0 to 1°C. If a haze is observed in 8.5, it shall D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
be indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias
Petroleum Products
statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see D4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and
Note 15).
Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
1.2 This test method is suitable for calculation of the dry D5798 Specification for Fuel Ethanol (Ed70-Ed85) for
vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) of gasoline and gasoline-
Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
1
Measurement System Performance
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.08 on Volatility.
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2010.PublishedJuly2010.Originallyapproved
3
in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5191–07. DOI: 10.1520/ For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
D5191-10. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual B
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D5191–07 Designation:D5191–10
Standard Test Method for
1
Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5191; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the use of automated vapor pressure instruments to determine the total vapor pressure exerted in
vacuum by air-containing, volatile, liquid petroleum products, including automotive spark-ignition fuels with or without
oxygenates (see Note 1). This test method is suitable for testing samples with boiling points above 0°C (32°F) that exert a vapor
pressure between 7 and 130 kPa (1.0 and 18.6 psi) at 37.8°C (100°F) at a vapor-to-liquid ratio of 4:1. Measurements are made on
liquid sample sizes in the range from 1 to 10 mL. No account is made for dissolved water in the sample.
NOTE1—Samples can also be tested at other vapor-to-liquid ratios, temperatures, and pressures, but the precision and bias statements need not apply.
1—An interlaboratory study was conducted in 2008 involving 11 different laboratories submitting 15 data sets and 15 different samples of ethanol-fuel
blends containing 25 volume %, 50 volume %, and 75 volume % ethanol. The results indicated that the repeatability limits of these samples are with in
the published repeatability of this test method. on this basis, it can be concluded that D5191 is applicable to ethanol-fuel blends such as Ed75 and Ed85
2
(Specification D5798) and other ethanol-fuel blends with greater than 10 v% ethanol. SeeASTM RR: D02–1694 filed withASTM for supporting data.
NOTE2—The interlaboratory studies conducted in 1988, 1991, and 2003 to determine the precision statements in Test Method D5191 did not include
anycrudeoilinthesamplesets.TestMethod 2—Samplescanalsobetestedatothervapor-to-liquidratios,temperatures,andpressures,buttheprecision
and bias statements need not apply.
NOTE 3—The interlaboratory studies conducted in 1988, 1991, and 2003 to determine the precision statements in Test Method D5191 did not include
any crude oil in the sample sets. Test Method D6377, as well as IP 481, have been shown to be suitable for vapor pressure measurements of crude oils.
1.1.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze when cooled to 0 to 1°C. If a haze is observed in 8.5, it shall be
indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see Note
14Note 15).
1.2 This test method is suitable for calculation of the dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) of gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate
blends by means of a correlation equation (see Eq 1 in 14.2). The calculated DVPE very closely approximates the dry vapor
pressure that would be obtained on the same material when tested by Test Method D4953.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are provided for
information only.
1.4
1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central
nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution
should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS) for details and EPA’s website – http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm - for additional information. Users should be aware
that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific safety warning statements, see 7.2 through 7.8.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2892 Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15-Theoretical Plate Column)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.08 on
Volatility.
Current edition approved May 1, 2007.201
...
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