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ASTM D7448-09

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Establishing the Competence of Laboratories Using ASTM Procedures in the Sampling and Analysis of Coal and Coke

Standard Practice for Establishing the Competence of Laboratories Using ASTM Procedures in the Sampling and Analysis of Coal and Coke

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
International standard ANS/ISO/IEC 17025 promotes the use of documented accountability and quality control procedures to assure a laboratory and its clients that the laboratory can produce technically valid data and results in the routine performance of its sampling, sample preparation and testing activities.
A laboratory shall use ANSI/ISO/IEC 17025 to develop its quality system. Clause 4 of ANS/ISO/IEC 17025 specifies the requirements for sound management. Clause 5 of ANS/ISO/IEC 17025 specifies the requirements for technical competence for the type of tests or calibrations, or both the laboratory undertakes.
In addition to complying with the requirements of ANS/ISO/IEC 17025, the Annex of this standard practice contains information that shall be considered important for the evaluation and operation of a competent Coal and Coke sampling or testing facility, or both. The information in this Annex is presented where it is not otherwise covered in ANS/ISO/IEC 17025 or the applicable ASTM methods.
Laboratory clients, regulatory authorities, and accreditation bodies that recognize the competence of testing and calibration laboratories can use this standard practice as the basis for their evaluation.
The primary significance of this practice is to establish that for a laboratory to generate measurements traceable to SI units, it must:
Have a clear understanding of the work requested by the client.
Meet the quality system requirements of the internationally accepted ANS/ISO/IEC 17025 standard.
Use test methods which have been shown to be traceable to SI units of measurement
Be able to demonstrate that the laboratory is in statistical control at the time the measurements are made.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice specifies requirements to operate and evaluate the quality and management systems in a laboratory that provides services with respect to sample collection, sample preparation, or testing of coal, coke, and ash derived from coal or coke using ASTM standards that are under the jurisdiction of Committee D05 on Coal and Coke.
Note 1—The word “laboratory” is used throughout this practice when referring to an organization that provides services in coal sampling or testing, or both. It is recognized, however, that the word may not be appropriate to an organization that does not perform actual laboratory sample testing.
1.2 International standard ANS/ISO/IEC 17025 shall be the governing document specifying requirements for management, technical competence and evaluation of a laboratory.
Note 2—An accrediting body or user of laboratory services can also impose technical or non-technical requirements not specifically addressed in ANS/ISO/IEC 17025 provided they do not invalidate the requirements of ANS/ISO/IEC 17025.
1.3 This practice is used to evaluate only those capabilites specifically claimed by a laboratory.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2009
ICS
75.160.10 - Solid fuels
Technical Committee
D05 - Coal and Coke
Drafting Committee
D05.24 - Statistics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D7448-16 - Standard Practice for Establishing the Competence of Laboratories Using ASTM Procedures in the Sampling and Analysis of Coal and Coke
Effective Date
01-Mar-2016
Referred By
ASTM D5263-23 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Relative Degree of Oxidation in Bituminous Coal by Alkali Extraction
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009
Referred By
ASTM D1857/D1857M-18 - Standard Test Method for Fusibility of Coal and Coke Ash
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009
Referred By
ASTM D8010-18 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Water Soluble Alkali Content in Coal
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009
Referred By
ASTM D6357-21b - Standard Test Methods for Determination of Trace Elements in Coal, Coke, and Combustion Residues from Coal Utilization Processes by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009
Referred By
ASTM D6722-19 - Standard Test Method for Total Mercury in Coal and Coal Combustion Residues by Direct Combustion Analysis
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009
Referred By
ASTM D4239-18e1 - Standard Test Method for Sulfur in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke Using High-Temperature Tube Furnace Combustion
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009

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ASTM D7448-09 - Standard Practice for Establishing the Competence of Laboratories Using ASTM Procedures in the Sampling and Analysis of Coal and CokeASTM D7448-09 - Standard Practice for Establishing the Competence of Laboratories Using ASTM Procedures in the Sampling and Analysis of Coal and Coke
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ASTM D7448-09 - Standard Practice for Establishing the Competence of Laboratories Using ASTM Procedures in the Sampling and Analysis of Coal and Coke
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7448 − 09
StandardPractice for
Establishing the Competence of Laboratories Using ASTM
1
Procedures in the Sampling and Analysis of Coal and Coke
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7448; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4749 Test Method for Performing the Sieve Analysis of
Coal and Designating Coal Size
1.1 This practice specifies requirements to operate and
D5061 Test Method for Microscopical Determination of the
evaluate the quality and management systems in a laboratory
Textural Components of Metallurgical Coke
thatprovidesserviceswithrespecttosamplecollection,sample
D5515 Test Method for Determination of the Swelling
preparation, or testing of coal, coke, and ash derived from coal
Properties of Bituminous Coal Using a Dilatometer
orcokeusingASTMstandardsthatareunderthejurisdictionof
D6172 Test Method for Determining the Volume of Bulk
Committee D05 on Coal and Coke.
Materials Using Contours or Cross Sections Created by
NOTE 1—The word “laboratory” is used throughout this practice when
DirectOperatorCompilationUsingPhotogrammetricPro-
referring to an organization that provides services in coal sampling or
testing, or both. It is recognized, however, that the word may not be
cedures
appropriate to an organization that does not perform actual laboratory
D6349 Test Method for Determination of Major and Minor
sample testing.
Elements in Coal, Coke, and Solid Residues from Com-
1.2 International standardANS/ISO/IEC 17025 shall be the
bustion of Coal and Coke by Inductively Coupled
governing document specifying requirements for management,
Plasma—Atomic Emission Spectrometry
technical competence and evaluation of a laboratory.
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
NOTE 2—An accrediting body or user of laboratory services can also
ASTM Test Methods
impose technical or non-technical requirements not specifically addressed
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
in ANS/ISO/IEC 17025 provided they do not invalidate the requirements
E2554 Practice for Estimating and Monitoring the Uncer-
of ANS/ISO/IEC 17025.
tainty of Test Results of a Test Method Using Control
1.3 This practice is used to evaluate only those capabilites
Chart Techniques
specifically claimed by a laboratory.
2.2 ANS/ISO/IEC Document:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
17025 General Requirements for the Competence of Cali-
3
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
bration and Testing Laboratories
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3. Significance and Use
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 International standard ANS/ISO/IEC 17025 promotes
the use of documented accountability and quality control
2. Referenced Documents
procedures to assure a laboratory and its clients that the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
laboratory can produce technically valid data and results in the
D121 Terminology of Coal and Coke
routine performance of its sampling, sample preparation and
D3174 Test Method forAsh in theAnalysis Sample of Coal
testing activities.
and Coke from Coal
3.2 Alaboratory shall useANSI/ISO/IEC 17025 to develop
D4239 Test Method for Sulfur in the Analysis Sample of
its quality system. Clause 4 of ANS/ISO/IEC 17025 specifies
Coal and Coke Using High-Temperature Tube Furnace
the requirements for sound management. Clause 5 of ANS/
Combustion
ISO/IEC 17025 specifies the requirements for technical com-
petence for the type of tests or calibrations, or both the
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal and laboratory undertakes.
CokeandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD05.24onQualityAssurance.
3.3 In addition to complying with the requirements of
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. DOI:
10.1520/D7448-09. ANS/ISO/IEC 17025, the Annex of this standard practice
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7448 − 09
contains information that shall be considered important for
...

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4.1 Coke undergoes various degrees of degradation during removal from coke ovens, transportation, and its decent within a blast furnace to the combustion zone. These processes subject the coke to impact and abrasion. This test method is a relative measure of the resistance of coke to breakage when subjected to these degradation processes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for obtaining a relative measure of the resistance to degradation of coke by impact and abrasion.  
1.2 Standard Procedure—This procedure uses a coke sample that is sized to 75 mm by 50 mm [ 3.0 in. by 2 in.].  
1.3 Alternative Procedure—This procedure uses a composite coke sample that is comprised of coke sized 50 % of 63 mm by 50 mm [2.5 in. by 2 in.] and 50 % of 50 mm by 37.5 mm [2 in. by 1.50 in.].  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
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ASTM D388-23(Classification)
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the classification of coals by rank, that is, according to their degree of metamorphism, or progressive alteration, in the natural series from lignite to anthracite. These coals are mainly composed of vitrinite. The classification shall be based on gradational properties that depend on the degree of metamorphism. The classification shall also be according to fixed carbon and gross calorific value calculated to the mineral-matter-free basis.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This classification establishes categories of coal based on gradational properties that depend principally on the degree of metamorphism to which the coal was subjected while buried. These categories indicate ranges of physical and chemical characteristics that are useful in making broad estimates of the behavior of coal in mining, preparation, and use.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers the classification of coals by rank, that is, according to their degree of metamorphism, or progressive alteration, in the natural series from lignite to anthracite.  
1.2 This classification is applicable to coals that are composed mainly of vitrinite.  
Note 1: Coals rich in inertinite or liptinite (exinite), or both, cannot be properly classified because, in those macerals, the properties that determine rank (calorific value, volatile matter, and agglomerating character) differ greatly from those of vitrinite in the same coal. Often, such coals can be recognized by megascopic examination. In North America, these coals are mostly nonbanded varieties that contain only a small proportion of vitrain and consist mainly of attrital materials. The degree of metamorphism of nonbanded and other vitrinite-poor coals can be estimated by determining the classification properties of isolated or concentrated vitrinite fractions, or by determining the reflectance of the vitrinite (see Test Method D2798 and Appendix X1 of this classification). However, in the use of these vitrinite-poor coals, some properties normally associated with rank, such as rheology, combustibility, hardness, and grindability (as well as the rank determining properties) may differ substantially from those of vitrinite-rich coals of the same degree of metamorphism.  
1.3 The accuracy of the classification of impure coal may be impaired by the effect of large amounts of mineral matter on the determination of volatile matter and calorific value, and on their calculation to the mineral-matter-free basis.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4.1 Exception—The values stated in British thermal units per pound (Btu/lb) are to be regarded as the standard. The SI equivalents of Btu/lb are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D2639/D2639M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Plastic Properties of Coal by the Constant-Torque Gieseler Plastometer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Reliable values of the plastic properties of coals are used to predict or explain the behavior of a coal or blends during carbonization or in other processes such as gasification, liquefaction, and combustion.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a relative measure of the plastic behavior of coal when heated under prescribed conditions. This test method may be used to obtain semiquantitative values of the plastic properties of coals and blends used in carbonization and in other situations where determination of plastic behavior of coals is of practical importance.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 In this test method, the term “mass” applies to measurements expressed with both SI units (for example, kg) and inch-pound units (for example, lb).  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The collection and treatment of the sample as specified for the referee method is intended for the express purpose of determining the total moisture in coal. The standard is available to producers, sellers, and consumers as a method of determination when other techniques or modifications are not mutually agreed upon.  
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1.3 While it is recognized that such a standard may be unwieldy for routine usage in commercial operations, it can provide a common base for agreement in cases of dispute or arbitration. The complete standard is referred to as the referee method. Embodied in the standard is the commercial method starting with the crushed and divided sample when the gross sample is not too wet to crush and divide. See Practice D2961/D2961M and Test Method D3173 for other moisture methods.  
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4.1 This test method permits measurement of the total mass fraction of arsenic and selenium in coal for the purpose of evaluating these elements where they can be of concern, for example, in coal combustion. When coal samples are prepared for analysis in accordance with this test method, the arsenic and selenium are quantitatively retained and are representative of the total mass fraction in the coal.
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1.1 This test method2 covers the determination of total arsenic in the range of 0.7 ug/g to 12 ug/g and selenium in the range of 0.6 ug/g to 5 ug/g in coal.  
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5.1 A compositional analysis of ash is used in describing the quality of coal for its complete characterization. Ash composition is useful in predicting slagging and fouling characteristics of combusted materials as well as the potential utilization of ash by-products.  
5.2 The chemical composition of laboratory prepared coal ash is rarely, if ever, representative of the composition of the mineral matter in the coal because the ashing process can alter some minerals. However, it can approximate the composition of the fly ash and slag resulting from commercial combustion of coal.
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1.1 This test method covers the analysis of the commonly determined major and minor elements in ash from coal using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques.
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1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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ASTM D6349-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Major and Minor Elements in Coal, Coke, and Solid Residues from Combustion of Coal and Coke by Inductively Coupled Plasma—Atomic Emission Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A compositional analysis of coal and coke and their associated combustion residues are often useful in assessing their quality. Knowledge of the elemental composition of the associated residues is also useful in predicting the elemental enrichment/depletion compositional behavior of ashes and slags in comparison to the mass fraction in the parent coal. Utilization of the ash by-products and hazardous potential may also depend on the chemical composition and leachability of the inorganic constituents of the coal ash.  
5.2 The chemical composition of laboratory-prepared ash may not exactly represent the composition of mineral matter in coal or the composition of fly ash and slag resulting from commerical-scale burning of the coal.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the analysis of the commonly determined major and minor elements in coal, coke, and solid residues from combustion of coal and coke. These residues may be laboratory ash, bottom ash, fly ash, flue gas desulfurization sludge, and other combustion process residues.
Note 1: There are two interlaboratory studies associated with this test method. The first was conducted in 1997 ( RR:D05-1035)2 and the second was conducted in 2007 ( RR:D05-1032).3 Sulfur trioxide was only included in the 2007 study, and that study only included combustion residues derived from ash and no combustion residues derived from coke.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Test Method for Apparent and True Specific Gravity and Porosity of Lump Coke

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4.1 Apparent and true specific gravity, as determined by this test method, are influenced by the type of coals carbonized and the operating and preparational conditions of that carbonization, that is, charge bulk density, heating rate, and pulverization level. In turn, these properties directly influence the performance in processes using coke.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of apparent specific gravity (Sections 5 to 9) and true specific gravity (Sections 10 to 14) of lump coke larger than 25 mm [1 in.] size and calculating porosity (Section 15) from the specific gravity data.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or non-SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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