ASTM D3744/D3744M-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Aggregate Durability Index
Standard Test Method for Aggregate Durability Index
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method assigns an empirical value to the relative amount, fineness, and character of clay-like material that may be generated in an aggregate when subjected to mechanical degradation.
4.2 The procedure has been used in limited geographical areas of the United States, and the results have been correlated with aggregate performance in various construction applications, including: aggregate base, permeable material for backfill, fine concrete aggregate, and riprap for rock slope protection.3,4
4.3 A minimum durability index is permitted to be specified to prohibit the use of an aggregate in various construction applications that is prone to degradation, resulting in generation of clay-like fines.
4.4 This test method provides a rapid test for evaluation of the quality of a new aggregate source. Research has indicated it may also be suitable for use instead of the sodium sulfate soundness test for evaluating the durability characteristics of fine aggregate for use in portland cement concrete, thereby reducing the need for time-consuming and expensive soundness tests.3
4.5 Although the application of this method has been limited to aggregates for specific construction uses, the possibility exists for expanding the application of this method to control the quality of aggregates used in other areas of construction, such as aggregates for use in bituminous paving mixtures, coarse aggregate for use in portland cement concrete, and aggregate for use as railroad ballast.
Note 1: The text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the test method.
Note 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of a durability index of an aggregate. The calculated durability index is a value indicating the relative resistance of an aggregate to production of detrimental clay-like fines when subjected to the prescribed mechanical methods of degradation.
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.2.1 Measurements of volume and mass are only given in SI units because they are the only units typically used in practice when performing this test method.
1.2.2 Measurements in Section 11, Section 15, Eq 3, Eq 4, and Table 1 are only given in inch-pound units because the equipment used in these sections is only manufactured using the inch-pound system.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3744/D3744M − 18
Standard Test Method for
1
Aggregate Durability Index
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3744/D3744M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C127Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity)
and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofadurability
C136/C136MTest Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and
index of an aggregate. The calculated durability index is a
Coarse Aggregates
value indicating the relative resistance of an aggregate to
C702/C702MPractice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate
production of detrimental clay-like fines when subjected to the
to Testing Size
prescribed mechanical methods of degradation.
D75/D75MPractice for Sampling Aggregates
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
D2419Test Method for Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
Fine Aggregate
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
D3666Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agen-
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
cies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-
D4753Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
formance with the standard.
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
1.2.1 Measurements of volume and mass are only given in
Construction Materials Testing
SI units because they are the only units typically used in
E11Specification forWovenWireTest Sieve Cloth andTest
practice when performing this test method.
Sieves
1.2.2 Measurements in Section 11, Section 15, Eq 3, Eq 4,
and Table 1 are only given in inch-pound units because the
3. Summary of Test Method
equipment used in these sections is only manufactured using
the inch-pound system. 3.1 This test method was developed to permit prequalifica-
tion of aggregates proposed for use in the construction of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
transportation facilities. This test establishes an aggregate’s
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
resistance to generating fines when agitated in the presence of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
water. Separate and different test procedures are used to
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
evaluate the coarse and the fine portions of an aggregate.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2 A sample of coarse aggregate is prepared to a specific
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
grading and then washed in a washing vessel secured in a
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
mechanical agitator for 2 min. After discarding the minus
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.75-mm (No. 4) material, dry the washed test sample.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.3 The coarse aggregate test sample is then mechanically
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
agitated in the washing vessel for a period of 10 min. A
representative portion of the resulting wash water and minus
2. Referenced Documents
75-µm (No. 200) size fines is collected and mixed with a stock
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
calciumchloridesolutionandplacedinaplasticcylinder.After
a 20-min sedimentation time, the level of the sediment column
is read. The height of the sediment value is then used to
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
calculate the durability index of the coarse aggregate (D ).
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.51 on c
Aggregate Tests.
3.4 The fine aggregate sample is prepared by washing a
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2018. Published September 2018. Originally
specific quantity of the material in the washing vessel secured
approvedin1979.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2011asD3744/D3744M–11a.
DOI: 10.1520/D3744_D3744M-18.
in a mechanical agitator for 2 min.All minus 75-µm (No. 200)
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
size material is washed from the sample through a 75-µm (No.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
200) sieve and discarded.The plus 75-µm (No. 200) fraction is
Standards volume information, refer to
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3744/D3744M − 11a D3744/D3744M − 18
Standard Test Method for
1
Aggregate Durability Index
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3744/D3744M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of a durability index of an aggregate. The calculated durability index is a value
indicating the relative resistance of an aggregate to production of detrimental clay-like fines when subjected to the prescribed
mechanical methods of degradation.
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in non-conformancenonconformance with the standard.
1.2.1 Measurements of volume and mass are only given in SI units because they are the only units typically used in practice
when performing this test method.
1.2.2 Measurements in Section 11, Section 15, Eq 3Equation, Eq 43, Equation 4, Table 1, and Figure 2, and Table 1 are only
given in inch-pound units because the equipment used in these sections is only manufactured using the inch-pound system.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C127 Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity) and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
C136C136/C136M Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
C702C702/C702M Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size
D75D75/D75M Practice for Sampling Aggregates
D2419 Test Method for Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and Fine Aggregate
D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction
Materials Testing
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 This test method was developed to permit prequalification of aggregates proposed for use in the construction of
transportation facilities. Basically, the This test establishes an aggregate’s resistance to generating fines when agitated in the
presence of water. Separate and different test procedures are used to evaluate the coarse and the fine portions of a material.an
aggregate.
3.2 A sample of coarse aggregate is prepared to a specific grading and then washed in a mechanical washing vessel for a 2-min
agitation time. secured in a mechanical agitator for 2 min. After discarding the minus 4.75-mm (No. 4) material, dry the washed
test sample.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.51 on Aggregate
Tests.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011Sept. 1, 2018. Published December 2011September 2018. Originally approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as
D3744 – 11.D3744/D3744M – 11a. DOI: 10.1520/D3744_D3744_D3744M–11A10.1520/D3744_D3744M-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D3744/D3744M − 18
3.3 The coarse aggregate test sample is then mechanically agitated in the mechanical washing vessel for a period of 10 min.
A representative portion o
...
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