ASTM D2950/D2950M-22
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Density of Asphalt Mixtures in Place by Nuclear Methods
Standard Test Method for Density of Asphalt Mixtures in Place by Nuclear Methods
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The test method described is useful as a rapid, nondestructive technique for determining the in-place density of compacted asphalt mixtures.
4.2 With proper calibration and confirmation testing, the test method is suitable for quality control and acceptance testing of compacted asphalt mixtures.
4.3 The test method can be used to establish the proper rolling effort and pattern to achieve the required density.
4.4 The nondestructive nature of the test allows repetitive measurements to be made at a single test location between roller passes and to monitor changes in density.
4.5 The density results obtained by this test method are relative. Correlation with other test methods such as D1188/D1188M, D2726/D2726M, or D6752/D6752M is required to convert the results obtained using this method to actual density. It is recommended that at least seven core densities and seven nuclear densities be used to establish a conversion factor. A new factor must be established at any time a change is made in the paving mixture or in the construction process.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a test procedure for determining the density of asphalt mixtures by the attenuation of gamma radiation, where the source and detector(s) remain on the surface (backscatter method) or the source or detector is placed at a known depth up to 300 mm [12 in.] while the detector or source remains on the surface (direct transmission method).
1.2 The density, in mass per unit volume of the material under test, is determined by comparing the detected rate of gamma emissions with previously established calibration data.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.
1.5 For limitations, see Section 5 on Interferences.
1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. It is the recommendation of Committee D04 that the following note be added to the end of the Significance and Use section of all applicable standards. Applicable standards are those in which measurement or calibration are made, sample are procured, or products are selected. The subcommittee shall determine the appropriateness of adding the note throughout the consensus process.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Develo...
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2950/D2950M − 22
Standard Test Method for
1
Density of Asphalt Mixtures in Place by Nuclear Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2950/D2950M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
For specific warning statements, see Section 7.
1.1 This test method describes a test procedure for deter-
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
mining the density of asphalt mixtures by the attenuation of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
gamma radiation, where the source and detector(s) remain on
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
the surface (backscatter method) or the source or detector is
placed at a known depth up to 300 mm [12 in.] while the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
detector or source remains on the surface (direct transmission mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
method). Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2 The density, in mass per unit volume of the material
2. Referenced Documents
under test, is determined by comparing the detected rate of
2
gamma emissions with previously established calibration data.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each D8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pave-
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining ments
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
D1188/D1188M Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and
with the standard.
Density of Compacted Asphalt Mixtures Using Coated
Samples
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
D2041/D2041M Test Method for Theoretical Maximum
guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
Specific Gravity and Density of Asphalt Mixtures
D6026.
D2726/D2726M Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and
1.5 For limitations, see Section 5 on Interferences.
Density of Non-Absorptive Compacted Asphalt Mixtures
1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
D3665 Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Ma-
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
terials
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agen-
as requirements of the standard. It is the recommendation of
cies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
Committee D04 that the following note be added to the end of
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits and Data Re-
the Significance and Use section of all applicable standards.
cords in Geotechnical Data
Applicable standards are those in which measurement or
D6752/D6752M Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and
calibration are made, sample are procured, or products are
Density of CompactedAsphalt Mixtures UsingAutomatic
selected. The subcommittee shall determine the appropriate-
Vacuum Sealing Method
ness of adding the note throughout the consensus process.
D6926 Practice for Preparation of Asphalt Mixture Speci-
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
mens Using Marshall Apparatus
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D7013/D7013M Guide for Calibration Facility Setup for
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Nuclear Surface Gauges
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D7759/D7759M Guide for Nuclear Surface Moisture and
Density Gauge Calibration
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.21 on
2
Specific Gravity and Density of Asphalt Mixtures. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2022. Published January 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D2950/D2950M – 14. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D2950_D2950M-22. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2950/D2950M − 14 D2950/D2950M − 22
Standard Test Method for
Density of Bituminous ConcreteAsphalt Mixtures in Place
1
by Nuclear Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2950/D2950M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes a test procedure for determining the density of bituminous concreteasphalt mixtures by the
attenuation of gamma radiation, where the source and detector(s) remain on the surface (Backscatter Method)(backscatter method)
or the source or detector is placed at a known depth up to 300 mm [12 in.] while the detector or source remains on the surface
(Direct Transmission Method).(direct transmission method).
1.2 The density, in mass per unit volume of the material under test, is determined by comparing the detected rate of gamma
emissions with previously established calibration data.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformancenonconformance with the standard.
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.
1.5 For limitations, see Section 5 on Interferences.
1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. It is the recommendation of
Committee D04 that the following note be added to the end of the Significance and Use section of all applicable standards.
Applicable standards are those in which measurement or calibration are made, sample are procured, or products are selected. The
subcommittee shall determine the appropriateness of adding the note throughout the consensus process.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 67 and Note 5.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.21 on Specific
Gravity and Density of Asphalt Mixtures.
Current edition approved June 1, 2014Dec. 15, 2022. Published August 2014January 2023. Originally approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 20112014 as
D2950/D2950M – 11.D2950/D2950M – 14. DOI: 10.1520/D2950_D2950M-14.10.1520/D2950_D2950M-22.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D2950/D2950M − 22
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
D8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
D1188D1188/D1188M Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Compacted Asphalt Mixtures Using Coated
Samples
3
D1559 Test Method for Resistance to Plastic Flow of Bituminous Mixtures Using Marshall Apparatus (Withdrawn 1998)
D2041D2041/D2041M Test Method for Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Asphalt Mixtures
D2726D2726/D2726M Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Non-Absorptive Compacted Asphalt Mixtures
D3665 Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Materials
D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits and Data Records in Geotechnical Data
D6752D6752/D6752M Test Method for Bulk Specifi
...
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