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ASTM D1525-09

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Vicat Softening Temperature of Plastics

Standard Test Method for Vicat Softening Temperature of Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Data obtained by this test method is used to compare the heat-softening qualities of thermoplastic materials.  
This test method is useful in the areas of quality control, development, and characterization of plastic materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the temperature at which a specified needle penetration occurs when specimens are subjected to specified controlled test conditions.
1.2 This test method is not recommended for ethyl cellulose, nonrigid poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinylidene chloride), or other materials having a wide Vicat softening range.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.4 Due to the potential safety and environmental hazards associated with mercury-filled thermometers, the use of alternative temperature measuring devices (such as thermocouples and RTDs) is encouraged.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
Note 1—This test method is equivalent to ISO 306 in all sections with the exceptions of the allowance for creep, prior to the beginning of the test and the allowance of the fluidized powder as a heat transfer medium.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Nov-2009
ICS
83.080.01 - Plastics in general
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.30 - Thermal Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D1525-07 - Standard Test Method for Vicat Softening Temperature of Plastics
Effective Date
15-Nov-2009
Replaced By
ASTM D1525-17 - Standard Test Method for Vicat Softening Temperature of Plastics
Effective Date
01-Aug-2017
Referred By
ASTM D3641-21 - Standard Practice for Injection Molding Test Specimens of Thermoplastic Molding and Extrusion Materials
Effective Date
15-Nov-2009
Referred By
ASTM D5721-22 - Standard Practice for Air-Oven Aging of Polyolefin Geomembranes
Effective Date
15-Nov-2009
Referred By
ASTM D5204-22 - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Polyamide-Imide (PAI) Molding and Extrusion Materials
Effective Date
15-Nov-2009
Referred By
ASTM D4673-23 - Standard Classification System for and Basis for Specification for Acrylonitrile–Butadiene–Styrene (ABS) Plastics and Alloys Molding and Extrusion Materials
Effective Date
15-Nov-2009
Referred By
ASTM D4203-17 - Standard Specification for and Basis for Specifications for Styrene-Acrylonitrile (SAN) Injection and Extrusion Materials
Effective Date
15-Nov-2009
Referred By
ASTM D4000-23 - Standard Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
Effective Date
15-Nov-2009
Referred By
ASTM D6339-11(2019) - Standard Classification System for and Basis for Specifications for Syndiotactic Polystyrene Molding and Extrusion (SPS)
Effective Date
15-Nov-2009
Referred By
ASTM D4549-15(2021) - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Polystyrene and Rubber-Modified Polystyrene Molding and Extrusion Materials (PS)
Effective Date
15-Nov-2009
Referred By
ASTM F790-23 - Standard Guide for Testing Materials for Aerospace Plastic Transparent Enclosures
Effective Date
15-Nov-2009
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ASTM E2347-21 - Standard Test Method for Indentation Softening Temperature by Thermomechanical Analysis
Effective Date
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ASTM D4634-16(2022) - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Styrene-Maleic Anhydride Molding and Extrusion Materials (S/MA)
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ASTM D4101-17e1 - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Polypropylene Injection and Extrusion Materials
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1525 − 09
Standard Test Method for
1
Vicat Softening Temperature of Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1525; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope E77Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-
mometers
1.1 This test method covers determination of the tempera-
E608/E608MSpecification for Mineral-Insulated, Metal-
ture at which a specified needle penetration occurs when
Sheathed Base Metal Thermocouples
specimens are subjected to specified controlled test conditions.
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.2 This test method is not recommended for ethyl
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
cellulose, nonrigid poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinylidene
E1137/E1137MSpecification for Industrial Platinum Resis-
chloride), or other materials having a wide Vicat softening
tance Thermometers
range. 4
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 306Plastics—Thermoplastic Material—Determination
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. of Vicat Softening Temperature
1.4 Due to the potential safety and environmental hazards
3. Terminology
associated with mercury-filled thermometers, the use of alter-
3.1 Definitions:
native temperature measuring devices (such as thermocouples
3.1.1 Definitions of plastics used in this test method are in
and RTDs) is encouraged.
accordance with those defined in Terminology D883, unless
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
otherwise specified.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.2 Vicat softening temperature—thetemperatureatwhich
2
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
a flat-ended needle of 1-mm circular cross section will
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
penetrate a thermoplastic specimen to a depth of 1 mm under
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
a specified load using a selected uniform rate of temperature
rise.
NOTE 1—This test method is equivalent to ISO306 in all sections with
theexceptionsoftheallowanceforcreep,priortothebeginningofthetest
4. Summary of Test Method
and the allowance of the fluidized powder as a heat transfer medium.
4.1 A flat-ended needle loaded with a specified mass is
2. Referenced Documents
placedindirectcontactwithatestspecimen.Themassapplied
2
can be one of two accepted loads, as follows:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing Loading1 21060.2N
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
Loading2 25061.0N
3
D1898Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)
The specimen and needle are heated at either of two permis-
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
sible rates, as follows:
RateA 25065°C/h
RateB 2120610°C/h
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics
The temperature at which the needle has penetrated to a
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties
depth of 1 60.01 mm is recorded as the Vicat softening
(Section D20.30.07).
temperature.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2009. Published December 2009. Originally
approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D1525-07. DOI:
5. Significance and Use
10.1520/D1525-09.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.1 Dataobtainedbythistestmethodisusedtocomparethe
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
heat-softening qualities of thermoplastic materials.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
www.astm.org. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1525 − 09
FIG. 1 Apparatus for Softening Temperature Determination (Immersion Bath)
5.2 Thistestmethodisusefulintheareasofqualitycontrol,
development, and characterization of plastic materials.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Theinstrumentshallhaveaheatingsystemconsistingof
a heated bath (see Fig. 1) or a contact heating system (see Fig.
2):
The equipment shall be constructed essentially as shown in
and shall consist of the following:
6.1.1 Immersion Bath—An immersion bath cont
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D1525–07 Designation: D1525 – 09
Standard Test Method for
1
Vicat Softening Temperature of Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1525; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope *
1.1 This test method covers determination of the temperature at which a specified needle penetration occurs when specimens
are subjected to specified controlled test conditions.
1.2 This test method is not recommended for ethyl cellulose, nonrigid poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinylidene chloride), or other
materials having a wide Vicat softening range.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.4Due1.4 Due to the potential safety and environmental hazards associated with mercury-filled thermometers, the use of
alternative temperature measuring devices (such as thermocouples and RTDs) is encouraged.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE1—This test method and ISO 306:1987(E) are technically equivalent, with the exception of the allowance for creep, prior to beginning the test,
in this test method. 1—This test method is equivalent to ISO306 in all sections with the exceptions of the allowance for creep, prior to the beginning
of the test and the allowance of the fluidized powder as a heat transfer medium.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
3
D1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Thermometers
E608/E608M Specification for Mineral-Insulated, Metal-Sheathed Base Metal Thermocouples
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1137/E1137M Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometers
4
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 306 Plastics—Thermoplastic Material—Determination of Vicat Softening Temperature
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of plastics used in this test method are in accordance with those defined in Terminology D883,
unless otherwise specified.
2
3.1.1 Vicat softening temperature—the temperature at which a flat-ended needle of 1-mm circular cross section will penetrate
a thermoplastic specimen to a depth of 1 mm under a specified load using a selected uniform rate of temperature rise.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 onThermal Properties (Section
D20.30.07).
Current edition approved March 1, 2007. Published March 2007. Originally approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D1525-06. DOI:
10.1520/D1525-07.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2009. Published December 2009. Originally approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D1525-07. DOI:
10.1520/D1525-09.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Withdrawn.
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1525 – 09
FIG. 1 Apparatus for Softening Temperature Determination (Immersion Bath)
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Aflat-ended needle loaded with a specified mass is placed in direct contact with a test specimen. The mass applied can be
one of two accepted loads, as follows:
Loading1—10 60.2N
The specimen and needle are heated at either of two permissible rates, as follows:
The temperature at which the needle has penetrated to a depth of 1 60.01 mm is recorded as the Vicat softening temperature.
5. Significance
...

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Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Tension

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a simple means of characterizing the thermomechanical behavior of plastic materials using very small amounts of material. The data obtained is used for quality control, research and development, as well as the establishment of optimum processing conditions.  
5.2 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a sensitive method for determining thermomechanical characteristics by measuring the elastic and loss moduli as a function of frequency, temperature, or time. Plots of moduli and tan delta of a material versus these variables can be used to provide graphical representation indicative of functional properties, effectiveness of cure (thermosetting resin system), and damping behavior under specified conditions.  
5.2.1 Observed data are specific to experimental conditions. Reporting in full (as described in this test method) the conditions under which the data was obtained is essential to assist users with interpreting the data an reconciling apparent or perceived discrepancies.  
5.3 This test method can be used to assess:  
5.3.1 Modulus as a function of temperature,  
5.3.2 Modulus as a function of frequency,  
5.3.3 The effects of processing treatment, including orientation,  
5.3.4 Relative resin behavioral properties, including cure and damping,  
5.3.5 The effects of substrate types and orientation (fabrication) on elastic modulus,  
5.3.6 The effects of formulation additives which might affect processability or performance,  
5.3.7 The effects of annealing on modulus and glass transition temperature,  
5.3.8 The effect of aspect ratio on the modulus of fiber reinforcements, and  
5.3.9 The effect of fillers, additives on modulus and glass transition temperature.  
5.4 Before proceeding with this test method, make reference to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the relevant ASTM materials specificati...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for gathering and reporting the viscoelastic properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and composite systems in the form of rectangular specimens molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The tensile data generated is used to identify the thermomechanical properties of a plastic material or composition using a variety of dynamic mechanical instruments.  
1.2 This test method is intended to provide a means for determining viscoelastic properties of a wide variety of plastic materials using nonresonant forced-vibration techniques, in accordance with Practice D4065. Plots of the elastic (storage) modulus; loss (viscous) modulus; complex modulus and tan delta as a function of frequency, time, or temperature are indicative of significant transitions in the thermomechanical performance of the polymeric material system.  
1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.01 Hz to 100 Hz.  
1.4 Due to possible instrumentation compliance, the data generated are intended to indicate relative and not necessarily absolute property values.  
1.5 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 6721, Part 4.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Pri...

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ASTM
ASTM D2863-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides for the measuring of the minimum concentration of oxygen in a flowing mixture of oxygen and nitrogen that will just support flaming combustion of plastics. Correlation with burning characteristics under actual use conditions is not implied.  
5.2 In this test method, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire-test-exposure conditions described in this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard describes a procedure for measuring the minimum concentration of oxygen, expressed as percent volume, that will just support flaming combustion in a flowing mixture of oxygen and nitrogen.  
1.2 This test method provides three testing procedures. Procedure A involves top surface ignition, Procedure B involves propagating ignition, and Procedure C is a short procedure involving the comparison with a specified minimum value of the oxygen index.  
1.3 Test specimens used for this test method are prepared into one of six types of specimens (see Table 1).    
1.4 This test method provides for testing materials that are structurally self-supporting in the form of vertical bars or sheet up to 10.5-mm thick. Such materials are solid, laminated or cellular materials characterized by an apparent density greater than 15 kg/m3.  
1.5 This test method also provides for testing flexible sheet or film materials, while supported vertically.  
1.6 This test method is also suitable, in some cases, for cellular materials having an apparent density of less than 15 kg/m3.
Note 1: Although this test method has been found applicable for testing some other materials, the precision of the test method has not been determined for these materials, or for specimen geometries and test conditions outside those recommended herein.  
1.7 This test method measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statement are given in Section 10.  
1.10 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
Note 2: This test method and ISO 4589-2 are technically equivalent when using the gas measurement and control device described in 6.3.1, with direct oxygen concentration measurement.  
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D695-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Compression tests provide information about the compressive properties of plastics when employed under conditions approximating those under which the tests are made.  
4.2 Compressive properties include modulus of elasticity, yield stress, deformation beyond yield point, and compressive strength (unless the material merely flattens but does not fracture). Materials possessing a low order of ductility may not exhibit a yield point. In the case of a material that fails in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength has a very definite value. In the case of a material that does not fail in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength is an arbitrary one depending upon the degree of distortion that is regarded as indicating complete failure of the material. Many plastic materials will continue to deform in compression until a flat disk is produced, the compressive stress (nominal) rising steadily in the process, without any well-defined fracture occurring. Compressive strength can have no real meaning in such cases.  
4.3 Compression tests provide a standard method of obtaining data for research and development, quality control, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and special purposes. The tests cannot be considered significant for engineering design in applications differing widely from the load-time scale of the standard test. Such applications require additional tests such as impact, creep, and fatigue.  
4.4 Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the ASTM specification for the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, and testing parameters covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there is no material specification, then the default conditions apply. Table 1 in Classification D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mechanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced rigid plastics, including high-modulus composites, when loaded in compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or loading. Test specimens of standard shape are employed. This procedure is applicable for a composite modulus up to and including 41,370 MPa (6,000,000 psi).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1: For compressive properties of resin-matrix composites reinforced with oriented continuous, discontinuous, or cross-ply reinforcements, tests may be made in accordance with Test Method D3410/D3410M or D6641/D6641M.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement is given in 13.1.
Note 2: This standard is equivalent to ISO 604.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1929-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperature of Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Tests made under conditions herein prescribed can be of considerable value in comparing the relative ignition characteristics of different materials. Values obtained represent the lowest ambient air temperature that will cause ignition of the material under the conditions of this test. Test values are expected to rank materials according to ignition susceptibility under actual use conditions.  
4.2 This test is not intended to be the sole criterion for fire hazard. In addition to ignition temperatures, fire hazards include other factors such as burning rate or flame spread, intensity of burning, fuel contribution, products of combustion, and others.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire test response test method2 covers a laboratory determination of the flash ignition temperature and spontaneous ignition temperature of plastics using a hot-air furnace.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Caution—During the course of combustion, gases or vapors, or both, are evolved that have the potential to be hazardous to personnel.  
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 1.3 and 1.4.
Note 1: This test method and ISO 871-2022 (Option 1) are similar in all technical details.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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