ASTM C583-05(2009)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Refractory Materials at Elevated Temperatures
Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Refractory Materials at Elevated Temperatures
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Measuring the modulus of rupture of refractories at elevated temperatures has become a widely accepted means to evaluate materials at service temperatures. Many consumer companies have specifications based on this type of test.
This test method is limited to furnaces operating under oxidizing conditions. However, with modifications for atmosphere control in other test furnaces, the major criteria of this test procedure may be employed without change.
This test method is designed for progressive application of a force or stress on a specimen supported as a simple beam with center-point loading. Test apparatus designed for the progressive application of a strain may yield different results, especially since refractory materials will reach a semiplastic state at elevated temperatures where Hooke's law does not apply, that is, stress is then not proportional to strain.
This test method applies to fired dense refractory brick and shapes, chemically bonded brick and shapes, shapes formed from castables, plastics, or ramming materials, and any other refractory that can be formed to the required specimen dimension.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the high-temperature modulus of rupture of refractory brick or monolithic refractories in an oxidizing atmosphere and under action of a force or stress that is increased at a constant rate.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:C583–05 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Modulus of Rupture of Refractory Materials at Elevated
Temperatures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C583; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.4 This test method applies to fired dense refractory brick
and shapes, chemically bonded brick and shapes, shapes
1.1 This test method covers determination of the high-
formed from castables, plastics, or ramming materials, and any
temperature modulus of rupture of refractory brick or mono-
other refractory that can be formed to the required specimen
lithic refractories in an oxidizing atmosphere and under action
dimension.
of a force or stress that is increased at a constant rate.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Apparatus
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Use either an electrically heated or gas-fired furnace
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
(Note 1). A typical cross section of the furnace containing the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bearing edges is shown in Fig. 1. At least one pair of lower
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
bearing edges, made from volume-stable refractory material
2. Referenced Documents (Note 2), shall be installed in the furnace on 5-in. (127-mm)
centers. A thrust column, containing the top bearing edge that
2.1 ASTM Standards:
is made from volume-stable refractory material, shall extend
E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By
outside the furnace where means are provided for applying a
Comparison Techniques
load. The lower bearing edges and the bearing end of the
3. Significance and Use support column shall have rounded bearing surfaces having
about a ⁄4-in. (6-mm) radius (Note 3). The lower bearing
3.1 Measuring the modulus of rupture of refractories at
surfaces may be made adjustable, but must attain the standard
elevated temperatures has become a widely accepted means to
span of 5 6 ⁄32 in. (127 6 2 mm). The length of the lower
evaluate materials at service temperatures. Many consumer
bearing surfaces shall exceed the specimen width by about ⁄4
companies have specifications based on this type of test.
in. The load shall be applied to the upper bearing edge by any
3.2 This test method is limited to furnaces operating under
suitablemeans.Instrumentationformeasuringtheloadshallbe
oxidizing conditions. However, with modifications for atmo-
accurate to 1 %. The thrust column shall be maintained in
sphere control in other test furnaces, the major criteria of this
vertical alignment and all bearing surfaces parallel in both
test procedure may be employed without change.
horizontal directions.
3.3 This test method is designed for progressive application
of a force or stress on a specimen supported as a simple beam
NOTE 1—The test furnace can be so constructed so that a number of
with center-point loading. Test apparatus designed for the
specimens may be heated and tested at the same time. Bearing edges and
progressive application of a strain may yield different results, loading devices may be provided for a number of individual specimens,
but a more practical method is to provide means to move individual
especially since refractory materials will reach a semiplastic
specimens successively onto a single set of bearing edges for breaking.
state at elevated temperatures where Hooke’s law does not
The use of a separate holding furnace for specimens to be transferred into
apply, that is, stress is then not proportional to strain.
the test furnace for breaking is also satisfactory.
NOTE 2—A minimum of 90 % alumina content is recommended as a
suitable refractory.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
NOTE 3—All bearing surfaces should be checked periodically to main-
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.01 on Strength.
tain a round surface.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published September 2009. Originally
4.2 It is recommended that the furnace temperature be
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C583 – 05. DOI:
10.1520/C0583-05R09.
controlled with calibrated platinum-rhodium/platinum thermo-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
couples connected to a program-controller recorder (see Test
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Method E220). Temperature differential within the furnace
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. shall not be more than 620°F (11°C), but the controlling
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C583–05 (2009)
FIG. 1 Cross Section of Typical Apparatus (Heating Means Not Shown)
thermocouple shall be placed within ⁄2 in. (13 mm) of the 1800°F to the test temperature (Note 4). Maintain the test
geometric center of a side face of the test specimen when temperature for a minimum of3h(Note 5).
positioned on the bearing edges.
NOTE 4—Heating at 600°F (330°C)/h can initiate thermal shock in
4.3 Furnace Atmosphere—Above a furnace temperature of
some brick. A maximum heating rate of 150°F (83°C)/h is recommended
1470°F (800°C), the furnace atmosphere shall contain a
for materials sensitive to thermal shock.
minimum of 0.5 % oxygen with 0 % combustibles. Take the
NOTE 5—Maintaining specimens at test temperature for 3 h before load
application is adequate for most compositions and temperatures of
atmosphere sample from the furnace chamber proper, prefer-
interest. However, there may be certain compositions and temperatures
ably as near the test specimen as possible.
requiring additional holding time at temperature in order to obtain
consistent results. Experience and use of the test procedure will aid in
5. Sampling
determining when exploratory testing is required to arrive at the holding
5.1 The sample shall consist of five specimens, each taken
time necessary. If departure is made from the specified minimum time, the
from five brick or shapes or from test specimens made from
holding time used will be included in the report of the results.
monolithic aggregate refractories.
7.1.2 Unburned or Chemically Bonded Refractory
Products—The rate of heating from room temperature shall be
6. Test Specimen
600°F (330°C)/h to 1800°F (980°C), and 200°F (110°C)/h
1 1
6.1 The standard test specimen shall be 1 6 ⁄32 by 1 6 ⁄32
from 1800°F to the test temperature. Maintain the test tem-
by approximately 6 in. (25 6 0.8 by 25 6 0.8 by approxi-
perature for a minimum of 12 h.
mately 152 mm). Note in the report if other specimen sizes are
7.2 Following the holding period, move the specimen to the
used. Specimens cut from brick shall have at least one original
supporting bearing edges. When possible, an original face of
brick surface. If cut from shapes, the specimens shall
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C 583–00 Designation:C 583–05 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Modulus of Rupture of Refractory Materials at Elevated
Temperatures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 583; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers determination of the high-temperature modulus of rupture of refractory brick or monolithic
refractories in an oxidizing atmosphere and under action of a force or stress that is increased at a constant rate.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E 220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples by Comparison Techniques
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Measuring the modulus of rupture of refractories at elevated temperatures has become a widely accepted means to evaluate
materials at service temperatures. Many consumer companies have specifications based on this type of test.
3.2 This test method is limited to furnaces operating under oxidizing conditions. However, with modifications for atmosphere
control in other test furnaces, the major criteria of this test procedure may be employed without change.
3.3 This test method is designed for progressive application of a force or stress on a specimen supported as a simple beam with
center-point loading.Test apparatus designed for the progressive application of a strain may yield different results, especially since
refractory materials will reach a semiplastic state at elevated temperatures where Hooke’s law does not apply, that is, stress is then
not proportional to strain.
3.4 Thistestmethodappliestofireddenserefractorybrickandshapes,chemicallybondedbrickandshapes,shapesformedfrom
castables, plastics, or ramming materials, and any other refractory that can be formed to the required specimen dimension.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Use either an electrically heated or gas-fired furnace (Note 1).Atypical cross section of the furnace containing the bearing
edges is shown in Fig. 1. At least one pair of lower bearing edges, made from volume-stable refractory material (Note 2), shall
be installed in the furnace on 5-in. (127-mm) centers. A thrust column, containing the top bearing edge that is made from
volume-stable refractory material, shall extend outside the furnace where means are provided for applying a load. The lower
bearing edges and the bearing end of the support column shall have rounded bearing surfaces having about a ⁄4-in. (6-mm) radius
(Note 3). The lower bearing surfaces may be made adjustable, but must attain the standard span of 5 6 ⁄32 in. (127 6 2 mm). The
length of the lower bearing surfaces shall exceed the specimen width by about ⁄4 in.The load shall be applied to the upper bearing
edge by any suitable means. Instrumentation for measuring the load shall be accurate to 1 lbf (4.45 N). %.The thrust column shall
be maintained in vertical alignment and all bearing surfaces parallel in both horizontal directions.
NOTE 1—The test furnace can be so constructed so that a number of specimens may be heated and tested at the same time. Bearing edges and loading
devices may be provided for a number of individual specimens, but a more practical method is to provide means to move individual specimens
successively onto a single set of bearing edges for breaking. The use of a separate holding furnace for specimens to be transferred into the test furnace
for breaking is also satisfactory.
NOTE 2—A minimum of 90 % alumina content is recommended as a suitable refractory.
NOTE 3—All bearing surfaces should be checked periodically to maintain a round surface.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.01 on Strength.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2000. Published December 2000. Originally published as C 583–65. Last previous edition C 583–80(1995).
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published September 2009. Originally approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C 583 – 05.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
, Vol 14.03.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 583–05 (2009)
FIG. 1 Cross Section of Typical Apparatus (Heating Means Not Shown)
4.2 It is recommended that the furnace temperature be controlled with calibrated platinum-rhodium/platinum thermocouples
connected to a program-controller recorder (see Test Method E 220). Temperature differential within the furnace shall not be more
than 620°F (11°C), but the controlling thermocouple shall be placed within ⁄2 in. (13 mm) of the geometric center of a side face
of the test specimen when positioned on the bearing edges.
4.3 Furnace Atmosphere—Above a furnace temperature of 1470°F (800°C), the furnace atmosphere shall contain a minimum
of 0.5 % oxygen with 0 % combustibles. Take the atmosphere sample from the furnace chamber proper, preferably as near the test
specimen as possible.
5. Sampling
5.1 The sample shall consist of five specimens, each taken from five brick or shapes or from test specimens made from
monolithic aggregate refractories.
6. Test Specimen
1 1
6.1 The standard test specimen shall be 1 6 ⁄32 by 1 6 ⁄32 by approximately 6 in. (25 6 0.8 by 25 6 0.8 by approximately
152 mm). Note in the report if other specimen sizes are used. Specimens cut from brick shall have at least one original brick
surface. If cut from shapes, the specimens shall be taken parallel to the longest dimension. For irregular shapes, all four long
surfaces of the specimen may be cut faces. Note this in the report.
6.2 Opposite faces of the specimen shall be parallel, and adjacent faces shall be perpendicular.
6.3 Measure the width and depth of the test specimen at mid-span to the nearest 0.01 in. (0.3 mm).
7. Procedure
7.1 Set the specimens in either the test or holding furnace without an applied load, and heat to the test temperature using the
following schedule:
7.1.1 Burned Refractory Products—The rate of heating from room temperature shall not exceed 600°F (330°C)/h to 1800°F
(980°C), and shall not exceed 200°F (110°C)/h from 1800°F to the test temperature (Note 4). Maintain the test temperature for
a minimum of 3 h (Note 5).
NOTE 4—Heating at 600°F (330°C)/h can initiate thermal shock in some brick. A maximum heating rate of 150°F (83°C)/h is recommended for
materials sensitive to thermal shock.
NOTE 5—Maintaining specimens at test temperature for 3 h before load applicat
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