ASTM C1099-07(2019)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Carbon-Containing Refractory Materials at Elevated Temperatures
Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Carbon-Containing Refractory Materials at Elevated Temperatures
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The modulus of rupture of carbon-containing refractories at elevated temperatures has become accepted as a useful measurement in quality control testing and in research and development. These measurements are also used to determine the suitability of particular products for various applications and to develop specifications. The sample may undergo some oxidation during the test.
3.2 In 1988, ruggedness testing was conducted on this test procedure. The following variables were studied:
3.2.1 Testing temperature (2525 (1385) versus 2575 °F (1413 °C)),
3.2.2 Air atmosphere versus argon atmosphere in the furnace,
3.2.3 Hold time prior to breaking the sample (12 versus 18 min), and
3.2.4 Loading rate on the sample (175 (778) versus 350 lb/min (1556 N/min)).
3.3 Resin-bonded magnesia-carbon brick containing approximately 17 % carbon after coking were tested in two separate ruggedness tests. Metal-free brick were tested in the first ruggedness test, while aluminum-containing brick were tested in the second. Results were analyzed at a 95 % confidence level.
3.4 For the metal-free brick, the presence of an argon atmosphere and hold time had statistically significant effects on the modulus of rupture at 2550 °F (1400 °C). The argon atmosphere yielded a lower modulus of rupture. The samples tested in air had a well-sintered decarburized zone on the exterior surfaces, possibly explaining the higher moduli of rupture. The longer hold time caused a lower result for the metal-free brick.
3.5 For the aluminum-containing brick, testing temperature, the presence of an argon atmosphere, and loading rate had statistically significant effects on the modulus of rupture at 2550 °F (1400 °C). The higher testing temperature increased the measured result, the presence of an argon atmosphere lowered the result, and the higher loading rate increased the result.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the modulus of rupture of carbon-containing refractories at elevated temperatures in air.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units and degrees Fahrenheit are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 5.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1099 − 07 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Modulus of Rupture of Carbon-Containing Refractory
Materials at Elevated Temperatures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1099; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the modu-
3.1 The modulus of rupture of carbon-containing refracto-
lus of rupture of carbon-containing refractories at elevated
ries at elevated temperatures has become accepted as a useful
temperatures in air.
measurement in quality control testing and in research and
development. These measurements are also used to determine
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units and degrees
the suitability of particular products for various applications
Fahrenheit are to be regarded as standard. The values given in
and to develop specifications. The sample may undergo some
parentheses are for information only.
oxidation during the test.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 In 1988, ruggedness testing was conducted on this test
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
procedure. The following variables were studied:
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2.1 Testing temperature (2525 (1385) versus 2575 °F
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
(1413 °C)),
For specific hazard statements, see Section 5.
3.2.2 Air atmosphere versus argon atmosphere in the
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
furnace,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.3 Hold time prior to breaking the sample (12 versus
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
18 min), and
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.2.4 Loading rate on the sample (175 (778) versus 350 lb-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ⁄min (1556 N/min)).
3.3 Resin-bonded magnesia-carbon brick containing ap-
2. Referenced Documents
proximately 17 % carbon after coking were tested in two
2.1 ASTM Standards:
separate ruggedness tests. Metal-free brick were tested in the
C583 Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Refractory
first ruggedness test, while aluminum-containing brick were
Materials at Elevated Temperatures
tested in the second. Results were analyzed at a 95 % confi-
E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By
dence level.
Comparison Techniques
3.4 For the metal-free brick, the presence of an argon
2.2 ISO Standard:
atmosphereandholdtimehadstatisticallysignificanteffectson
ISO Recommendation 5013 Determination of the Hot
the modulus of rupture at 2550 °F (1400 °C). The argon
Modulus of Rupture of Shaped and Unshaped Dense and
atmosphere yielded a lower modulus of rupture. The samples
Insulating Refractory Products
tested in air had a well-sintered decarburized zone on the
exterior surfaces, possibly explaining the higher moduli of
rupture. The longer hold time caused a lower result for the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
metal-free brick.
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.01 on Strength.
Current edition approved April 1, 2019. Published April 2019. Originally
3.5 For the aluminum-containing brick, testing temperature,
approved in 1992. Previous edition approved in 2012 as C1099 – 07 (2012). DOI:
the presence of an argon atmosphere, and loading rate had
10.1520/C1099-07R19.
statistically significant effects on the modulus of rupture at
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2550 °F (1400 °C). The higher testing temperature increased
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the measured result, the presence of an argon atmosphere
the ASTM website.
lowered the result, and the higher loading rate increased the
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. result.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1099 − 07 (2019)
4. Apparatus parallel to the longest dimension. For irregular shapes, all four
longsurfacesofthespecimenmaybecutfaces.Notethisinthe
4.1 Electrically Heated Furnace—An electrically heated
report.
furnace should be used. The furnace will contain an air
atmosphere. 7.2 The test specimens shall be prepared from brick as they
are to be used. They shall not be coked prior to testing.
4.2 Lower Bearing Edges, at least one pair, made from
volume-stable refractory material (Note 1) shall be installed in 7.3 Opposite faces of the specimen shall be parallel, and
the furnace on 5-in. (127-mm) centers. adjacent faces shall be perpendicular.
4.3 Thrust Column, containing the top bearing edge that is 7.4 Measure the width and depth of the test specimen at
made from the same volume-stable refractory material used for midspan to the nearest 0.01 in. (0.3 mm).
thelowerbearingedges,shallextendoutsidethefurnacewhere
8. Procedure
means are provided for applying a load.
4.3.1 The lower bearing edges and the bearing end of the 8.1 Preheat the furnace to the test temperature and allow it
support column shall have rounded bearing surfaces having
to soak until thermal equilibrium is established.
about a ⁄4-in. (6-mm) radius (Note 2). The lower bearing
8.2 Specify the test temperature as 2550 6 10 °F (1400 6
surfaces may be made adjustable, but must attain the standard
6 °C). Note any deviation from 2550 °F in the report.
span of 5 6 ⁄32 in. (127 6 2 mm). The length of the lower
8.3 Once thermal equilibrium is established, open the fur-
bearing surfaces shall exceed the specimen width by about
nace door, place one specimen on the lower bearing edges
⁄4 in. The load shall be applied to the upper bearing edge by
keeping the original brick surface as the tension surface, and
any suitable means. Instrumentation for measuring the load
close the door as quickly as possible.
shall be accurate to 1 %.
4.3.2 The thrust column shall be maintained in vertical
8.4 Hold the sample for 15 min 6 30 s. Bring the top
alignment and all bearing surfaces shall be parallel in both
bearing edge to bear at mid-span on the specimen, ensure
horizontal directions.
proper alignment of the bearing surfaces, and apply pressure
through the loading mechanism until failure of the specimen
NOTE 1—A minimum of 90 % alumina conte
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