ASTM C242-15

Standard Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology pertains to the terminology used in ceramic whitewares and related products.  
1.2 Words adequately defined in standard dictionaries are not included. Included are words that are peculiar to this industry. Double words, hyphenated words, or phrases are listed alphabetically under the first word; additional important words are cross-referenced.  
1.3 For definitions of terms relating to surface imperfections on ceramics, refer to Terminology F109.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 28-Feb-2015
• ICS: 01.040.81 - Glass and ceramics industries (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 81.060.20 - Ceramic products
• ICS: 97.040.60 - Cookware, cutlery and flatware
• Technical Committee: C21 - Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
• Drafting Committee: C21.01 - Editorial and Terminology

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C242-14 - Standard Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2015
• Replaced By: ASTM C242-18 - Standard Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D2442-75(2020) - Standard Specification for Alumina Ceramics for Electrical and Electronic Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2015
• Referred By: ASTM C501-21 - Standard Test Method for Relative Resistance to Wear of Unglazed Ceramic Tile by the Taber Abraser
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2015
• Referred By: ASTM C1510-01(2020) - Standard Test Method for Color and Color Difference of Whitewares by Abriged Spectrophotometry
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2015
• Referred By: ASTM C1836-16(2023) - Standard Classification for Fiber Reinforced Carbon-Carbon Composite Structures
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2015
• Referred By: ASTM F2107-08(2020) - Standard Guide for Construction and Maintenance of Skinned Areas on Baseball and Softball Fields
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2015
• Referred By: ASTM F109-21 - Standard Terminology Relating to Surface Imperfections on Ceramics
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2015
• Referred By: ASTM C1793-15 - Standard Guide for Development of Specifications for Fiber Reinforced Silicon Carbide-Silicon Carbide Composite Structures for Nuclear Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2015
• Referred By: ASTM C484-20 - Standard Test Method for Thermal Shock Resistance of Glazed Ceramic Tile
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2015
• Referred By: ASTM C1835-16(2023) - Standard Classification for Fiber Reinforced Silicon Carbide-Silicon Carbide (SiC-SiC) Composite Structures
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2015
• Referred By: ASTM C1783-15 - Standard Guide for Development of Specifications for Fiber Reinforced Carbon-Carbon Composite Structures for Nuclear Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2015
• Referred By: ASTM C1026-13(2018) - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Resistance of Ceramic and Glass Tile to Freeze-Thaw Cycling
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2015
• Referred By: ASTM C485-16 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Warpage of Ceramic Tile
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2015
• Referred By: ASTM E284-22 - Standard Terminology of Appearance
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2015

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C242 − 15
Standard Terminology of
1
Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C242; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope absorbance—the logarithm of that fraction of an incident light
beam that is dissipated in the sample, being neither trans-
1.1 This terminology pertains to the terminology used in
mitted nor reflected.
ceramic whitewares and related products.
absorbed moisture—water held mechanically in the material
1.2 Words adequately defined in standard dictionaries are
and having physical properties not substantially different
not included. Included are words that are peculiar to this
from ordinary water at the same temperature and pressure.
industry. Double words, hyphenated words, or phrases are
listed alphabetically under the first word; additional important
absorption—(1) the relationship of the weight of the water
words are cross-referenced.
absorbed by a ceramic specimen, subjected to prescribed
immersion procedure, to the weight of the dry specimen.
1.3 For definitions of terms relating to surface imperfec-
(2) the capacity of a substance to take up a substance,
tions on ceramics, refer to Terminology F109.
usually a liquid or gas, with the formation of an apparently
homogeneous mixture.
2. Referenced Documents
2
adsorption—the capacity of a substance to accept and retain
2.1 ASTM Standards:
on its surface a layer of another substance, usually a gas or
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
a liquid.
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM
Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe-
agglomerate—a jumbled mass or collection of two or more
3
cialty Chemicals (Withdrawn 2009)
particles or aggregates, or a combination thereof, held
F109 Terminology Relating to Surface Imperfections on
together by relatively weak cohesive forces caused by weak
Ceramics
chemical bonding or an electrostatic surface charge gener-
F465 Practice for Developing Precision and Accuracy Data
ated by handling or processing.
on ASTM Method for the Analysis of Meat and Meat
DISCUSSION—Common usage in powder technology (and British
3
Products (Withdrawn 1993)
Standard BS 2955) has the terms “aggregate” and “agglomerate”
4
interchanged in meaning from the definitions presented here, and care
2.2 British Standard:
must be taken to determine in context which definition is in use.
BS 2955 Glossary of Terms Relating to Powders
aggregate—a dense mass of particles held together by strong
3. Terminology
intermolecular or atomic cohesive forces that is stable to
normal mixing techniques, including high-speed stirring and
absolute or true density—See absolute or true density under
ultrasonics.
density.
alumina porcelain—See alumina porcelain under porcelain.
alumina whiteware—See alumina whiteware under ceramic
whiteware.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on
Ceramic Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of andalusite—a polymorph, along with sillimanite and kyanite,
Subcommittee C21.01 on Editorial and Terminology.
of composition Al O ·SiO which on firing dissociates to
2 3 2
Current edition approved March 1, 2015. Published March 2015. Originally
yield principally mullite.
approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C242 – 14. DOI:
10.1520/C0242-15.
apparent or pycnometric density—See apparent or pycnomet-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
ric density under density.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
apparent porosity—See apparent porosity under porosity.
the ASTM website.
average particle size—a single value representing the entire
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
particle-size distribution.
www.astm.org.
4
DISCUSSION—It is essential to specify the basis under which the
Available from British Standards Institute, 2 Park St., London, England
W1A 2B5. average is obtained.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C242 − 15
ball clay—a secondary clay, commonly characterized by the calcine—aceramicmaterialormixturefiredtolessthanfusion
presence of organic matter, high plasticity, high dry strength, for use as a constituent in a ceramic composition.
long vitrification range, and a light color when fired.
capillary action—thephenomenonofintru
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C242 − 14 C242 − 15
Standard Terminology of
1
Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C242; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology pertains to the terminology used in ceramic whitewares and related products.
1.2 Words adequately defined in standard dictionaries are not included. Included are words that are peculiar to this industry.
Double words, hyphenated words, or phrases are listed alphabetically under the first word; additional important words are
cross-referenced.
1.3 For definitions of terms relating to surface imperfections on ceramics, refer to Terminology F109.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Specialty Chemicals
3
(Withdrawn 2009)
F109 Terminology Relating to Surface Imperfections on Ceramics
F465 Practice for Developing Precision and Accuracy Data on ASTM Method for the Analysis of Meat and Meat Products
3
(Withdrawn 1993)
4
2.2 British Standard:
BS 2955 Glossary of Terms Relating to Powders
3. Terminology
absolute or true density—See absolute or true density under density.
absorbance—the logarithm of that fraction of an incident light beam that is dissipated in the sample, being neither transmitted nor
reflected.
absorbed moisture—water held mechanically in the material and having physical properties not substantially different from
ordinary water at the same temperature and pressure.
absorption—(1) the relationship of the weight of the water absorbed by a ceramic specimen, subjected to prescribed immersion
procedure, to the weight of the dry specimen.
(2) the capacity of a substance to take up a substance, usually a liquid or gas, with the formation of an apparently
homogeneous mixture.
adsorption—the capacity of a substance to accept and retain on its surface a layer of another substance, usually a gas or a liquid.
agglomerate—a jumbled mass or collection of two or more particles or aggregates, or a combination thereof, held together by
relatively weak cohesive forces caused by weak chemical bonding or an electrostatic surface charge generated by handling or
processing.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C21.01
on Editorial and TeminologyTerminology.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014March 1, 2015. Published March 2014March 2015. Originally approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 20072014 as
C242 – 01 (2007).C242 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/C0242-14.10.1520/C0242-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
4
Available from British Standards Institute, 2 Park St., London, England W1A 2B5.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C242 − 15
DISCUSSION—
Common usage in powder technology (and British Standard BS 2955) has the terms “aggregate” and “agglomerate” interchanged in meaning from the
definitions presented here, and care must be taken to determine in context which definition is in use.
aggregate—a dense mass of particles held together by strong intermolecular or atomic cohesive forces that is stable to normal
mixing techniques, including high-speed stirring and ultrasonics.
alumina porcelain—See alumina porcelain under porcelain.
alumina whiteware—See alumina whiteware under ceramic whiteware.
andalusite—a polymorph, along with sillimanite and kyanite, of composition Al O ·SiO which on firing dissociates to yield
2 3 2
principally mullite.
apparent or pycnometric density—See apparent or pycnometric density under density.
apparent porosity—See apparent porosity under porosity.
average particle size—a single value representing the entire particle-size distribution.
DISCUSSION—
It is essential to specify the basis unde
...