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ASTM D1056-20

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials—Sponge or Expanded Rubber

Standard Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials—Sponge or Expanded Rubber

ABSTRACT
This specification covers flexible cellular rubber products known as sponge rubber and expanded rubber, but does not apply to latex foam rubber or ebonite cellular rubber. The base material for an open/closed cellular product may be made of synthetic, natural, or reclaimed rubber, or a mixture, and may contain other polymers or chemicals, or both, which may be modified by organic or inorganic additives. The cellular rubber shall be categorized by types, classes, suffixes, and grades: Types 1 and 2; Classes A, B, C, and D; Grades 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. The various grades of cellular rubber shall conform to the requirements as to physical properties specified. The following test methods shall be performed: accelerated aging tests; compression-deflection tests; oil-immersion test (open-cell sponge); fluid immersion tests (closed cell); water absorption test; density tests; and low-temperature flex test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible cellular rubber products known as sponge rubber and expanded rubber, but does not apply to latex foam rubber or ebonite cellular rubber. The base material for an open/closed cellular product may be made of synthetic, natural, or reclaimed rubber, or a mixture, and may contain other polymers or chemicals, or both, which may be modified by organic or inorganic additives. These elastomeric materials have properties similar to those of vulcanized rubber, namely (1) the ability to be converted from a thermoplastic to a thermosetting state by crosslinking (vulcanization) or (2) the substantial recovery of their original shapes when strained or elongated, or both.  
1.2 Extruded or molded shapes of sizes too small for cutting standard test specimens are difficult to classify or test by these methods and will usually require special testing procedures.  
1.3 In case of conflict between the provisions of this general specification and those of detailed specifications or test methods for a particular product, the latter shall take precedence. Reference to the test methods in this specification should specifically state the particular test or tests desired.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portions of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: ISO 6916-1 is similar to this specification.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Sep-2020
ICS
83.060 - Rubber
83.100 - Cellular materials
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.22 - Cellular Materials - Plastics and Elastomers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D5132-20 - Standard Test Method for Horizontal Burning Rate of Polymeric Materials Used in Occupant Compartments of Motor Vehicles
Effective Date
01-Feb-2020

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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D1056 −20
Standard Specification for
1,2
Flexible Cellular Materials—Sponge or Expanded Rubber
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1056; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environ-
mental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
1.1 This specification covers flexible cellular rubber prod-
limitations prior to use.
ucts known as sponge rubber and expanded rubber, but does
not apply to latex foam rubber or ebonite cellular rubber. The
NOTE 1—ISO 6916-1 is similar to this specification.
basematerialforanopen/closedcellularproductmaybemade
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
of synthetic, natural, or reclaimed rubber, or a mixture, and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
may contain other polymers or chemicals, or both, which may
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
be modified by organic or inorganic additives. These elasto-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
meric materials have properties similar to those of vulcanized
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
rubber, namely (1) the ability to be converted from a thermo-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
plastic to a thermosetting state by crosslinking (vulcanization)
or (2) the substantial recovery of their original shapes when
2. Referenced Documents
strained or elongated, or both.
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 Extrudedormoldedshapesofsizestoosmallforcutting
D395Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression Set
standard test specimens are difficult to classify or test by these
D412TestMethodsforVulcanizedRubberandThermoplas-
methods and will usually require special testing procedures.
tic Elastomers—Tension
D471Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
1.3 Incaseofconflictbetweentheprovisionsofthisgeneral
D573Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration in an Air
specification and those of detailed specifications or test meth-
Oven
ods for a particular product, the latter shall take precedence.
D575Test Methods for Rubber Properties in Compression
Reference to the test methods in this specification should
D624Test Method for Tear Strength of Conventional Vul-
specifically state the particular test or tests desired.
canized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers
1.4 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
D832Practice for Rubber Conditioning For Low Tempera-
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
ture Testing
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
and are not considered standard.
D1171Test Method for Rubber Deterioration—Surface
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
Ozone Cracking Outdoors (Triangular Specimens)
test methods portions of this specification: This standard does
D2632Test Method for Rubber Property—Resilience by
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
Vertical Rebound
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
D3182PracticeforRubber—Materials,Equipment,andPro-
cedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Preparing
Standard Vulcanized Sheets
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
D3183Practice for Rubber—Preparation of Pieces for Test
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular
Purposes from Products
Materials - Plastics and Elastomers.
D5132Test Method for Horizontal Burning Rate of Poly-
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of
Defense to replace Methods12001, 12005, 12011, 12021, 12031, 12041, 12151,
meric Materials Used in Occupant Compartments of
and12411 of Federal Test Method Standard No. 601.
Motor Vehicles
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of
Defense to replace MIL-STD-670 and MIL-STD-C 3133, which were discontinued
in 1986.
3
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2020. Published November 2020. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D1056-14. DOI: contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
10.1520/D1056-20. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document S
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1056 − 14 D1056 − 20
Standard Specification for
1,2
Flexible Cellular Materials—Sponge or Expanded Rubber
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1056; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers flexible cellular rubber products known as sponge rubber and expanded rubber, but does not apply
to latex foam rubber or ebonite cellular rubber. The base material for an open/closed cellular product may be made of synthetic,
natural, or reclaimed rubber, or a mixture, and may contain other polymers or chemicals, or both, which may be modified by
organic or inorganic additives. These elastomeric materials have properties similar to those of vulcanized rubber, namely (1) the
ability to be converted from a thermoplastic to a thermosetting state by crosslinking (vulcanization) or (2) the substantial recovery
of their original shapes when strained or elongated, or both.
1.2 Extruded or molded shapes of sizes too small for cutting standard test specimens are difficult to classify or test by these
methods and will usually require special testing procedures.
1.3 In case of conflict between the provisions of this general specification and those of detailed specifications or test methods for
a particular product, the latter shall take precedence. Reference to the test methods in this specification should specifically state
the particular test or tests desired.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portions of this specification: This standard does not
purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—ISO 6916-1 is similar to this specification.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular Materials - Plastics
and Elastomers.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense to replace Methods 12001, 12005, 12011, 12021, 12031, 12041, 12151, and 12411
of Federal Test Method Standard No. 601.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense to replace MIL-STD-670 and MIL-STD-C 3133, which were discontinued in 1986.
Current edition approved March 1, 2014Oct. 1, 2020. Published April 2014November 2020. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 20072014
as D1056 - 07.D1056 - 14. DOI: 10.1520/D1056-14.10.1520/D1056-20.
2
This version supersedes all prior versions of this specification.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1056 − 20
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D395 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression Set
D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers—Tension
D471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
D573 Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration in an Air Oven
D575 Test Methods for Rubber Properties in Compression
D624 Test Method for Tear Strength of Conventional Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers
D832 Practice for Rubber Conditioning For Low Temperature Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1171 Test Method for Rubber Deterioration—Surface Ozone Cracking Outdoors (Triangular Specimens)
D2632 Test Method for Rubber Property—Resilience
...

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ASTM
ASTM D8042-18(2023)(Test Method)
Test Method for Shrinkage Temperature of Wet Blue and Wet White

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to determine the temperature at which the Wet Blue or Wet White specimen experiences shrinkage. In this test method, shrinkage occurs as a result of hydrothermal denaturation of the collagen protein molecules which make up the fiber structure of the Wet Blue or Wet White. The shrinkage temperature of Wet Blue or Wet White is influenced by many different factors, most of which appear to affect the number and nature of crosslinking interactions between adjacent polypeptide chains of the collagen protein molecules. The value of the shrinkage temperature of Wet Blue or Wet White is commonly used as an indicator of the type of tannage or the degree of tannage, or both, of that particular Wet Blue or Wet White (especially for the more hydrothermally stable tannages such as chrome tannage).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the shrinkage temperature of all types of Wet Blue and Wet White. The heating medium is water when the shrinkage temperature is at or below 98 °C. The heating medium is a glycerine-water solution when the shrinkage temperature is above 98 °C.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8530/D8530M-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for the Selection and Use of Waterstops

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended to be used in the selection and installation of waterstops in cast-in-place concrete construction. This guide is intended to assist the building owner, owner’s representative, architect, engineer, contractor, and/or authorized inspector during the specification and installation of waterstops.  
4.2 This guide is applicable to cast-in-place concrete construction. The use of this guide may not be appropriate for installation of waterstops in other types of concrete construction, including but not limited to, pneumatically applied (that is, shotcrete) and precast concrete construction.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the use of waterstops within cast-in-place concrete construction. Waterstops are generally placed within static, non-moving construction joints in concrete to close off the joint to water, which may be under significant hydrostatic pressure. They are used as part of the overall waterproofing strategy for a building or other structure. Expansion and other types of moving joints may require the use of waterstops, which can accommodate the anticipated movement of the structure and are beyond the scope of this guide.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents: therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2956-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Monitoring the Neutron Exposure of LWR Reactor Pressure Vessels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Regulatory Requirements—The USA Code of Federal Regulations (10CFR Part 50, Appendix H) requires the implementation of a reactor vessel materials surveillance program for all operating LWRs. Other countries have similar regulations. The purpose of the program is to (1) monitor changes in the fracture toughness properties of ferritic materials in the reactor vessel beltline6 resulting from exposure to neutron irradiation and the thermal environment, and (2) make use of the data obtained from surveillance programs to determine the conditions under which the vessel can be operated with adequate margins of safety throughout its service life. Practice E185, derived mechanical property data, and (r, θ, z) physics-dosimetry data (derived from the calculations and reactor cavity and surveillance capsule measurements (1) using physics-dosimetry standards) can be used together with information in Guide E900 and Refs. 4, 11-18 to provide a relation between property degradation and neutron exposure, commonly called a “trend curve.” To obtain this trend curve at all points in the pressure vessel wall requires that the selected trend curve be used together with the appropriate (r, θ, z) neutron field information derived by use of this guide to accomplish the necessary interpolations and extrapolations in space and time.  
4.2 Neutron Field Characterization—The tasks required to satisfy the second part of the objective of 4.1 are complex and are summarized in Practice E853. In doing this, it is necessary to describe the neutron field at selected (r, θ, z) points within the pressure vessel wall. The description can be either time dependent or time averaged over the reactor service period of interest. This description can best be obtained by combining neutron transport calculations with plant measurements such as reactor cavity (ex-vessel) and surveillance capsule or RPV cladding (in-vessel) measurements, benchmark irradiations of dosimeter sensor materials, and knowledge of th...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the means and frequency of monitoring the neutron exposure of the LWR reactor pressure vessel throughout its operating life.  
1.2 The physics-dosimetry relationships determined from this guide may be used to estimate reactor pressure vessel damage through the application of Practice E693 and Guide E900, using fast neutron fluence (E > 1.0 MeV and E > 0.1 MeV), displacements per atom (dpa), or damage-function-correlated exposure parameters as independent exposure variables. Supporting the application of these standards are the E853, E944, E1005, and E1018 standards, identified in 2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    12 pages
    English language
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  • Guide
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off