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ASTM D7744/D7744M-11

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Tensile Testing of High Performance Polyethylene Tapes

Standard Test Methods for Tensile Testing of High Performance Polyethylene Tapes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The levels of tensile properties obtained when testing high performance polyethylene tapes are dependent on the age and history of the specimen and on the specific conditions used during the test. Among these conditions are rate of stretching, type of clamps, gauge length of specimen, temperature and humidity of the atmosphere, rate of airflow across the specimen, and temperature and moisture content of the specimen. Testing conditions accordingly are specified precisely to obtain reproducible test results on a specific sample.
Breaking strength is used in engineering calculations when designing various types of products. When needed to compare intrinsic strength characteristics tapes of different sizes or different types of tape, breaking tenacity is very useful because, for a given type of tape, breaking force is approximately proportional to linear density.
Elongation of tape is taken into consideration in the design and engineering of reinforced products because of its effect on uniformity of the finished product and its dimensional stability during service.
The FASE is used to monitor changes in characteristics of the material during the various stages involved in the processing.
Modulus is a measure of the resistance of tape to extension as a force is applied. Although modulus may be determined at any specified force, initial modulus is the value most commonly used.
Work-to-break is dependent on the relationship of force to elongation. It is a measure of the ability of a textile structure to absorb mechanical energy. Breaking toughness is work-to-break per unit mass.
Shape, size, and internal construction of the end-product can have appreciable effect on product performance. It is not possible, therefore, to evaluate the performance of end product in terms of the reinforcing material alone.
If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to dete...
SCOPE
1.1 The test method covers the tensile testing of high performance polyethylene tapes. The method includes testing procedure only and includes no specifications or tolerances.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard includes the following test methods: Section Breaking Strength (Force)11 Breaking Tenacity12 Breaking Toughness17 Elongation at Break13 Force at Specified Elongation (FASE)14 Linear Density10 Modulus15 Work-to-Break16
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Jul-2011
ICS
83.180 - Adhesives
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.19 - Industrial Fibers and Metallic Reinforcements
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D7744/D7744M-20 - Standard Test Methods for Tensile Testing of High Performance Polyethylene Films
Effective Date
15-Mar-2020

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ASTM D7744/D7744M-11 - Standard Test Methods for Tensile Testing of High Performance Polyethylene TapesASTM D7744/D7744M-11 - Standard Test Methods for Tensile Testing of High Performance Polyethylene Tapes
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ASTM D7744/D7744M-11 - Standard Test Methods for Tensile Testing of High Performance Polyethylene Tapes
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7744/D7744M − 11
Standard Test Methods for
1
Tensile Testing of High Performance Polyethylene Tapes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7744/D7744M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Related Properties of Textiles
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid
1.1 The test method covers the tensile testing of high
Plastics Specimens
performance polyethylene tapes. The method includes testing
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
procedure only and includes no specifications or tolerances.
ASTM Test Methods
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining 3. Terminology
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.1 Definitions:
with the standard.
3.1.1 high-performance polyethylene, n—a polyethylene
yarn or tape with a tenacity at break of minimally 1000 mN/tex
1.3 This standard includes the following test methods:
[11 gpd].
Section
Breaking Strength (Force) 11
3.1.2 tape, n—in high performance end-uses, a flat, highly-
Breaking Tenacity 12
oriented strip of polymer material.
Breaking Toughness 17
Elongation at Break 13
3.2 Definitions:For definitions of terms related to force and
Force at Specified Elongation 14
deformation in textiles, refer to Terminology D4848.
(FASE)
Linear Density 10
3.3 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
Modulus 15
breaking force, breaking strength, breaking tenacity, breaking
Work-to-Break 16
toughness, modulus, force-extension curve, force-elongation
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
curve, elongation, force at specified elongation (FASE), tensile
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
strength, and work-to-break.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3.4 For definitions of other terms related to textiles, refer to
Terminology D123.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Summary of Test Method
2. Referenced Documents
2
4.1 A conditioned polyethylene tape is clamped in a con-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
stant rate of extension tensile testing machine (CRE) and then
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
stretched or loaded until broken.
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
4.2 Breaking force, elongation, and force at specified elon-
D1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Num-
gation (FASE) are determined directly. Modulus and work-to-
ber) by the Skein Method
break are calculated from the force-elongation curve.
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
5. Significance and Use
D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and
5.1 The levels of tensile properties obtained when testing
high performance polyethylene tapes are dependent on the age
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
and history of the specimen and on the specific conditions used
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.19 on Industrial Fibers and
during the test. Among these conditions are rate of stretching,
Metallic Reinforcements.
type of clamps, gauge length of specimen, temperature and
Current edition approved July 15, 2011. Published September 2011. DOI:
10.1520/D7744_D7744M–11.
humidity of the atmosphere, rate of airflow across the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
specimen, and temperature and moisture content of the speci-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
men. Testing conditions accordingly are specified precisely to
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. obtain reproducible test results on a specific sample.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7744/D7744M − 11
5.2 Breaking strength is used in engineering calculations paper has been found to reduce slippage. Air-actuated or
when designing various types of products. When needed to hydraulic grips have been found advantageous. In cases where
compare intrinsic strength characteristics tapes of different samples frequently fail
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The levels of tensile properties obtained when testing high performance polyethylene films are dependent on the age and history of the specimen and on the specific conditions used during the test. Among these conditions are rate of stretching, type of clamps, gauge length of specimen, temperature and humidity of the atmosphere, rate of airflow across the specimen, and temperature and moisture content of the specimen. Testing conditions accordingly are specified precisely to obtain reproducible test results on a specific sample.  
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1.1 These test methods cover the tensile testing of high performance polyethylene films. The methods include testing procedure only and include no specifications or tolerances.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard includes the following test methods:    
Section  
Breaking Force  
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Breaking Tenacity  
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Toughness at Break  
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Force at Specified Elongation (FASE)  
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4.1 Creep data that are obtained over a relatively short period of time in this test method can provide a measure of an adhesive bond's ability to withstand static loading in shear over a relatively long period of time. Creep measurements are made over a range of expected service conditions, including level of stress, temperature, relative humidity, and duration of load. Creep rate, creep strain, and creep modulus are calculated at the various service conditions.  
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1.1 This terminology standard is a compilation of definitions used in the science and technology of the adhesives industry. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.  
1.2 Any changes in this standard since 1988 are documented as follows:  
1.2.1 Appendix X1 gives a history of revisions made since 1988. Table X1.1 lists the terms that are affected as: (1) Terms Added, (2) Terms Revised, and (3) Terms Deleted.
1.2.1.1 In Table X1.1, the year of publication in Volume 15.06 is shown in parentheses following the term.  
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5.1 This test method evaluates the performance of the adhesive in laminated wood as measured by resistance to creep under static load.  
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4.1 Tension tests provide reasonably accurate information with regard to the tensile strength of adhesives. Tensile strength data may be suitable for specification acceptance, service evaluation, manufacturing control, research, and development. Tension tests are not considered significant for applications differing from the test in rate, direction, and type of loading.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative tensile strength of adhesives by the use of bar- and rod-shaped butt-joined specimens under defined conditions of preparation, conditioning, and testing. This test method is applicable to the testing of adhesives with various adherend materials in either similar or dissimilar combinations.  
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Standard Specification for Adhesives for Wood-Based Materials for Construction of Manufactured Homes

ABSTRACT
This specification provides the means to measure and evaluate the performance of adhesives for structural or semistructural bonding of wood-to-wood in manufactured homes. Wood as used in this specification includes lumber, plywood, particleboard, gypsum board, and all materials having woodbased surfaces at the bondline. The adhesives can be classified according to resistance to deformation: Group A or structural, and Group B or semistructural. Also, the adhesives may be designated into three types, according to their recommended use based on their resistance to water and water vapor: Type 1 for interior and exterior use, Type 2 for weather-protected interior use, and Type 3 for interior use only. Different tests shall be performed in order to determine the following properties of adhesives: shear strength, gap-filling ability, total deformation resistance, moisture and temperature limitation during fabrication, high-temperature resistance, low-temperature resistance, moisture resistance, aging, oxidation resistance, and mold resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the means to measure and evaluate the performance of adhesives for structural or semi-structural bonding of wood-to-wood in manufactured homes. Wood as used in this specification includes lumber, plywood, particleboard, gypsum board, and all materials having wood-based surfaces at the bondline. This specification does not cover other adhesives used in manufactured homes such as adhesives for carpet, floor tile, ceramic fixtures, plastic laminates, trim and millwork, and similar nonstructural applications.  
1.1.1 The performance of the adhesives is measured in the following tests:    
Number  
Test  
Section  
1  
Low Temperature  
16  
2  
Dry Lumber  
17  
3  
Gap-Filling  
18  
4  
High Temperature  
19  
5  
Type 3 Qualification  
20  
6  
Type 2 Qualification  
21  
7  
Aging, Film Oxidation  
22  
8  
Aging, Bond Oxidation  
23  
9  
Resistance to Deformation, Creep  
24  
10  
Mold  
25  
11  
Type 1 Qualification  
26  
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4.1 Structural design based on strength-of-materials principles requires knowledge of the mechanical properties of the structural components, including adhesives. By nature of their use, the most important property of adhesive is shear strength.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of comparative shear properties of gap-filling adhesives in wood-to-wood joints at specified thicknesses of bondline in the dry condition, when tested on standard specimens under specified conditions of preparation, conditioning, and loading in compression. This test method is intended as an evaluation of gap-filling adhesives such as those used to bond plywood to lumber, lumber to lumber, and other similar materials in building constructions.  
1.2 This test method also may be used to determine shear properties of gap-filling adhesives in species of wood and in thicknesses of bondline other than those specified for the comparative tests of shear properties within this test method. All procedures specified herein are applicable, excepting requirements for wood species and specific gravity, and thicknesses of bondlines.  
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