ASTM D2256-02(2008)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the Single-Strand Method
Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the Single-Strand Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Acceptance Testing—Option A1 of Test Method D 2256 is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because the test method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. However, this statement is not applicable to knot and loop breaking force tests, tests on wet specimens, tests on oven-dried specimens, or tests on specimens exposed to low or high temperatures and should be used with caution for acceptance testing because factual information on between-laboratory precision and bias is not available.
If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
Fundamental Properties—The breaking tenacity, calculated from the breaking force and the linear density, and the elongation are fundamental properties that are widely used to establish limitations on yarn processing or conversion and on their end-use applications. Initial modulus is a measure of the resistance of the yarn to extension at forces below the yield point. The chord modulus is used to estimate the resistance to imposed strain. The breaking toughness is a measure of the work necessary to break the yarn.
Comparison to Skein Testing—The single-strand method gives a more accurate measure of b...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of tensile properties of monofilament, multifilament, and spun yarns, either single, plied, or cabled with the exception of yarns that stretch more than 5.0 % when tension is increased from 0.05 to 1.0 cN/tex (0.5 to 1.0 gf/tex).
1.2 This test method covers the measurement of breaking force and elongation of yarns and includes directions for the calculation of breaking tenacity, initial modulus, chord modulus, and breaking toughness.
1.2.1 Options are included for the testing of specimens in: (A) straight, (B) knotted, and (C) looped form.
1.2.2 Conditions of test are included for the testing of specimens that are: (1) conditioned air, (2) wet, not immersed, (3) wet, immersed, (4) oven-dried, (5) exposed to elevated temperature, or (6) exposed to low temperature.
Note 1—Special methods for testing yarns made from specific fibers; namely, glass, flax, hemp, ramie, and kraft paper and for specific products; namely, tire cords and rope, have been published: Test Methods D 885, and Specification D 578.
Note 2—For directions covering the determination of breaking force of yarn by the skein method refer to Test Method D 1578.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D2256–02 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
1
Tensile Properties of Yarns by the Single-Strand Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2256; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope Organic-Base Fibers
D1578 TestMethodforBreakingStrengthofYarninSkein
1.1 This test method covers the determination of tensile
Form
properties of monofilament, multifilament, and spun yarns,
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
either single, plied, or cabled with the exception of yarns that
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
stretchmorethan5.0%whentensionisincreasedfrom0.05to
D2904 PracticeforInterlaboratoryTestingofaTextileTest
1.0 cN/tex (0.5 to 1.0 gf/tex).
Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data
1.2 This test method covers the measurement of breaking
D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for
force and elongation of yarns and includes directions for the
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Textiles
calculation of breaking tenacity, initial modulus, chord modu-
D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and
lus, and breaking toughness.
Related Properties of Textiles
1.2.1 Options are included for the testing of specimens in:
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
(A) straight, (B) knotted, and (C) looped form.
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
1.2.2 Conditions of test are included for the testing of
specimens that are: (1) conditioned air, (2) wet, not immersed,
3. Terminology
(3) wet, immersed, (4) oven-dried, (5) exposed to elevated
3.1 Definitions:
temperature, or (6) exposed to low temperature.
3.1.1 Refer to Terminology D4848 for definitions of the
NOTE 1—Special methods for testing yarns made from specific fibers;
followingtermsusedinthisstandard:breakingforce,breaking
namely,glass,flax,hemp,ramie,andkraftpaperandforspecificproducts;
strength, breaking tenacity, breaking toughness, chord modu-
namely, tire cords and rope, have been published: Test Methods D885,
lus, elongation, elongation at break, elongation at rupture,
and Specification D578.
initial modulus, knot-breaking force, knot breaking strength,
NOTE 2—Fordirectionscoveringthedeterminationofbreakingforceof
yarn by the skein method refer to Test Method D1578. linear density, loop breaking force, loop-breaking strength,
single-strand breaking force, single-strand breaking strength,
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
strength and tenacity.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.2 Refer toTerminology D123 andTerminology D4849
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and for definitions of other terms used in this standard.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Single-strand yarn specimens are broken on a tension
2. Referenced Documents
testing machine at a predetermined elongation rate and the
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
breaking force and the elongation at break are determined.
D76 SpecificationforTensileTestingMachinesforTextiles
Elongation at a specified force or the force or tenacity at a
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
specified elongation may also be obtained. Breaking force,
D578 Specification for Glass Fiber Strands
breaking tenacity, elongation, initial and chord modulus, and
D885 Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and
breaking toughness of the test specimen, in terms of linear
Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured
density, may be calculated from machine scales, dials, record-
ing charts, or by an interfaced computer.
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4.2 This test method offers the following three physical
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers. configurations of the specimen:
Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published August 2008. Originally
4.2.1 Configuration A, straight.
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D2256–02.
4.2.2 Configuration B, knotted.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
3
the ASTM website. Withdrawn.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D2256–02 (2008)
4.2.
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D2256–97 Designation:D2256–02 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
1
Tensile Properties of Yarns by the Single-Strand Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2256; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftensilepropertiesofmonofilament,multifilament,andspunyarns,eithersingle,
plied, or cabled with the exception of yarns that stretch more than 5.0% when tension is increased from 0.05 to 1.0 cN/tex (0.5
to 1.0 gf/tex).
1.2 This test method covers the measurement of breaking force and elongation of yarns and includes directions for the
calculation of breaking tenacity, initial modulus, chord modulus, and breaking toughness.
1.2.1 Options are included for the testing of specimens in: (A) straight, (B) knotted, and (C) looped form.
1.2.2 Conditions of test are included for the testing of specimens that are: (1) conditioned air, (2) wet, not immersed, (3) wet,
immersed, (4) oven-dried, (5) exposed to elevated temperature, or (6) exposed to low temperature.
NOTE 1—Special methods for testing yarns made from specific fibers; namely, asbestos, glass, flax, hemp, ramie, and kraft paper and for specific
products; namely, tire cords and rope, have been published: Test Methods D885, Specification D299, and Specification D578.
NOTE 2—For directions covering the determination of breaking force of yarn by the skein method refer to Test Method D1578.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
D76 Specifications for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
2
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
D299Specification for Asbestos Yarns Terminology Relating to Textiles
2
D578 Specification for Glass Fiber Yarns Strands
D885Methods of Testing Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Filament Yarns Made from
Manufactured Organic-Base Fibers
D1578 Test Method for Breaking Strength of Yarn in Skein Form
2
D1776Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
2
D2101Test Method for Tensile Properties of Single Man-Made Textile Fibers Taken from Yarns and Tows Practice for
Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
D2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data
4
D2906Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for Textiles Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for Textiles
D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and Related Properties of Textiles
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
E178 Practice for Dealing withWith Outlying Observations
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
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ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD-13onTextilesandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD13.58onYarnTestMethods,General.
Current edition approved Jan 10, 1997. Published March 1997. Originally published as D2256–64 T. Last previous edition D2256–95a.
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.
Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published August 2008. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D2256–02.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 7.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D2256–02 (2008)
3.1.1breaking force, n—the maximum force applied to a material carried to rupture. (Compare breaking point, breaking
strength. Syn., force at break).
3.1.2breaking strength, n—strength expressed in terms of the breaking force. (See also breaking force and strength. Syn.,
strength at break).
3.1.3breaking tenacity, n—the t
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