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ASTM D2256-02

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the Single-Strand Method

Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the Single-Strand Method

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of tensile properties of monofilament, multifilament, and spun yarns, either single, plied, or cabled with the exception of yarns that stretch more than 5.0 % when tension is increased from 0.05 to 1.0 cN/tex (0.5 to 1.0 gf/tex).
1.2 This test method covers the measurement of breaking force and elongation of yarns and includes directions for the calculation of breaking tenacity, initial modulus, chord modulus, and breaking toughness.
1.2.1 Options are included for the testing of specimens in: (A) straight, (B) knotted, and (C) looped form.
1.2.2 Conditions of test are included for the testing of specimens that are: (1) conditioned air, (2) wet, not immersed, (3) wet, immersed, (4) oven-dried, (5) exposed to elevated temperature, or (6) exposed to low temperature.
Note 1—Special methods for testing yarns made from specific fibers; namely, glass, flax, hemp, ramie, and kraft paper and for specific products; namely, tire cords and rope, have been published: Test Method D 885, and Specification D 578.
Note 2—For directions covering the determination of breaking force of yarn by the skein method refer to Test Method D 1578.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Sep-2002
ICS
59.080.20 - Yarns
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.58 - Yarns and Fibers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2256-97 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the Single-Strand Method
Effective Date
10-Sep-2002
Replaced By
ASTM D2256-02(2008) - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the Single-Strand Method
Effective Date
01-Jul-2008
Referred By
ASTM F1551-09(2017) - Standard Test Methods for Comprehensive Characterization of Synthetic Turf Playing Surfaces and Materials
Effective Date
10-Sep-2002
Referred By
ASTM D5446-08(2019) - Standard Practice for Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable Restraints
Effective Date
10-Sep-2002
Referred By
ASTM D76/D76M-21 - Standard Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
Effective Date
10-Sep-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7508/D7508M-20 - Standard Specification for Polyolefin Chopped Strands for Use in Concrete
Effective Date
10-Sep-2002
Referred By
ASTM D1578-93(2022) - Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength of Yarn in Skein Form
Effective Date
10-Sep-2002
Referred By
ASTM D3218-07(2018) - Standard Specification for Polyolefin Monofilaments
Effective Date
10-Sep-2002

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ASTM D2256-02 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the Single-Strand MethodASTM D2256-02 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the Single-Strand Method
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ASTM D2256-02 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the Single-Strand Method
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D2256–02
Standard Test Method for
1
Tensile Properties of Yarns by the Single-Strand Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2256; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D1578 TestMethodforBreakingStrengthofYarninSkein
2
Form
1.1 This test method covers the determination of tensile
2
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
properties of monofilament, multifilament, and spun yarns,
2
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
either single, plied, or cabled with the exception of yarns that
D2904 PracticeforInterlaboratoryTestingofaTextileTest
stretchmorethan5.0%whentensionisincreasedfrom0.05to
2
Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data
1.0 cN/tex (0.5 to 1.0 gf/tex).
D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for
1.2 This test method covers the measurement of breaking
2
Textiles
force and elongation of yarns and includes directions for the
D3822 TestMethodforTensilePropertiesofSingleTextile
calculation of breaking tenacity, initial modulus, chord modu-
3
Fibers
lus, and breaking toughness.
D4848 Terminology of Force, Deformation and Related
1.2.1 Options are included for the testing of specimens in:
3
Properties of Textiles
(A) straight, (B) knotted, and (C) looped form.
3
D4849 Terminology Relating to Yarns and Fibers
1.2.2 Conditions of test are included for the testing of
4
E178 Practice for Dealing with Outlying Observations
specimens that are: (1) conditioned air, (2) wet, not immersed,
(3) wet, immersed, (4) oven-dried, (5) exposed to elevated
3. Terminology
temperature, or (6) exposed to low temperature.
3.1 Definitions:
NOTE 1—Special methods for testing yarns made from specific fibers;
3.1.1 Refer to Terminology D4848 for definitions of the
namely,glass,flax,hemp,ramie,andkraftpaperandforspecificproducts;
followingtermsusedinthisstandard:breakingforce,breaking
namely,tirecordsandrope,havebeenpublished:TestMethodD885,and
strength, breaking tenacity, breaking toughness, chord modu-
Specification D578.
lus, elongation, elongation at break, elongation at rupture,
NOTE 2—Fordirectionscoveringthedeterminationofbreakingforceof
yarn by the skein method refer to Test Method D1578. initial modulus, knot-breaking force, knot breaking strength,
linear density, loop breaking force, loop-breaking strength,
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
single-strand breaking force, single-strand breaking strength,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
strength and tenacity.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2 Refer toTerminology D123 andTerminology D4849
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
and for definitions of other terms used in this standard.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Summary of Test Method
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 Single-strand yarn specimens are broken on a tension
2.1 ASTM Standards:
testing machine at a predetermined elongation rate and the
D76 Specifications for Tensile Testing Machines for Tex-
breaking force and the elongation at break are determined.
2
tiles
Elongation at a specified force or the force or tenacity at a
2
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
2 specified elongation may also be obtained. Breaking force,
D578 Specification for Glass Fiber Yarns
breaking tenacity, elongation, initial and chord modulus, and
D885 Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and
breaking toughness of the test specimen, in terms of linear
Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured
density, may be calculated from machine scales, dials, record-
2
Organic-Base Fibers
ing charts, or by an interfaced computer.
4.2 This test method offers the following three physical
configurations of the specimen:
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2002. Published November 2002. Originally
3
published as D2256–64 T. Last previous edition D2256–97. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.
2 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2256–02
4.2.1 Configuration A, straight. material. The skein-breaking force is always lower than the
4.2.2 Configuration B, knotted. sum of the breaking forces of the sa
...

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5.1 Test Method D6612 for yarn number and yarn number variability is satisfactory for acceptance of commercial shipments and is used in the trade.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between the reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, samples used for each comparative tests should be as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that results in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. Other fabrics with established tests values are used for this purpose. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared appropriate statistical analysis and a probability level chosen by the two parties before testing begins, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
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1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore to ensure conformance with this standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
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Standard Test Method for Twist in Yarns by Direct-Counting

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D1423 for testing twist in yarns by direct-counting is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum use the samples for such comparative tests as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material that resulted in the disparate test results and randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
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1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
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Note 2: This test method has been evaluated for use in de...

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Standard Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Assigning a value to any property of the material in a container or in a lot, consignment, or delivery involves a measurement process that includes both sampling and testing procedures. The correctness of the value assigned depends upon the variability due to testing and sampling plan. Even when the variability due to testing is minimized by carefully developed procedures, correct and consistent estimates of the true value of the property are possible only when the sampling procedure avoids systematic bias, minimizes variations due to sampling, and provides a laboratory sample of adequate size.  
5.2 Practice D2258 may not give the most efficient sampling plan that might be devised in special situations but does present a general procedure that gives satisfactory precision with an economical amount of sampling. Many plans that include stratified sampling can be found in textbooks and through the use of statistical software tools and calculators.  
5.2.1 If not specified by the purchaser, the manufacturer will define suitable production lots based on one or more of the following: supply lot, production shift/time segment, production equipment or production line, operator, designated shipment, production run, or a combination herein.  
5.2.2 If not specified by the purchaser, the manufacturer will define sampling and testing frequency based on the following: process capability or capability analysis, historical trends, level of detection rate required, confidence level requirements, known variations or special causes, or both. Every attempt to ensure conforming product is being produced, identify potential nonconforming product or proper isolation and identification, will be carried out by the manufacturer.  
5.2.3 Sampling count and number of specimens will be based on standard practice listed within the document. Increase or decrease in count or frequency might be applied based on typical standard deviation, precision and confidence level, Measurement System...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for the division of shipments of yarn into test lots and the sampling of such lots for testing.  
1.1.1 This practice can be used for lot sample testing of yarns for both pre-fabric production and post-fabric production.  
1.2 This practice is applicable to single, plied, or cabled yarns, and cords, made of any fiber or mixture of fibers, and supported on any form of package, including beams.  
1.3 This practice also describes procedures for the sampling of yarn(s) removed from woven or knitted fabrics; however, when thus sampled, the yarns are usually not representative of entire shipments, as referred to in 1.1. Consequently, the resultant sampling can only be used to determine the characteristics of the yarn and is usually not used for acceptance testing. Moreover, it should be recognized that the characteristics of yarns from fabrics may be different than the characteristics of the same yarn(s), prior to being entered into the fabric manufacturing process.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical...

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ASTM
ASTM D3693-02(2021)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Labeled Length per Holder of Sewing Thread

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for the labeled lengths per holder of sewing threads of all materials. The test specimen is a thread holder whether a cone, tube, spool, ready-made bobbin, or any other holders. The observed length for all holders such as home sewing spools, ready-made bobbins, or all other holders which depends on the sampling size shall equal or exceed a certain percentage of the minimum allowable labeled length.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for the labeled lengths of sewing threads of all materials.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2731-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Elastic Properties of Elastomeric Yarns (CRE Type Tensile Testing Machines)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use samples for such comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 Force at Specified Elongation (FASE) is a measure of the tensile force occurring while extending a textile material within specified limits. This characteristic of elastomeric yarn indicates the resistance that will have to be overcome by the wearer while putting on a garment made of the material and is also an indication of the garment's resistance to deformation caused by normal body movements during wear. The elongations used for these measurements are typically 100 %, 200 % and 300 %.  
5.3 Permanent Deformation (set) is a measure of the increase in length of an elastomeric yarn resulting from cyclic stretching and relaxation. The characteristic is a visible indication of the realignment of intermolecular bonds within the elastic material. As with stress decay, the amount of set increases with yarn extension; however, for any particular extension, little or no additional set takes place after...
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of elastic properties of “as produced” elastomeric yarns made from rubber, spandex or other elastomers. Elastic properties include force at specified elongations, permanent deformation and stress decay. Other hysteresis related properties can be calculated.
Note 1: For a method designed specifically for testing rubber threads, refer to Test Method D2433.  
1.2 This test method is not applicable to covered, wrapped, or core-spun yarns or yarns spun from elastomeric staple.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to elastomeric yarns having a range of 40 to 3200 dtex (36 to 2900 denier).  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or U.S. Customary units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the U.S. Customary units are in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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