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ASTM D1159-07

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Bromine Numbers of Petroleum Distillates and Commercial Aliphatic Olefins by Electrometric Titration

Standard Test Method for Bromine Numbers of Petroleum Distillates and Commercial Aliphatic Olefins by Electrometric Titration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The bromine number is useful as a measure of aliphatic unsaturation in petroleum samples. When used in conjunction with the calculation procedure described in Annex A2, it can be used to estimate the percentage of olefins in petroleum distillates boiling up to approximately 315°C (600°F).
The bromine number of commercial aliphatic monoolefins provides supporting evidence of their purity and identity.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bromine number of the following materials:
1.1.1 Petroleum distillates that are substantially free of material lighter than isobutane and that have 90 % distillation points (by Test Method D 86) under 327°C (626°F). This test method is generally applicable to gasoline (including leaded, unleaded, and oxygenated fuels), kerosine, and distillates in the gas oil range that fall in the following limits:
90 % Distillation Point, °C (°F)Bromine Number, max2Under 205 (400)175  205 to 327 (400 to 626)10
1.1.2 Commercial olefins that are essentially mixtures of aliphatic mono-olefins and that fall within the range of 95 to 165 bromine number (see Note 1). This test method has been found suitable for such materials as commercial propylene trimer and tetramer, butene dimer, and mixed nonenes, octenes, and heptenes. This test method is not satisfactory for normal alpha-olefins.
Note 1—These limits are imposed since the precision of this test method has been determined only up to or within the range of these bromine numbers.
1.2 The magnitude of the bromine number is an indication of the quantity of bromine-reactive constituents, not an identification of constituents; therefore, its application as a measure of olefinic unsaturation should not be undertaken without the study given in Annex A1.
1.3 For petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures of bromine number less than 1.0, a more precise measure for bromine-reactive constituents can be obtained by using Test Method D 2710. If the bromine number is less than 0.5, then Test Method D 2710 or the comparable bromine index methods for industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, Test Methods D 1492 or D 5776 must be used in accordance with their respective scopes. The practice of using a factor of 1000 to convert bromine number to bromine index is not applicable for these lower values of bromine number.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 7, 8, and 9.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2007
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.04.0D - Physical and Chemical Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D1159-07(2012) - Standard Test Method for Bromine Numbers of Petroleum Distillates and Commercial Aliphatic Olefins by Electrometric Titration
Effective Date
15-Apr-2012

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ASTM D1159-07 - Standard Test Method for Bromine Numbers of Petroleum Distillates and Commercial Aliphatic Olefins by Electrometric TitrationASTM D1159-07 - Standard Test Method for Bromine Numbers of Petroleum Distillates and Commercial Aliphatic Olefins by Electrometric Titration
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ASTM D1159-07 - Standard Test Method for Bromine Numbers of Petroleum Distillates and Commercial Aliphatic Olefins by Electrometric Titration
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1159 – 07
Designation: 130/98
Standard Test Method for
Bromine Numbers of Petroleum Distillates and Commercial
1
Aliphatic Olefins by Electrometric Titration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1159; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* constituents can be obtained by using Test Method D2710.If
2 the bromine number is less than 0.5, then Test Method D2710
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the
or the comparable bromine index methods for industrial
bromine number of the following materials:
aromatic hydrocarbons, Test Methods D1492 or D5776 must
1.1.1 Petroleum distillates that are substantially free of
be used in accordance with their respective scopes. The
material lighter than isobutane and that have 90 % distillation
practice of using a factor of 1000 to convert bromine number
points (by Test Method D86) under 327°C (626°F). This test
to bromine index is not applicable for these lower values of
method is generally applicable to gasoline (including leaded,
bromine number.
unleaded,andoxygenatedfuels),kerosine,anddistillatesinthe
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
gas oil range that fall in the following limits:
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
2
90 % Distillation Point, °C (°F) Bromine Number, max
only.
Under 205 (400) 175
205 to 327 (400 to 626) 10
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1.2 Commercial olefins that are essentially mixtures of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
aliphatic mono-olefins and that fall within the range of 95 to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
165 bromine number (see Note 1). This test method has been
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
found suitable for such materials as commercial propylene
warning statements, see Sections 7, 8, and 9.
trimerandtetramer,butenedimer,andmixednonenes,octenes,
and heptenes. This test method is not satisfactory for normal
2. Referenced Documents
alpha-olefins.
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
NOTE 1—These limits are imposed since the precision of this test
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
method has been determined only up to or within the range of these
Atmospheric Pressure
bromine numbers.
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
1.2 The magnitude of the bromine number is an indication
D1492 Test Method for Bromine Index ofAromatic Hydro-
of the quantity of bromine-reactive constituents, not an iden-
carbons by Coulometric Titration
tificationofconstituents;therefore,itsapplicationasameasure
D2710 Test Method for Bromine Index of Petroleum Hy-
of olefinic unsaturation should not be undertaken without the
drocarbons by Electrometric Titration
study given in Annex A1.
D5776 Test Method for Bromine Index ofAromatic Hydro-
1.3 For petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures of bromine num-
carbons by Electrometric Titration
ber less than 1.0, a more precise measure for bromine-reactive
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
3.1.1 bromine number—the number of grams of bromine
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
that will react with 100 g of the specimen under the conditions
D02.04.0D on Physical and Chemical Methods.
of the test.
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization
Committee.
Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published May 2007. Originally
3
approved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D1159–01. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/D1159-07. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
See Dubois, H. D., and Skoog, D. A., “Determination of Bromine Addition Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Numbers,” Analytical Chemistry, Vol 20, 1948, pp. 624–627. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1159 – 07
4. Summary of Test Method sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
accuracy of the determination.
4.1 A known weight of the specimen di
...

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ASTM D1159-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Bromine Numbers of Petroleum Distillates and Commercial Aliphatic Olefins by Electrometric Titration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The bromine number is useful as a measure of aliphatic unsaturation in petroleum samples. When used in conjunction with the calculation procedure described in Annex A2, it can be used to estimate the percentage of olefins in petroleum distillates boiling up to approximately 315 °C (600 °F).  
5.2 The bromine number of commercial aliphatic monoolefins provides supporting evidence of their purity and identity.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method3 covers the determination of the bromine number of the following materials:  
1.1.1 Petroleum distillates that are substantially free of material lighter than isobutane and that have 90 % distillation points (by Test Method D86) under 327 °C (626 °F). This test method is generally applicable to gasoline (including leaded, unleaded, and oxygenated fuels), kerosine, and distillates in the gas oil range that fall in the following limits:    
90 % Distillation Point, °C (°F)  
Bromine Number, max3    
Under 205 (400)  
175    
205 to 327 (400 to 626)  
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1.1.2 Commercial olefins that are essentially mixtures of aliphatic mono-olefins and that fall within the range of 95 to 165 bromine number (see Note 1). This test method has been found suitable for such materials as commercial propylene trimer and tetramer, butene dimer, and mixed nonenes, octenes, and heptenes. This test method is not satisfactory for normal alpha-olefins.  
Note 1: These limits are imposed since the precision of this test method has been determined only up to or within the range of these bromine numbers.  
1.2 The magnitude of the bromine number is an indication of the quantity of bromine-reactive constituents, not an identification of constituents; therefore, its application as a measure of olefinic unsaturation should not be undertaken without the study given in Annex A1.  
1.3 For petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures of bromine number less than 1.0, a more precise measure for bromine-reactive constituents can be obtained by using Test Method D2710. If the bromine number is less than 0.5, then Test Method D2710 or the comparable bromine index methods for industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, Test Methods D1492 or D5776 must be used in accordance with their respective scopes. The practice of using a factor of 1000 to convert bromine number to bromine index is not applicable for these lower values of bromine number.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 7, 8, and 9.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 A petroleum products, liquid fuels, and lubricants testing laboratory plays a crucial role in product quality management and customer satisfaction. It is essential for a laboratory to provide quality data. This document provides guidance for establishing and maintaining a quality management system in a laboratory.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the establishment and maintenance of the essentials of a quality management system in laboratories engaged in the analysis of petroleum products, liquid fuels, and lubricants. It is designed to be used in conjunction with Practice D6299.
Note 1: This practice is based on the quality management concepts and principles advocated in ANSI/ISO/ASQ Q9000 standards, ISO/IEC 17025, ASQ Manual,2 and ASTM standards such as D3244, D4182, D4621, D6299, D6300, D7372, E29, E177, E456, E548, E882, E994, E1301, E1323, STP 15D,3 and STP 1209.4  
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5.1 The solvent extractables in a wax may have significant effects on several of its properties such as strength, hardness, flexibility, scuff resistance, coefficient of friction, coefficient of expansion, melting point, and staining characteristics. Whether these effects are desirable or undesirable depends on the intended use of the wax.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of solvent extractables in petroleum waxes.  
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Standard Test Method for Determination of Oxidation Stability and Insolubles Formation of Inhibited Turbine Oils at 120 °C Without the Inclusion of Water (Dry TOST Method)

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5.1 Insoluble material may form in oils that are subjected to oxidizing conditions.  
5.2 Significant formation of oil insolubles or metal corrosion products, or both, during this test may indicate that the oil will form insolubles or corrode metals, or both, resulting in varnish formation during field service. The level of varnish formation in service will be dependent on many factors (turbine design, reservoir temperature, duty-cycle, for example. peaking, cycling, or base-load duty, maintenance, and so forth) and a direct correlation between results in this test and field varnish formation are yet to be established.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to evaluate the sludging tendencies of steam and gas turbine lubricants during the oxidation process in the presence of oxygen and metal catalyst (copper and iron) at an elevated temperature. This test method may be used to evaluate industrial oils (for example, circulating oils and so forth).  
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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—The values in parentheses in some of the figures are provided for information only for those using old equipment based on non-SI units.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
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5.1 New and used petroleum products can contain basic or acidic constituents that are present as additives or as degradation products formed during service, such as oxidation products. The relative amount of these materials can be determined by titrating with acids or bases. This number, whether expressed as acid number or base number, is a measure of this amount of acidic or basic substances, respectively, in the oil—always under the conditions of the test. This number is used as a guide in the quality control of lubricating oil formulations. It is also sometimes used as a measure of lubricant degradation in service; however, any condemning limits must be empirically established.  
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SCOPE
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Note 3: Oils, such as many cutting oils, rustproofing oils, and similar compounded oils, or excessively dark-colored oils, that cannot be analyzed for acid number by this test method due to obscurity of the color-indicator end point, can be analyzed by Test Method D664. The acid numbers obtained by this color-indicator test method need not be numerically the same as those obtained by Test Method D664, the base numbers obtained by this color indicator test method need not be numerically the same as those obtained by Test Method D4739, but they are generally of the same order of magnitude.  
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1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations...

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5.1 The results obtained by this test are a useful guideline in determining the ability of water-miscible metalworking fluids to prevent or minimize rust under specific conditions. There is usually a relationship between the results of this test and a similar ability of the subject coolant to prevent rust on nested parts or in drilled holes containing chips, etc. It must be understood, however, that conditions, metal types, etc. found in practice will not correlate quantitatively with these controlled laboratory conditions. The procedure may not be able to differentiate between two products with poor rust control due to the wide spacing between test dilutions.
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1.1 This test method covers evaluation of the ferrous corrosion control characteristics of water–miscible metalworking fluids.  
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ASTM D4177-22e1(Practice)
Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Representative samples of petroleum and petroleum products are required for the determination of chemical and physical properties, which are used to establish standard volumes, prices, and compliance with commercial terms and regulatory requirements. This practice does not cover sampling of electrical insulating oils and hydraulic fluids. This practice does not address how to sample crude at temperatures below the freezing point of water.
PART I—General
This part is applicable to all petroleum liquid sampling whether it be crude oil or refined products. Review this section before designing or installing any automatic sampling system.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes general procedures and equipment for automatically obtaining samples of liquid petroleum and petroleum products, crude oils, and intermediate products from the sample point into the primary container. This practice also provides additional specific information about sample container selection, preparation, and sample handling. If sampling is for the precise determination of volatility, use Practice D5842 (API MPMS Chapter 8.4) in conjunction with this practice. For sample mixing and handling, refer to Practice D5854 (API MPMS Chapter 8.3). This practice does not cover sampling of electrical insulating oils and hydraulic fluids.  
1.2 Table of Contents:    
Section  
INTRODUCTION  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Significance and Use  
4  
PART I–GENERAL  
Representative Sampling Components  
5  
Design Criteria  
6  
Automatic Sampling Systems  
7  
Sampling Location  
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Mixing of the Flowing Stream  
9  
Proportionality  
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Sample Extractor Grab Volume  
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Containers  
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Sample Handling and Mixing  
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Control Systems  
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Sample System Security  
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System Proving (Performance Acceptance Tests)  
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Performance Monitoring  
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PART II–CRUDE OIL  
Crude Oil  
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PART III–REFINED PRODUCTS  
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KEYWORDS  
Keywords  
20  
ANNEXES  
Calculations of the Margin of Error based on Number of Sample Grabs  
Annex A1  
Theoretical Calculations for Selecting the Sampler Probe Location  
Annex A2  
Portable Sampling Units  
Annex A3  
Profile Performance Test  
Annex A4  
Sampler Acceptance Test Data  
Annex A5  
APPENDIXES  
Design Data Sheet for Automatic Sampling System  
Appendix X1  
Comparisons of Percent Sediment and Water versus Unloading Time Period  
Appendix X2  
Sampling Frequency and Sampling System Monitoring Spreadsheet  
Appendix X3  
Sampling System Monitoring—Additional Diagnostics  
Appendix X4  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or US Customary (USC) units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Except where there is no direct SI equivalent, such as for National Pipe Threads/diameters, or tubing.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D4057-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Samples of petroleum and petroleum products are obtained for many reasons, including the determination of chemical and physical properties. These properties may be used for: calculating standard volumes; establishing product value; and often safety and regulatory reporting.  
4.2 There are inherent limitations when performing any type of sampling, any one of which may affect the representative nature of the sample. As examples, a spot sample provides a sample from only one particular point in the tank, vessel compartment, or pipeline. In the case of running or all-level samples, the sample only represents the column of material from which it was taken.  
4.3 Based on the product, and testing to be performed, this practice provides guidance on sampling equipment, container preparation, and manual sampling procedures for petroleum and petroleum products of a liquid, semi-liquid, or solid state, from the storage tanks, flowlines, pipelines, marine vessels, process vessels, drums, cans, tubes, bags, kettles, and open discharge streams into the primary sample container.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures and equipment for manually obtaining samples of liquid petroleum and petroleum products, crude oils, and intermediate products from the sample point into the primary container are described. Procedures are also included for the sampling of free water and other heavy components associated with petroleum and petroleum products.  
1.2 This practice also addresses the sampling of semi-liquid or solid-state petroleum products. For the sampling of green petroleum coke, see Practice D8145. For the sampling of calcined petroleum coke, see Practice D6970.  
1.3 This practice provides additional specific information about sample container selection, preparation, and sample handling.  
1.4 This practice does not cover sampling of electrical insulating oils and hydraulic fluids. If sampling is for the precise determination of volatility, use Practice D5842 (API MPMS Chapter 8.4) in conjunction with this practice. For sample mixing and handling, refer to Practice D5854 (API MPMS Chapter 8.3).  
1.5 The procedures described in this practice may also be applicable in sampling most non-corrosive liquid industrial chemicals provided that all safety precautions specific to these chemicals are followed. Also, refer to Practice E300. The procedures described in this practice are also applicable to sampling liquefied petroleum gases and chemicals. Also refer to Practices D1265 and D3700. The procedure for sampling bituminous materials is described in Practice D140. Practice D4306 provides guidance on sample containers and preparation for sampling aviation fuel.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. USC units are reflected in parentheses.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D5291-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products and Lubricants

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This is the first ASTM standard covering the simultaneous determination of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen in petroleum products and lubricants.  
5.2 Carbon, hydrogen, and particularly nitrogen analyses are useful in determining the complex nature of sample types covered by this test method. The CHN results can be used to estimate the processing and refining potentials and yields in the petrochemical industry.  
5.3 The concentration of nitrogen is a measure of the presence of nitrogen containing additives. Knowledge of its concentration can be used to predict performance. Some petroleum products also contain naturally occurring nitrogen. Knowledge of hydrogen content in samples is helpful in addressing their performance characteristics. Hydrogen to carbon ratio is useful to assess the performance of upgrading processes.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the instrumental determination of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen in laboratory samples of petroleum products and lubricants. Values obtained represent the total carbon, the total hydrogen, and the total nitrogen.  
1.2 These test methods are applicable to samples such as crude oils, fuel oils, additives, and residues for carbon and hydrogen and nitrogen analysis. These test methods were tested in the concentration range of at least 75 % to 87 % by mass for carbon, at least 9 % to 16 % by mass for hydrogen, and  
1.3 The nitrogen test method is not applicable to light materials or those containing  
1.3.1 However, using Test Method D levels of 0.1 % by mass nitrogen in lubricants could be determined.  
1.4 These test methods are not recommended for the analysis of volatile materials such as gasoline, gasoline-oxygenate blends, or gasoline type aviation turbine fuels.  
1.5 The results of these tests can be expressed as mass % carbon, hydrogen or nitrogen.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6304-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A knowledge of the water content is important in the manufacturing, purchase, sale, or transfer of petroleum products to help in predicting their quality and performance characteristics.  
5.2 The presence of moisture could lead to premature corrosion and wear, an increase in the debris load resulting in diminished lubrication and premature plugging of filters, an impedance in the effect of additives, and undesirable support of deleterious bacterial growth.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the direct determination of entrained water in petroleum products and hydrocarbons using automated instrumentation. This test method also covers the indirect analysis of water thermally removed from samples and swept with dry inert gas into the Karl Fischer titration cell. Mercaptan, sulfide (S– or H2S), sulfur, and other compounds are known to interfere with this test method (see Section 6). The precision statement of this method covers the nominal range of 20 mg/kg to 25 000 mg/kg for Procedure A, 30 mg/kg to 2100 mg/kg for Procedure B, and 20 mg/kg to 360 mg/kg for Procedure C.  
1.2 This test method is intended for use with commercially available coulometric Karl Fischer reagents and for the determination of water in additives, lube oils, base oils, automatic transmission fluids, hydrocarbon solvents, and other petroleum products. By proper choice of the sample size, this test method may be used for the determination of water from mg/kg to percent level concentrations.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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