ASTM F2516-07
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Tension Testing of Nickel-Titanium Superelastic Materials
Standard Test Method for Tension Testing of Nickel-Titanium Superelastic Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Tension tests provide information on the strength and ductility of materials under uniaxial tensile stresses.
Tension tests, as described in this test method, also provide information on the superelasticity, as defined in Terminology F 2005, of the material at the test temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the tension testing of superelastic nickel-titanium (nitinol) materials, specifically the methods of determination of upper plateau strength, lower plateau strength, residual elongation, tensile strength, and elongation.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:F2516–07
Standard Test Method for
1
Tension Testing of Nickel-Titanium Superelastic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2516; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope nickel-titanium shape memory alloys appearing in Terminol-
ogyF 2005shallbeconsideredasapplyingtothetermsusedin
1.1 This test method covers the tension testing of superelas-
this test method.Additional terms being defined are as follows
tic nickel-titanium (nitinol) materials, specifically the methods
(see Fig. 1):
of determination of upper plateau strength, lower plateau
3.1.1 lower plateau strength (LPS)—the stress at 2.5 %
strength, residual elongation, tensile strength, and elongation.
strain during unloading of the sample, after loading to 6 %
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
strain.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1.2 residual elongation, El [%]—the difference between
standard. r
the strain at a stress of 7.0 MPa during unloading and the strain
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
at a stress of 7.0 MPa during loading.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.3 uniform elongation, El [%]—the elongation deter-
u
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
mined at the maximum force sustained by the test piece just
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
prior to necking, or fracture, or both.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.4 upper plateau strength (UPS)—the stress at 3 % strain
2. Referenced Documents
during loading of the sample.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Summary of Test Method
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-
4.1 Using conventional tensile testing apparatus, the mate-
ing
rial is pulled to 6 % strain, then unloaded to less than 7 MPa,
E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
then pulled to failure.
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
someter Systems
5. Significance and Use
E 111 TestMethodforYoung’sModulus,TangentModulus,
5.1 Tension tests provide information on the strength and
and Chord Modulus
ductility of materials under uniaxial tensile stresses.
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
5.2 Tension tests, as described in this test method, also
ASTM Test Methods
provide information on the superelasticity, as defined in Ter-
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
minology F 2005, of the material at the test temperature.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E 1875 Test Method for Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear
6. Apparatus
Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio by Sonic Resonance
6.1 Apparatus is as described in Test MethodsE8.
F 2005 Terminology for Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory
Alloys
7. Test Specimen
7.1 Test specimens are as described in Test MethodsE8.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—The definitions of terms relating to tension
8. Procedure
testing appearing in TerminologyE6 and the terms relating to
8.1 Procedure shall be per Test Methods E8 with the
following additions:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F04 on Medical 8.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, the temperature of the test
and Surgical Materials and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
shall be 22.0°C. Tolerance shall be 62.0°C.
F04.15 on Material Test Methods.
8.1.2 Free-running crosshead speed shall be limited per
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally
Table 1.
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F 2516 – 06.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2516–07
8.1.6 Lower plateau strength shall be determined as the
value of the stress at a strain of 2.5 % during the unloading of
the specimen.
8.1.7 Residual elongation shall be determined by the differ-
encebetweenthestrainatastressof7.0MPaduringunloading
and the strain at a stress of 7.0 MPa during loading.
8.1.8 The uniform elongation shall be determined by elon-
gation when the maximum force is reached just prior to
necking or fracture, or both.
9. Report
9.1 The report shall include the following information,
unless otherwise specified:
9.1.1
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F2516–06 Designation:F2516–07
Standard Test Method for
1
Tension Testing of Nickel-Titanium Superelastic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2516; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the tension testing of superelastic nickel-titanium (nitinol) materials, specifically the methods of
determination of upper plateau strength, lower plateau strength, residual elongation, tensile strength, and elongation.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E 6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E 83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
E 111 Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Tangent Modulus, and Chord Modulus
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E 1875 Test Method for Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio by Sonic Resonance
F 2005 Terminology for Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloys
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—The definitions of terms relating to tension testing appearing in Terminology E 6 and the terms relating to
nickel-titanium shape memory alloys appearing in Terminology F 2005 shall be considered as applying to the terms used in this
test method. Additional terms being defined are as follows (see Fig. 1):
3.1.1 lower plateau strength (LPS)—the stress at 2.5 % strain during unloading of the sample, after loading to 6 % strain.
3.1.2 residual elongation, El [%] —the difference between the strain at a stress of 7.0 MPa during unloading and the strain at
r
a stress of 7.0 MPa during loading.
3.1.3 uniform elongation, El [%]—the elongation determined at the maximum force sustained by the test piece just prior to
u
necking, or fracture, or both.
3.1.4 upper plateau strength (UPS)—the stress at 3 % strain during loading of the sample.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Using conventional tensile testing apparatus, the material is pulled to 6 % strain, then unloaded to less than 7 MPa, then
pulled to failure.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Tension tests provide information ofon the strength and ductility of materials under uniaxial tensile stresses.
5.2 Tension tests, as described in this test method, also provide information on the superelasticity, as defined in Terminology
F 2005, of the material at the test temperature.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F04 on Medical and Surgical Materials and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F04.15 on Material Test Methods.
Current edition approved JuneDec. 1, 2006.2007. Published June 2006.January 2008. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20052006 as
F 2516 – 056.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2516–07
FIG. 1 Terms Illustrated on Typical Stress-Strain Diagram of
Superelastic Nitinol
6. Apparatus
6.1 Apparatus is as described in Test Methods E 8.
7. Test Specimen
7.1 Test specimens are as described in Test Methods E 8.
8. Procedure
8.1 Procedure shall be per Test Methods E 8 with the following additions:
8.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, the temperature of the test shall be 22.0°C. Tolerance shall be 62.0°C.
8.1.2 Free-running crosshead speed shall be limited per Table 1.
8.1.3 The test shall consist of zeroing the force transducer, gripping the specimen, pulling the specimen to 6 % strain, reversin
...
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